Simulation of the relationship between joint motion amplitude and motion damage based on algorithm / Simulação da relação entre amplitude de movimento articular e dano de movimento baseado em algoritmo / Simulación de la relación entre la amplitud del movimiento de las articulaciones y el daño por movimiento basado en algoritmo

ABSTRACT Introduction: With the continuous development of society and the continuous improvement of the economic level, the willingness of Chinese people to participate in sports is also showing an upward trend. However, how to reduce sports damage as much as possible during exercise should be a hot issue of particular concern to athletes in the sports world. Objective: It aimed to discuss the simulation of the relationship between joint motion amplitude (JMA) and motion damage (MD) via a rough set decision-making algorithm to avoid MD. Based on the rough set decision algorithm, JMA and MD models were constructed, and a motion data decision table was established. Methods: Joint change parameters and constraint conditions were set, and joint change parameters were analyzed. Moreover, the changing parameters, feature strength, and algorithm partition accuracy of the simulation model were analyzed. Results: The feature strength and the division accuracy of the rough set decision algorithm all showed good accuracy. The model constructed by such a method can well describe the relationship between JMA and MD. Conclusion: The proposed rough set decision algorithm can describe the relationship between JMA and MD scientifically and effectively, which provided reference value for sports. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: Com o desenvolvimento contínuo da sociedade e a melhoria contínua do nível econômico, a disposição do povo chinês para a prática de esportes também apresenta uma tendência ascendente. No entanto, como reduzir os danos ao esporte tanto quanto possível durante o exercício deve ser uma questão importante de particular preocupação para os atletas do mundo dos esportes. Objetivo: o objetivo foi discutir a simulação da relação entre amplitude de movimento articular (JMA) e dano de movimento (MD) por meio de um algoritmo de tomada de decisão de conjunto aproximado, para evitar MD. Com base no algoritmo de decisão de conjunto aproximado, os modelos JMA e MD foram construídos e uma tabela de decisão de dados de movimento foi estabelecida. Métodos: os parâmetros de mudança da junta e as condições de restrição foram definidos, e os parâmetros de mudança da junta foram analisados. Além disso, foram analisados os parâmetros de alteração, a força do recurso e a precisão da partição do algoritmo do modelo de simulação. Resultados: A força do recurso e a precisão da divisão do algoritmo de decisão do conjunto aproximado mostraram boa precisão. O modelo construído por esse método pode descrever bem a relação entre JMA e MD. Conclusão: O algoritmo de decisão de conjunto aproximado proposto pode descrever a relação entre JMA e MD de forma científica e eficaz, o que forneceu valor de referência para a área de esportes. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos- investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Con el desarrollo continuo de la sociedad y la mejora continua del nivel económico, la disposición del pueblo chino a participar en deportes también está mostrando una tendencia al alza. Sin embargo, cómo reducir el daño deportivo tanto como sea posible durante el ejercicio debería ser un tema candente de especial preocupación para los atletas en el mundo del deporte. Objetivo: Su objetivo era discutir la simulación de la relación entre la amplitud del movimiento articular (JMA) y el daño por movimiento (MD) a través de un algoritmo de toma de decisiones de conjunto aproximado, para evitar MD. Con base en el algoritmo de decisión de conjunto aproximado, se construyeron modelos JMA y MD, y se estableció una tabla de decisión de datos de movimiento. Métodos: Se establecieron los parámetros de cambio de la articulación y las condiciones de restricción, y se analizaron los parámetros de cambio de la articulación. Además, se analizaron los parámetros cambiantes, la fuerza de la característica y la precisión de la partición del algoritmo del modelo de simulación. Resultados: La fuerza de la característica y la precisión de la división del algoritmo de decisión de conjunto aproximado mostraron una buena precisión. El modelo construido por tal método puede describir bien la relación entre JMA y MD. Conclusión: El algoritmo de decisión de conjunto aproximado propuesto puede describir la relación entre JMA y MD de manera científica y efectiva, lo que proporcionó un valor de referencia para el campo de los deportes. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos- investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Repetições máximas e tempo sob tensão entre as ordens multiarticular para monoarticular e monoarticular para multiarticular em exercícios resistidos / Repeticiones máximas y tiempo de tensión entre los ordenes multiarticular para monoarticular y monoarticular para multiarticular en ejercicios resistidos / Maximum repetitions and time under tension between multiarticular orders to monoarticular and monoarticular to multiarticular in resisted exercises

Objetivo: analizar las repeticiones máximas (RM) y el tiempo de tensión (TST) entre los órdenes multiarticular para monoarticular y monoarticular para multiarticular en ejercicios resistidos. Métodos: 15 hombres entrenados (23,53±2,07 años; 74,8±5,1 kg; 173,8±4,6 cm) realizaron la prueba de 10RM en los ejercicios supino horizontal (SH) y rosca tríceps en el pulley (RT). Después de 48 horas realizaron repeticiones máximas para los mismos ejercicios en diferentes órdenes multiarticular-monoarticular y monoarticular-multiarticular. En los dos protocolos propuestos, el número máximo de repeticiones y el tiempo de tensión (TST) se contabilizaron sólo en el último ejercicio realizado. Resultado: La prueba T de Student pareado apuntó reducciones significativas en el número de RM en los dos protocolos analizados cuando comparados a la prueba de 10RM (p <0,005 y p <0,001). Los resultados mostraron no haber diferencias significativas en el TST en ninguna de las condiciones evaluadas. Conclusión: el orden de los ejercicios influenció el número de repeticiones realizadas, aunque no afectó el TST.

Objetivo: analisar as repetições máximas (RM) e o tempo sob tensão (TST) entre as ordens multiarticular para monoarticular e monoarticular para multiarticular em exercícios resistidos. Métodos: quinze homens treinados (23,53±2,07anos; 74,8±5,1kg; 173,8±4,6cm) realizaram teste 10RM nos exercícios supino horizontal (SH) e rosca tríceps no pulley (RT). Após quarenta e oito horas realizaram repetições máximas para os mesmos exercícios nas diferentes ordens multiarticular-monoarticular e monoarticular-multiarticular. Nos dois protocolos propostos, o númeexercício realizado. Resultado: O Teste T de Student pareado apontou reduções significativas no número de RM nos dois protocolos analisados quando comparados ao teste de 10RM (p<0,005 e p<0,001). Os resultados mostraram ainda não haver diferenças significativas para o TST em nenhuma das condições avaliadas. Conclusão: A ordem dos exercícios influenciou o número de repetições realizadas, embora não tenha afetado o tempo sob tensão.

Objective: was to analyze maximal repetitions (MR) and time under tension (TUT) between multi-joint to single-joint order and single-joint to multi-joint order in resistance exercises. Methods: Fifteen trained men (23.53 ± 2.07 years, 74.8 ± 5.1 kg, 173.8 ± 4.6cm) performed a 10RM test in the Bench Press (BP) and Arm Extension (AE). After 48h performed maximal repetitions for the same exercises in different orders, single-joint and multi-joint. In both protocols were measured the maximal repetitions (MR) and time under tension (TUT) only for the last exercise realized. Results: The paired Student's T test showed significant reductions for MR in both analyzed protocols when compared to the 10RM test (p <0.005 and p <0.001). The results showed that there were no significant differences for TUT in any of the conditions evaluated. Conclusion: The order of the exercises influenced the number of repetitions performed, although it did not affect the time under tension.

Evaluación de riesgos de manipulación repetitiva a alta frecuencia basada en análisis de esfuerzos dinámicos en las articulaciones sobre modelos humanos digitales / Risk assessment of high frequency repetitive handling based on dynamic stress analysis in joints of Digital human Models

El nuevo método desarrollado está dirigido a evaluar el riesgo derivado de la realización de tareas repetitivas a alta frecuencia. Utiliza un sistema de captura de movimiento basado en sensores inerciales, utilizable en los propios puestos de trabajo, que nos permite trasladar el movimiento a un modelo biomecánico de antropometría similar al sujeto observado. Incorpora un motor de cálculo de esfuerzos en las articulaciones, que tiene en cuenta las dimensiones antropométricas, las fuerzas externas, las reacciones en los puntos de apoyo, así como las fuerzas de inercia derivadas de las aceleraciones lineales y angulares alcanzadas durante la tarea. El resultado es un método predictivo de riesgo musculoesquelético que, a diferencia de otros métodos que requieren un trabajo muy minucioso (UNE 1005-3) a la hora de definir las acciones técnicas, reduce drásticamente el proceso de análisis ya que el proceso es automático, y no está influenciado por la subjetividad del evaluador.

The new method developed is aimed at assessing the risk from repetitive tasks at high frequency. It uses a motion capture system based on inertial sensors for use in their own jobs, which allows us to transfer the movement to a biomechanical model similar to the observed subject anthropometry. Incorporates a calculation engine of efforts in joints, considerating the anthropometric dimensions, external forces, the reactions in the support points, as well as the inertial forces arising from linear and angular accelerations encountered during the task. The result is a musculoskeletal risk predictive method which, unlike other methods that require a very thorough job (UNE 1005-3) for defining the technical actions, dramatically reduces the analysis process because the process is automated, and is not influenced by the subjectivity of the evaluator.

Analysis of kinematic, kinetic and electromyographic patterns during root canal preparation with rotary and manual instruments

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the muscular activity during root canal preparation through kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography (EMG). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The operators prepared one canal with RaCe rotary instruments and another with Flexo-files. The kinematics of the major joints was reconstructed using an optoelectronic system and electromyographic responses of the flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis, brachioradialis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, middle deltoid, and upper trapezius were recorded. The joint torques of the shoulder, elbow and wrist were calculated using inverse dynamics. In the kinematic analysis, angular movements of the wrist and elbow were classified as low risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. With respect to the shoulder, the classification was medium-risk. RESULTS: There was no significant difference revealed by the kinetic reports. The EMG results showed that for the middle deltoid and upper trapezius the rotary instrumentation elicited higher values. The flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis, as well as the brachioradialis showed a higher value with the manual method. CONCLUSION: The muscular recruitment for accomplishment of articular movements for root canal preparation with either the rotary or manual techniques is distinct. Nevertheless, the rotary instrument presented less difficulty in the generation of the joint torque in each articulation, thus, presenting a greater uniformity of joint torques.

Correlación entre el Puntaje Obtenido en la Prueba "Timed up and go" y Momentos Articulares del Miembro Inferior Registrados Durante la Transferencia de Sedente a Bípedo en Adultos Mayores con Antecedentes de Caídas Frecuentes / Correlation between the Scores of "Timed up and go" Test and Registered Joint Moments of Lower Limb During the Sit-to-Stand Transfer in Elderly with Antecedents of Frequent Falls

Los cambios producidos durante el envejecimiento predisponen al adulto mayor a las caídas frecuentes, en el ambiente clínico el riesgo de caída es valorado mediante pruebas clínicas que muchas veces carecen de poder analítico, por lo cual es necesario describir cual de dichas pruebas puede tener mayor relación con parámetros biomecánicos analíticos con la finalidad de conferirle a dichas pruebas funcionales tales características. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la existencia de correlación entre los puntajes obtenidos en la prueba funcional "Timed up and go" (TUG) y momentos articulares del miembro inferior obtenidos durante la ejecución de la transferencia de sedente a bípedo (TSB) en sujetos adultos mayores con antecedentes de caídas frecuentes. Se obtuvo una muestra de 30 voluntarios, todos adultos mayores con antecedentes de caídas frecuentes, los que fueron evaluados con la prueba funcional de TUG. También se evaluó mediante un sistema de análisis de movimiento la TSB donde se registraron los parámetros biomecánicos necesarios para determinar los momentos articulares del miembro inferior. Existió una correlación significativa (r=-0,39; p=0,03) entre el puntaje obtenido en el TUG y el momento articular máximo de rodilla. Para la muestra evaluada, el tiempo de ejecución de la prueba "Timed up and go" fue indicador de la capacidad de generar momento articular por parte de los músculos flexo-extensores de rodilla en sujetos con antecedentes de caídas frecuentes.

The changes that take place during aging predispose the elder adult to frequent falls. In clinical practice fall risk is assessed by clinical tests that many times lack analytical power, therefore making it necessary to describe which of the clinical tests are related to the analytical biomechanical parameters in order to assign such characteristics to these functional tests. The objective of this work was to describe the existence of a correlation between the score of the functional test "Timed up and go" (TUG) and the joint moments of lower limb obtained during the execution of the sit to stand (STS) transfer in elderly subjects with a history of frequent falls. A sample of 30 volunteers was obtained; all were elders with a history of frequent falls. They were assessed with the functional test of TUG. Also assessed were the joint moments of the lower limb with motion analysis system. There is significant correlation (r=0.39; p=0.03) between the score obtained in the TUG and the maximum joint moment of the knee. For the sample assessed, the time of execution of the test "Timed up and go" was indicative of the capacity to generate a joint moment by the flexion-extensor muscles of the knee in subjects with a history of frequent falls.

The analysis of variation of Han female adolescent bone development in Henan and Zhejiang province / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the difference of Han female adolescent bone development in Henan and Zhejiang province.@*METHODS@#All radiography including sternal end of clavicle and six main bone joints were taken from 599 female adolescents with age between 12 to 19 in Henan and Zhejiang province. Twenty four skeletal development indexes were analyzed based on "The Grading Standards" of skeletal growth of teenagers and then the bone age were calculated using mathematical model functions. The ratios of the bone age and the chronological age were analyzed by statistical software.@*RESULTS@#The development of Henan female adolescents' skeleton was about 0.39 years earlier than that in Zhejiang at the age of 14-15 years old. The development of Henan female adolescents' skeleton was about 0.37 years later than that in Zhejiang at the age of 15-16 years old. The development of Henan female adolescents' skeleton was about 0.38 years later than that in Zhejiang at the age of 18-19 years old. There was no statistics significance in other age group.@*CONCLUSION@#The female adolescent bone development in Henan province is faster at earlier stage and then slower than that in Zhejiang province. The results provide potential value for the forensic medicine, anthropology and clinical medicine.

Comparative evaluation of effectiveness of different motor muscles in modified lasso procedure for correction of finger clawing

A retrospective study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of different muscles as motors in modified lasso procedures for correction of finger clawing in leprosy. It was observed that palmaris longus and extensor carpi radialis longus were more suitable than the flexor digitorum superficialis. In some patients, removal of superficialis is associated with complications which could not be predicted before surgery. Extensor carpi radialis longus has advantages over palmaris longus in selected cases.

Teste de sentar-levantar: apresentação de um procedimento para avaliação em medicina do exercício e do esporte / Sitting-rising: introduction of a new procedure for evaluation in exercise and sports medicine

A prática regular de atividade física é associada a maior quantidade e qualidade de vida da população. É sabido ainda que a sensação de bem-estar pessoal relaciona-se com a qualidade de vida orientada para a saúde e com a autonomia para a vida. Há consenso de que uma boa aptidão física depende não somente de níveis de potência máxima aeróbica satisfatórios, mas também de padrões apropriados de força e potência muscular, de flexibilidade e de estabilidade postural. É, portanto, conveniente que, do ponto de vista clínico e de saúde pública, existam instrumentos de rastreamento simples e com alta sensibilidade que permitam a avaliação dessas variáveis no âmbito de um consultório. O propósito deste artigo é apresentar o Teste de sentar-levantar (TSL). O TSL consiste, simplesmente, em quantificar quantos apoios (mãos e/ou joelhos ou, ainda, mãos ou antebraçõs em joelhos), o indivíduo utiliza para sentar e levantar do chão. Atribuem-se notas independentes para cada um dos dois atos - sentar e levantar. A nota máxima é 5 para um dos dois atos, perdendo-se ponto para cada apoio ou ainda meio ponto para qualquer desequilíbrio perceptível. O TSL permite, em pouco tempo e em praticamente qualquer lugar, avaliar vários itens - flexibilidade das articulações dos membros inferiores, equilíbrio, coordenação motora e relação entre potência muscular e peso corporal - de uma vez só, no que talvez possa ser caracterizado como aptidão muscular funcional mínima. Pode ser aplicado em consultórios, escolas, academias e organizações militares. Com base nos resultados do TSL, porfissionais de saúde terão provalvelmente melhores meios para estimular a adoção de estilos de vida mais ativos e para orientar, de forma mais científica, programas de atividade física

Pre-and postjunctional alpha-adrenoceptors in rabbit articular blood vessels

Previous in vitro work on rabbit knee joint vessels showed that vasoconstrictor effects of nerve stimulation and administration of a-adrenoceptor agonists were mediated predominantly by alpha1-adrenoceptors. The present experiments were performed to assess the nature of alpha -adrenoceptor subtypes within these blood vessels in vivo. Dose/response relationships for adrenaline and noradrenaline produced a similar pattern of increasing constriction of articular vessels with increasing doses of drug. The alpha 1 agonist phenylephrine also produced dose-dependent constrictor responses which were diminished by prazosin. Using the alpha 2 agonists clonidine and UK -14304, responses in vivo differed from those previously observed in vitro. There was virtually no response to clonidine in vitro while responses were obvious in vivo. Although UK-14304 was found to have small effects in vitro, but only at high doses, this agent exerted more potent effects in vivo, significantly greater than those obtained with phenylephrine. Responses to the alpha 2 agonists were not altered significantly by prazosin but were reduced by rauwolscine. Following injection of UK-14304, the constrictor response to nerve stimulation was reduced. The results suggest that both alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenoceptors are present postjunctionally within articular blood vessels, and also that prejunctional alpha 2 receptors are present which presumably regulate neurotransmitter release from sympathetic nerve endings in the joint capsule

Amplitude de movimentaçäo passiva articular no recém-nascido normal / Range of articular passive motion in normal newborn

Foi avaliada a movimentaçäo passiva articular de 62 recém-nascidos hígidos (26 masculinos e 36 femininos). As articulaçöes estudadas foram: tornozelo, joelho, quadril, ombro, cotovelo e coluna cervical. Em todos os neonatos encontrou-se contractura em flexäo do joelho (x=26-), quadril (x=26-) e cotovelo (x= 24-). No tornozelo, as flexöes dorsal e plantar se equivaleram e, no cotovelo, a pronaçäo e supinaçäo variaram muito pouco, aproximando-se de 90-. A coluna cervical apresentou flexäo média de 45- e extensäo média de 53-. As rotaçöes sempre foram livres, com média de 90-

Bone and Joint Circulation Physiological Basis for Clinical Practice

No abstract available.

A fisiologia osteoarticular / Osteoarticular physiology

Apresenta-se, de forma bastante didática, um estudo sobre aspectos fisiológicos osteoarticulares