Chromatographic methods for simultaneous determination of diiodohydroxyquinoline and Metronidazole in their binary mixture

Two chromatographic methods were developed for analysis ofdiiodohydroxyquinoline [DIHQ] and metronidazole [MTN]. In the first method, diiodohydroxyquinoline and metronidazole were separated on TLC silica gel 60F254 plate using chloroform: acetone: glacial acetic acid [7.5: 2.5: 0.1, by volume] as mobile phase. The obtained bands were then scanned at 254 nm. The second method is a RP-HPLC method in which diiodohydroxyquinoline and metronidazole were separated on a reversed-phase C18 column using water: methanol [60 :40, V/V, PH=3.6] as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.7 mL.min[-1] and UV detection at 220 nm. The mentioned methods were successfully used for determination of diiodohydroxyquinoline and metronidazole in pure form and in their pharmaceutical formulation

Differentiating amoebic ulcero-haemorrhagic recto-colitis from idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease: still a diagnostic dilemma / Diferenciar la Rectocolitis Úlcero-hemorrágica Amebiana de la Enfermedad Inflamatoria Idiopática del Intestino: un Dilema Diagnóstico sin Resolver

The colon responds monomorphically to a variety of insults thus making it difficult to differentiate invasive amoebic colitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The authors present a case with chronic dysentery, haematochezia, anaemia and hypoproteinaemia. The endoscopic findings were suggestive of IBD. The stool examination was negative for trophozoites or cysts of parasites. The recto-colonic biopsy specimens showed mucosal inflammation with exudates containing amoebic trophozoites. The patient was successfully treated with metronidazole and iodoquinol. He recovered within two weeks and repeat colonoscopy four weeks after the treatment showed a normal rectum and colon. Clinicians should have a high level of suspicion for amoebic colitis in cases of colitis especially in regions where amoebiasis is still present. Efforts should be made to find the amoebic trophozoites in multiple stool and colonic biopsy specimens

El colon responde de manera monomórfica a una variedad de insultos, lo cual hace difícil distinguir entre la colitis amebiana invasiva y la enfermedad intestinal inflamatoria (EII). Los autores presentan un caso con disentería crónica, hematoquexia, anemia e hipoproteinemia. Los resultados endoscópicos apuntaban a una EII. El análisis de las heces fecales arrojó resultados negativos en cuanto a presencia de trofozoitos o quistes de parásitos. Esto condujo a un diagnóstico erróneo y el paciente fue tratado por una EII. Sin embargo, los especímenes de la biopsia rectocolónica mostraron una inflamación mucosal con exudados en los que se hallaban presentes trofozoitos amebianos. El paciente tuvo un tratamiento exitoso con metronidazol y iodoquinol. Se recuperó en dos semanas, y se le repitió la colonoscopia cuatro semanas después de que el tratamiento mostró un recto y colon normales. Los clínicos debían mostrar un alto nivel de sospecha ante la colitis amebiana, especialmente en aquellas regiones donde la amebiasis todavía está presente. Deben hacerse esfuerzos por encontrar trofozoitos amebianos en múltiples especímenes de heces fecales y biopsia colónica.

Blastocystis hominis: un parásito frecuente en Chile / Blastocystis hominis: a frequent parasite in Chile

Se seleccionaron trabajos nacionales y extranjeros publicados para responder varias preguntas acerca de B. hominis. Se consideraron variables como edad, sexo, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Estos trabajos apoyan el rol patógeno de B. hominis. Sus manifestaciones más frecuentes son diarrea, dolor abdominal y, con menor frecuencia, meteorismo, anorexia náuseas y vómitos. Como convención entre laboratorios, se considera positivo un examen con visualización de al menos cinco parásitos por campo (40x). Metronidazol es el fármaco más efectivo para erradicar B. hominis. En los estudios revisados se reportó altas prevalencias nacionales con cifras entre 21,3 y 63,2 por ciento. Clínicos y científicos sugieren mayores estudios y vigilancia epidemiológica

Clinical findings in patients with acute amebic proctocolitis and efficacy of combined therapy with saccharomyces boulardii

Intestinal amebiasis has a worldwide distribution and is common in tropical and subtropical areas. In this prospective 7-month study, we studied the main clinical findings in patients with acute amebic proctocolitis and the efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii [SB] treatment of these patients. Initially, 57 cases with acute amebic proctocolitis were selected. The maximum occurrence of infection was found to be in the 30-39 year old age group. The patients were then randomized to two therapeutic regimens. The first included metronidazole 750 mg P.O. tid X 10 days and iodoquinol 630 mg P.O. tid X 10 days, and the second was the latter plus S. boulardii 250 mg P.O. tid x 10 days. The diarrhea, abdominal pain and fever were significantly decreased after initation of therapy in patients receiving regimen II as compared with patients of regimen I. Four weeks after the end of treatment, the two groups were examined for carrier states [presence of amebic cysts in stool, without symptoms]. In regimen I, the percentage of carriers was 19.4%, but in the patients who received regimen II, no carriers were found [P= 0.025]

Utilización empírica de diyodohidroxiquinoleína y dimeticona para el tratamiento de la colitis amebiana en escolares / Empirical use of diiodohydroxyquinolein and dimeticone in treating amoebic colitis in school children

Se estudió la evolución de 60 pacientes escolares con diagnóstico clínico de colitis amebiana, habitantes de una zona rural llamada Xico. La muestra se dividió en dos grupos, 30 del sexo femenino y 30 del masculino con edades entre seis y 12 años. Se administró una combinación de diyodohidroxiquinoleína y dimeticona a dosis de 30 mg por kg por día por vía oral en forma de suspensión. A los 4.5 días promedio hubo notable mejoría en 93.7 por ciento de los pacientes, por lo que concluye que esta combinación es una alternativa empírica eficaz para el tratamiento de la colitis amebiana.

Tratamiento simplificado de la amebiasis intestinal con diyodohidroxiquinoleína en niños / A simplified treatment of intestinal amebiasis in children with diiodohydroxyquinolein

Se trataron con diyodohidroxiquinoleina 53 niños de ambos sexos, en edad comprendida entre cinco y 17 años, atendidos en la consulta externa del servicio de parasitología del Instituto Nacional de Pediatía, en los cuales se diagnosticó amebiasis intestinal no invasiva en fase clínica y por exámenes de laboratorio (CPS) Faust). El fármaco se administró a razón de 30 mg/kg/dpia 10 días. Hubo curación en el 98.1% sólo dos pacientes refirieron efectos advrsos atribuidos al medicamento, uno presentó diarrea y otro náusea. Los resultados obtenidos permiten recomendar el uso de diyodohidroxiquinoleína en el tratamiento de la amebiasis intestinal no invasiva en niños con un esquema más corto que el convencional, que disminuye la presentación de efectos adversos y abatimiento del costo

Balantidiasis humana en la isla de Chiloé, Chile / Human balantidiasis in the Chiloé Island, Southern Chile

Se comunica la experiencia lograda en balantidiasis humana con el hallazgo de 44 casos en el Hospital de Achao, Chiloé, durante el período de 1979-1986, mediante examen coproparasitológico seriado. Todas las personas infectadas provenían de localidades rurales, tenían contacto con cerdos y vivían en condiciones deplorables de saneamiento básico. 41 de los casos (93,2%) correspondieron a niños, siendo los preescolares el grupo más afectado (50%), al igual que el sexo masculino (61,4%). En el 97,7% de los casos había también otros parásitos en las deposiciones, principalmente Ascaris sp (86,4%), Trichuris sp (84,1%) y G. lamblia (22,3%). 14 casos fueron hospitalizados y en éllos se realizó estudio clínico. La gran mayoría de éstos casos (92,9%) correspondió a pacientes asintomáticos o con síntomas inespecíficos y hubo uno sólo con diarrea disentérica, incluyendo los 30 pacientes ambulatorios. Se obtuvo buena respuesta al tratamiento con diyodohidroxiquinoleína en niños y con tetraciclina en adultos. Dada la frecuencia con que se observa ésta infección en la zona, se propone adiestrar a los equipos de salud rural para educar a la población respecto a mejorar las condiciones de saneamiento básico y el adecuado manejo de la crianza de cerdos

A Case of Acrodermatitis Enteropathica / 대한피부과학회지

Diiodohydroxyquin introduced by Dillaha et al in 1953, had been the mainstay for the treatment of acrodermatitis enteropathica (A.E.). However, following the report by Moynahan and Barnes in 1973 of successful treatment with the oral administration of zinc sulfate, the clinical response to this treatment has been confirmed by different investigators in many countries. In Korean literature, Rhim et al reported two cases of A,E. in siblings successfully treated with oral zinc sulfate in 1980. In our case of cow's milk-fed, 7 month-old male infant, typical claasical features of total alopecia, diarrhea and periorificial dermatitis developed at about 3 months. of age and the zinc level in serum was 101 ug/dl at the first visit. Treatment first with diiodohydroxyquin was initiated at a dose of 315 mg/day by mouth for the first week and 630 mg/day for the second week, but this therapeutic regimen brought about little or no effect. Because of no definite improvement even with increasing dose of 1260 mg/day for another week, treatment was. changed to oral zinc sulfate. The patient began to receive zinc sulfate 50mg at first day by mouth and the dosage was immediately increased to l00mg daily from the next day. Within 72 hrs there found dramatic improvement in the skin lesions and diharrhea stopped. Twenty days after the start of zinc therapy, nearly all the skin lesions disappeared and the patient was discharged in satisfactory condition with only mild residual erythema. (countinued..)

Clinical Study on Acrodermatitis Enteropathica / 대한피부과학회지

Clinical studies on five patients with acrodermatitis enteropathica visited during the period from March 1968 to September 1970 to the department of dermatology, Pusan national University hospital were made and the results obtained were summerized as follows; in addition, the literature was reviewed. 1) All of 5 patients aging from 3 months to 3 years, showed characteristic distributions of the cutaneous lesions which ranged in character from vesicobullous to heavily scaled psoriasiform and moniliasis-like lesions. 2) Of these, the nearly full clinical pictures were presented in two cases with the gradual onset in early infancy, dermatitis predominantly involving the periorficial areas and extremities, which followed by recurrent attacks of greenish yellow-colored diarrhea, partial and diffuse loss of the scalp hairs, stomatitis and monilial infections, whereas the rest thtee cases seemed to be "forme fruste" of this disease with the absence of hair and nail abnormalities. 3) There found no speeific histologic findings in two biopsies performed but showed somewhat the pictures of sub-acute dermatoses. 4) Candida albicans were demonstrated from the skin lesions in two cases, 5) Treatment with local application of gentian violet solution, nystatin ointment for the skin lesions and stomatitis were temporarily favorable in all cases and in case 1 and 5, diodoquin, each 300mg and 600mg were administered orally in divided doses for two weeks, with the result of satisfactory responses. However, the latter died, on the 3rd hospitalized day, of acute glomerulonephritis and upper respiratory infection. 6) Though it is generally accepted that there is definite familial occurrence in this disorder but we recognized no evidence of familial incidence in our five cases.

Virulence of Entamoeba histolytica according to the strains in Korea III. Amebicial response of antiamoebic agents on several strains of Entamoeba histolytica in vitro

The amebicidal activity of traditional anitiamoebic drug (emetine, carbasone, diodoquin, chloroquine, atabrine, chloramphenicol and tertracycline) and newly appeared chemicals(niridazole, metronidazole and No. 8603 substance) were assayed by in vitro experiment using five strains of human originated E, histolytica. The variety of amebicidal activity of drugs by the strains were discussed. Ranges of amoebicidal activity of traditional antiamoebic drugs kept almost similar titers of previous reports at the concentration; 1:5,000 to 1:20,000 with emetine hydrochloride, 1:10.000 to 1:20,000 with carbarsone, 1:8,000 to 1:16,000 with diodoquin, 1:50,000 with chloroquine, 1:1,000 to 1: 4,000 with atabrine ,1:1,000 to 1:2,000 with chloramphencol and 1:5,000 to 1:8,000 with tetracycline. The newly appeared chemicals showed higher amebicidal titres at the concentration; 1:500,000 to 1:5,000,000 with niridazole, 1:50,000 to 1:100,000 with metronidazol and 1:100,000 to 1:500,000 with No.8603 substance. Emetine, chloramphenicol and No. 8603 substance showed amebicidal activities at lower concentration to intestine originated amebae (YS 14, YS 15 and NAMRU II strain) than to liver originated amebae (YS 24 and YS 25 strain ), while carbarsone, chloroquine and metronidazole showed the activity at higher concentrations. Diodoquin showed lower amebicidal titres to trophozoite borne amebae (NAMRU II, YS 24 and YS 25 strain) than to cyst borne amebae(YS 14 and YS 15 strain), but niridazole showed converse results. The concentration of atabrine for amebicidal activity was not constant according to strains of the amoeba, but tetracycline showed almost settled titers.