Evaluación de los contenidos de los gestores de información y conocimiento en el Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas-Universidad de la Habana / Contents assessment of information and knowledge managers at the Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technologies-University of Havana

Resumen Evaluar el funcionamiento de los gestores de información y conocimiento implementados en el Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas (InSTEC) es el objetivo de la investigación. Ello, no solo posibilita el mejoramiento futuro del desempeño de estos, sino también sirve como estudio preliminar para la inserción de otros gestores en el futuro. Los métodos de análisis documental y evaluación heurística sustentan las bases teóricas, mientras que las herramientas automáticas Nibbler, GooglePageRank, SEOptimer, Website Grader, la entrevista y las encuestas a usuarios evidencian el desempeño de los gestores. Los resultados revelaron que la calidad del sitio externo y de la intranet obtuvo 69,4% de competencia global. Varios de los indicadores de estos sitios se deben perfeccionar en aras de brindar un mejor servicio a los usuarios del Instituto en la gestión de la información y el conocimiento, tan necesaria en las universidades.

Abstract The papers goal is to assess the already implemented information and knowledge managers at InSTEC. This allows improving the managers future work, and serves as a preliminary study for including others in the future. Documentary analysis and heuristics evaluation methods are the theoretical basis; meanwhile, automatic tools Nibbler, GooglePageRank, SEOptimer, Website Grader, interviews and polls to users evidenced the actual development of both sites. The studys outcomes revealed the quality of InSTECs external website and its intranet achieved 69,4 % of general competency. These sites indicators must be enhanced to provide a better service to users in the information and knowledge management so needed in universities.

Potential application of a knowledgebase of iron metabolism of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans as an alternative platform

BACKGROUND: Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is a facultative anaerobe that depends on ferrous ion oxidation as well as reduced sulfur oxidation to obtain energy and is widely applied in metallurgy, environmental protection, and soil remediation. With the accumulation of experimental data, metabolic mechanisms, kinetic models, and several databases have been established. However, scattered data are not conducive to understanding A. ferrooxidans that necessitates updated information informed by systems biology. RESULTS: Here, we constructed a knowledgebase of iron metabolism of A. ferrooxidans (KIMAf) system by integrating public databases and reviewing the literature, including the database of bioleaching substrates (DBS), the database of bioleaching metallic ion-related proteins (MIRP), the A. ferrooxidans bioinformation database (Af-info), and the database for dynamics model of bioleaching (DDMB). The DBS and MIRP incorporate common bioleaching substrates and metal ion-related proteins. Af-info and DDMB integrate nucleotide, gene, protein, and kinetic model information. Statistical analysis was performed to elucidate the distribution of isolated A. ferrooxidans strains, evolutionary and metabolic advances, and the development of bioleaching models. CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive system provides researchers with a platform of available iron metabolism-related resources of A. ferrooxidans and facilitates its application.

Tecnología Educativa para el Docente Bibliotecario / Educational Technology for the Library Teacher

Resumen La identidad del docente bibliotecario en el contexto de la Sociedad del Conocimiento se configura a través de nuevos sentidos, dado el desarrollo de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación. En este marco, resulta necesario reconstruir el quehacer de su oficio, frente a los múltiples escenarios digitales, las formas de búsqueda, selección y socialización de la información, a partir del uso de internet. Este análisis se articula a los planteos del campo de la Tecnología Educativa, desde donde se comprenden los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje y la transmisión de la cultura mediada por tecnologías, fundamentalmente en los ámbitos educativos, entre ellos, la biblioteca escolar. En tal sentido, las transformaciones culturales no sólo resignifican los espacios escolares, sino también las prácticas de lectoescritura y las posiciones pedagógicas del profesional de la bibliotecología.

Abstract The identity of the library teacher in the context of the Knowledge Society is configured through new senses, given the development of Information and Communication Technologies. In this context, it is necessary to reconstruct the work of his trade, facing the multiple digital scenarios, the forms of search, selection and socialization of information, from the use of the internet. This analysis is articulated to the approaches of the field of Educational Technology, from where the teaching and learning processes and the transmission of culture mediated by technologies are understood, fundamentally in educational contexts, in which libraries are also involved. In this sense, cultural transformations not only resignify school spaces, but also the practices of literacy and pedagogical function of the library science professional.

Auditoría del conocimiento orientada a los procesos y al desarrollo profesional en la Editorial Ciencias Médicas / Knowledge audit of processes and professional development at the Medical Sciences Publishing House

Esta auditoría pretendió identificar el conocimiento presente en los procesos principales de la Editorial Ciencias Médicas y el comportamiento de un conjunto de indicadores acerca del desarrollo profesional, que permiten valorar la proyección actual y futura del conocimiento, así como conocer algunos aspectos en que se deben potenciar para contribuir a asegurar la actuación futura de la institución. Se empleó una metodología desarrollada por Ponjuán para valorar el conocimiento presente en los procesos actuales e identificar el comportamiento de sus trabajadores en relación con el desarrollo profesional. Se identificó el conocimiento que se aplica en todos los procesos principales de la organización, así como el comportamiento de la composición profesional del personal, su experiencia laboral y en la institución, el tiempo que dedican a su actualización, su visibilidad en eventos y redes sociales, entre otros. Los puntos fuertes y débiles de la institución, así como la identificación del conocimiento que se necesita en cada proceso, permitieron sugerir a la institución determinados aspectos relativos al conocimiento, su retención, los procesos organizacionales y los componentes humanos y tecnológicos necesarios. Estos resultados permiten conocer mejor a la organización y facilitan la introducción de un programa de gestión del conocimiento al conocer, con mayor profundidad y desde diferentes miradas, las debilidades y las fortalezas existentes relacionadas con el conocimiento necesario y su aplicación en los procesos internos, así como algunas características del desarrollo profesional(AU)

The audit intended to identify the knowledge underlying the main processes performed at the Medical Sciences Publishing House and the behavior of a number of indicators related to professional development which make it possible to assess the current status and future projection of knowledge, as well as become acquainted with areas to be strengthened to contribute to ensure the future performance of the institution. The study was based on a methodology developed by Ponjuán, to assess the knowledge base supporting current processes and identify the behavior of workers in relation to professional development. Identification was made of the knowledge applied in all the main processes of the organization, as well as the behavior of the professional composition of the personnel, their work experience in general and at the institution, the time they devote to their updating, and their visibility in conferences and the social networks, among other factors. The strengths and weaknesses of the institution, as well as identification of the knowledge needed in each process, allowed to suggest a number of aspects related to knowledge, its retention, the organizational processes, and the human and technological components required. These results make it possible to know the organization better and facilitate the introduction of a Knowledge Management program based on a more profound understanding from various perspectives of the current weaknesses and strengths in terms of the knowledge required and its application in internal processes, as well as some characteristics of professional development(AU)

Design and Construction of a NLP Based Knowledge Extraction Methodology in the Medical Domain Applied to Clinical Information / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: This research presents the design and development of a software architecture using natural language processing tools and the use of an ontology of knowledge as a knowledge base. METHODS: The software extracts, manages and represents the knowledge of a text in natural language. A corpus of more than 200 medical domain documents from the general medicine and palliative care areas was validated, demonstrating relevant knowledge elements for physicians. RESULTS: Indicators for precision, recall and F-measure were applied. An ontology was created called the knowledge elements of the medical domain to manipulate patient information, which can be read or accessed from any other software platform. CONCLUSIONS: The developed software architecture extracts the medical knowledge of the clinical histories of patients from two different corpora. The architecture was validated using the metrics of information extraction systems.

An analysis of medical students’ reflective essays in problem-based learning / 한국의학교육

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore students’ learning experience in problem-based learning (PBL) particularly in terms of what they learned and how they learned in one Korean medical school by analyzing their reflective essays with qualitative research methods. METHODS: This study included 44 first-year medical students. They took three consecutive PBL courses and wrote reflective essays 3 times anonymously on the last day of each course. Their reflective essays were analyzed using an inductive content analysis method. RESULTS: The coding process yielded 16 sub-categories and these categories were grouped into six categories according to the distinctive characteristics of PBL learning experience: integrated knowledge base, clinical problem solving, collaboration, intrinsic motivation, self-directed learning, and professional attitude. Among these categories, integrated knowledge base (34.68%) and professional attitude (2.31%) were the categories mentioned most and least frequently. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study provide an overall understanding of the learning experience of Korean medical students during PBL in terms of what they learned and how they learned with rich descriptive commentaries from their perspectives as well as several thoughtful insights to help develop instructional strategies to enhance the effectiveness of PBL.

An International Curriculum and Behavioural Neurology / Un currículo internacional para neuropsiquiatría y neurología conductual

Abstract With major advances in neuroscience in the last three decades, there is an emphasis on understanding disturbances in thought, behaviour and emotion in terms of their neuroscientific underpinnings. While psychiatry and neurology, both of which deal with brain diseases, have a historical standing as distinct disciplines, there has been an increasing need to have a combined neuropsychiatric approach to deal with many conditions and disorders. Additionally, there is a body of disorders and conditions that warrants the skills sets and knowledge bases of both disciplines. This is the territory covered by the subspecialty of Neuropsychiatry from a 'mental' health perspective and Behavioural Neurology from a 'brain' health perspective. This paper elaborates the neuropsychiatric approach to dealing with brain diseases, but also argues for the delineation of a neuropsychiatric territory. In the process, it describes a curriculum for the training of a neuropsychiatrist or a behavioural neurologist who is competent in providing a unified approach to the diagnosis and management of this set of conditions and disorders. The paper describes in some detail the objectives of training in neuropsychiatry and the key competencies that should be achieved in such higher training after a foundational training in psychiatry and neurology. While aiming for an internationally relevant training program, the paper acknowledges the local and regional differences in training expertise and requirements. It provides a common framework of training for both Neuropsychiatry and Behavioural Neurology, while accepting the differences in skills and emphasis that basic training in psychiatry or neurology will bring to the subspecialty training. The future of Neuropsychiatry (or Behavioural Neurology) as a discipline will be influenced by the successful adoption of such a unified training curriculum.

Resumen Los grandes avances en las neurociencias en las últimas 3 décadas han hecho hincapié en la comprensión de las perturbaciones en el pensamiento, el comportamiento y las emociones. Mientras que la psiquiatría y la neurología se ocupan de enfermedades del cerebro, recientemente ha habido una creciente necesidad de tener un enfoque neuropsiquiátrico combinado para tratar muchos trastornos. Además, hay múltiples condiciones en las que confluyen habilidades y bases de conocimiento de ambas disciplinas. Este es el territorio cubierto por la subespecialidad de Neuropsiquiatría desde una perspectiva de salud «mental¼ y la Neurología Conductual desde una perspectiva de salud «cerebral¼. Este artículo elabora el enfoque neuropsiquiátrico para tratar las enfermedades cerebrales, pero también discute los límites del territorio neuropsiquiátrico. En este proceso, se describe un currículo para la formación de un neuropsiquiatra o un neurólogo conductual competente para proveer un abordaje integral en términos diagnósticos y terapéuticos. El documento describe con cierto detalle los objetivos de la formación en neuropsiquiatría y las competencias clave que se debe alcanzar en dicha formación superior, después de una formación inicial en psiquiatría y neurología. Al mismo tiempo que aspira a un programa de formación internacionalmente pertinente, el documento reconoce las diferencias locales y regionales en materia de conocimientos y requisitos de formación. Proporciona un marco común de formación tanto para la Neuropsiquiatría como para la Neurología Conductual, aceptando las diferencias en habilidades y el énfasis que la formación básica en psiquiatría o neurología traerá a la formación de la subespecialidad. El futuro de la Neuropsiquiatría (o Neurología Conductual) como disciplina estará influido por la instauración exitosa de un currículo de capacitación unificado.

Geriatria: Medicina do Século XXI? / Geriatrics: Medicine of the 21st Century?

Modelo do estudo: estudo analítico sobre progressos ocorridos na área da Geriatria brasileira no período entre o fim do século XX e o momento atual. Objetivo: narrar fatos e dados significativos para a implementação dessa especialidade médica no cotidiano da prática clínica no Brasil. Resultados: o desenvolvimento de serviços e disciplinas de Geriatria agregados ao meio universitário promoveu concomitantemente a produção de dissertações e teses, programas de residência médica em Geriatria, aumento do número de médicos titulados em Geriatria pela Sociedade Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia/Associação Médica Brasileira e publicações (livros e artigos) de boa qualidade e com as peculiaridades do cuidar do idoso no Brasil. Conclusão: O estudo e a atenção ao idoso no Brasil cresceram de forma positiva nas últimas três décadas, produzindo massa crítica e pesquisas de qualidade, tornando no Brasil a Gerontologia e a Geriatria área do conhecimento com o rosto do país. (AU)

Study model: an analytical study on progress in the area of Brazilian Geriatrics in the period between the end of the 20th century and the present moment. Objective: narrate facts and significant data for the implementation of this medical specialty in the routine of clinical practice in Brazil. Results: Geriatrics services and disciplines added to the university environment promoted concurrently the production of dissertations and theses, medical residency programs in Geriatrics, increase in the number of Geriatricians by the Brazilian Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology (Sociedade Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia) / Brazilian Medical Association (Associação Médica Brasileira) and Publications (books and articles) of good quality and with the peculiarities of caring for the elderly in Brazil. Conclusion: The study and attention to the elderly in Brazil has grown positively in the last three decades. Considering that a critical mass of professionals has been reached and quality research is being produced Gerontology & Geriatrics has become an area of knowledge typical in the country. (AU)

Nivel de información sobre el síndrome de declinación de la función testicular en el envejecimiento masculino / Level of information on the declining testicular function syndrome in male aging

Introducción: el síndrome de declinación de la función testicular del hombre que envejece ha cobrado relevancia reciente, pero se asume que se conoce poco. Objetivo: identificar el nivel de información, en población y proveedores de salud, sobre este síndrome. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal, que involucró a 452 personas de población general, 109 médicos especialistas afines al tema y 406 de atención primaria. Se emplearon cuestionarios autoadministrados, estadísticas descriptivas y prueba chi2. Resultados: de la muestra poblacional 70,30 por ciento de las mujeres y 56,0 por ciento de los hombres reconocieron que el hombre experimenta un proceso equivalente al climaterio femenino; 64,04 por ciento no conocía los síntomas y 47,12 por ciento de los hombres mayores de 40 años señalaron edad de comienzo superior a la suya. De los especialistas afines, solo 10 habían oído hablar de todos los términos que se emplean para referirse al síndrome, 77,06 por ciento habían escuchado frecuentemente andropausia y 70,65 por ciento climaterio masculino; 27,52 por ciento dio definiciones incorrectas. De atención primaria, 28,57 por ciento no reconoció ningún término, 21,18 por ciento había escuchado frecuentemente andropausia y 19,95 por ciento climaterio masculino; 51,7 por ciento no definió correctamente el síndrome. El 74,14 por ciento no mencionó síntomas, 76,85 por ciento señaló contraindicaciones excesivas al tratamiento y 85,22 por ciento valoró su conocimiento como insuficiente. El nivel de información no se relacionó con edad, sexo o tiempo de graduado (p> 0,05). Conclusiones: la población, principalmente las mujeres, reconoce el síndrome, pero no domina sus manifestaciones. En médicos, con independencia de la edad, sexo o tiempo de graduado, la información se limita mayoritariamente a términos como andropausia y climaterio masculino; el dominio conceptual, del cuadro clínico y tratamiento, es insuficiente(AU)

Introduction: declining testicular function syndrome of the aging man has gained recent relevance but it is accepted that little is known about it. Objective: to find out the level of information of the population and of the health providers on this syndrome. Methods: cross-sectional and descriptive study involving 452 people from the general population, 109 medical specialists related to this topic and 406 primary care physicians. Self-administered questionnaires, summary statistics and chi-square test were all used. Results: in the population sample, 70.30 percent of women and 56 percent of men admitted that man experiences a process similar to the female climaterium; 64.04 percent did not know the symptoms and 47.12 percent of men older than 40 years stated that this process occurred at an age above that of theirs. As to the related specialists, just 10 had heard about all the terms used to mention this syndrome, 77.06 percent had often heard the term andropause and 70.65 percent the term male climaterium, and 27.52 percent gave incorrect definitions. In the primary health care physician group, 28.57 percent did not recognize any term, 21.18 percent had frequently heard about andropause and 19.95 percent about male climaterium, and 51.7 percent did not give a correct definition of the syndrome. In the sample 74.14 percent did not mention any symptom, 76.85 percent pointed out excessive treatment contraindications and 85.22 percent assessed their knowledge as poor. The level of information was not associated to age, sex or time of graduation (p> 0.05). Conclusions: the population, mainly women, recognizes the syndrome but did not know well the symptoms. Regardless of age, sex or time of graduation, the physicians' information about the syndrome is mostly limited to terms such as andropause and male climaterium but they did not master the concept, the clinical picture or the treatment(AU)

Atividade de treinador de futebol no Brasil: ofício ou profissão? / Soccer coach activity in Brazil: craft or profession

O futebol ocupa lugar de destaque no cenário desportivo brasileiro. Baseado em informações científicas e legislativas, quais os requisitos para ocupar o cargo de treinador de futebol no Brasil? Ao considerar a problemática entre o modelo artesanal e o científico em relação à ambiguidade de formação nos perfis de treinadores de futebol, o ponto de vista apresenta como objetivo discutir acerca dos requisitos exigidos para atuar como treinador de futebol no Brasil e sua relação com a legislação e a formação profissional em Educação Física embasada na literatura científica. Do ponto de vista da Lei vigente sobre a profissão de treinador, observa-se que não há obrigatoriedade do treinador ser graduado em Educação Física, apenas indica a preferência. Enquanto que a literatura científica defende a utilização do conhecimento científico adquirido em cursos universitários para o melhor desempenho e concretização dos objetivos propostos por esses treinadores em sua prática cotidiana de trabalho. O não reconhecimento e a desvalorização do treinador de futebol pelos clubes e pela sociedade são procedentes da falta de consenso legislativo e da recente profissionalização da Educação Física. Em conclusão, sugerimos que o debate e as reflexões acerca deste assunto sejam aprofundados para que este impasse seja solucionado e favoreça os envolvidos neste processo: os treinadores, os atletas, o futebol e a Educação Física...(AU)

Soccer occupies a prominent place in the Brazilian sports scene. Based on scientific and legislative information, including the requirements for the position of soccer coach in Brazil? In considering the problems of the craft model and scientific in relation to the formation of ambiguity in soccer coaches profiles, the view has as objective to discuss about the conditions required to work as a soccer coach in Brazil and its relationship with the law and training in Physical Education grounded in the scientific literature. From the point of view of the existing Law on the coaching profession, it is observed that there is no obligation coach be graduated in Physical Education, only indicates the preference. While the scientific literature supports the use of scientific knowledge acquired in college courses for the best performance and achievement of the objectives proposed by these coaches in their daily work practice. The non-recognition and devaluation of the soccer coach by the clubs and society are coming from lack of legislative consensus and the recent professionalization of Physical Education. In conclusion, we suggest that the debate and reflections on this subject are deepened to this impasse is resolved and promote those involved in this process: the coaches, athletes, soccer and Physical Education...(AU)

Hemoglobinas variantes na área médica e no discurso cotidiano: um olhar sobre raça, nação e genética no Brasil contemporâneo / Variant haemoglobins in medical and everyday discourses: race, nation and genetics in contemporary Brazil

Resumo Este artigo analisa a relação entre discursos médicos e noções cotidianas sobre raça, população e nação. Para isso, tomo como estudo de caso a comparação entre o uso dessas categorias na produção de artigos acadêmicos de dois renomados hematologistas brasileiros sobre a presença de hemoglobinas variantes patológicas no Brasil e a compreensão que famílias de pacientes diagnosticados com doença falciforme têm dessas mesmas questões. A comparação permite mostrar não só como os discursos da medicina influenciam o modo como questões relacionadas a raça e hereditariedade são compreendidas pelo público mais amplo, mas também a impossibilidade de separar em ambos casos, tanto na produção médica quanto nas falas dos pacientes, as noções sobre raça e hereditariedade de ideias mais amplas sobre o passado e o futuro da nação.

Abstract This article analyses the relationship between medical discourses and everyday notions of race, population and nation, using as case study the comparison between the use of these categories in medical articles of two renowned Brazilian haematologists on the presence of pathological variant haemoglobins in Brazil and the understanding of families of patients diagnosed with sickle-cell anaemia on the same questions. Through this comparison it is possible to see not only how medical discourses influence everyday notions of race and heredity, but also how in both cases these notions are inextricable from wider ideas about the past and future of the Brazilian nation.

Combined approaches using adverse outcome pathways and big data to find potential diseases associated with humidifier disinfectant

According to previous survey, about two million of people were expected to suffer from toxic effects due to humidifier disinfectant (HD), regardless of healing or not. Extremely small group are recognized as HDs’ victims. Up to now, previous research tried to focus on interstitial fibrosis on terminal bronchiole because it is specific finding, compared with other diseases. To figure out overall effects from HDs, we recommend adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) as new approach. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, decreased T-cell and pro-inflammatory cytokine release from macrophage could be key events between the exposure to HDs and diseases. ROS generation, decreased cell and pro-inflammatory cytokine release from macrophage could be cause of interstitial fibrosis, pneumonia and many other diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis, fetal death, premature baby, autoimmune disease, hepatic toxicity, renal toxicity, cancer, and so on. We predict potential disease candidate by AOPs. We can validate the real risk of the adverse outcome by epidemiologic and toxicologic study using big data such as National Health Insurance data and AOPs knowledge base. Application of these kinds of new methods can find the potential disease list from the exposure to HD.

Medical ethics education in the medical school curriculum

In the past 30 years, medical ethics education has emerged as a high-priority subject in Korea. This article provides a general overview of medical ethics education in the medical school curriculum. The author supports the idea that the goal of medical ethics education should be to equip physicians with a knowledge base for analyzing and resolving ethical dilemmas as a core element of the profession. The core elements already have been delineated by the textbook of medical ethics that is in use, and can be applied in contexts including theoretical work, specific areas of application, and problematic clinical cases. This field requires a multidisciplinary approach and should be integrated throughout the entire curriculum of medical school. Ethical theory and knowledge-based approaches should be studied as a basic course, and case studies and ethical debates should incorporated into applied clinical training courses. The grade system is suitable for the knowledge-based approach, while pass-fail evaluations are suitable for small-group discussions of case studies. A team-based approach including both ethicists specializing in philosophy and physicians would be helpful in teaching medical ethics. Progress in ethics education may depend on medical schools to invest in faculty development and to allocate resources accordingly. Ethics education should be treated as a course in professionalism, and should also be incorporated into continuing medical education programs after graduation from medical school.

Identification of viridans streptococci With Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption & Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry by an In-house Method and a Commercially Available System

Two matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS)-based methods were compared for their ability to identify viridans streptococci. One approach employed a reference database and software developed in-house. All inhouse measurements were performed using an Autoflex II Instrument (Bruker Daltonics GmbH, Germany). The other system, a VITEK-MS (BioMérieux, France) was operated on the commercially available V2.0 Knowledge Base for Clinical Use database. Clinical isolates of viridans streptococci (n=184) were examined. Discrepant results were resolved by 16S rDNA sequencing. Species-level identification percentages were compared by a chi-square test. The in-house method correctly identified 179 (97%) and 175 (95%) isolates to the group and species level respectively. In comparison, the VITEK-MS system correctly identified 145 (79%) isolates to the group and species level. The difference between the two methods was statistically significant at both group and species levels. Using the Autoflex II instrument combined with an extraction method instead of whole cell analysis resulted in more reliable viridans streptococci identification. Our results suggest that combining extraction with powerful analysis software and the careful choice of well-identified strains included into the database was useful for identifying viridans streptococci species.

Combined approaches using adverse outcome pathways and big data to find potential diseasesassociated with humidifier disinfectant

According to previous survey, about two million of people were expected to suffer from toxic effects due to humidifier disinfectant (HD), regardless of healing or not. Extremely small group are recognized as HDs’ victims. Up to now, previous research tried to focus on interstitial fibrosis on terminal bronchiole because it is specific finding, compared with other diseases. To figure out overall effects from HDs, we recommend adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) as new approach. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, decreased T-cell and pro-inflammatory cytokine release from macrophage could be key events between the exposure to HDs and diseases. ROS generation, decreased cell and pro-inflammatory cytokine release from macrophage could be cause of interstitial fibrosis, pneumonia and many other diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis, fetal death, premature baby, autoimmune disease, hepatic toxicity, renal toxicity, cancer, and so on. We predict potential disease candidate by AOPs. We can validate the real risk of the adverse outcome by epidemiologic and toxicologic study using big data such as National Health Insurance data and AOPs knowledge base. Application of these kinds of new methods can find the potential disease list from the exposure to HD.

Using ontologies to retrieve health evidence information from clinical notes / Uso de ontologias para recuperar informação de evidência em saúde a partir de notas clínicas / El uso de ontologías para recuperar información de evidencia em salud a partir de las notas clínicas

Objective: To present a strategy to search evidence databases directly from clinical notes, thus relieving health professionals from performing searches. Method: An ontology related to health domain, specifically for the domain of adult asthma, was developed to illustrate how to extract search terms from clinical notes. Another ontology was developed to describe evidence databases. Results: Synthetic notes, simulating clinical conditions for patients with respiratory diseases, were used to search information from two evidence databases, PubMed and PEDro. SPARQL queries were automatically generated to connect both ontologies. Conclusion: This scenario demonstrated how to search for evidence from electronic health records notes, helping health professionals to receive relevant information while they assist patients.

Objetivo: Apresentar uma estratégia para pesquisar bases de evidências a partir de notas clínicas, aliviando os profissionais de saúde da tarefa de elaborar buscas. Método: Uma ontologia no domínio da saúde, especificamente sobre asma em adultos, foi desenvolvida para ilustrar como obter informação para a estratégia de busca a partir das notas clínicas. Outra ontologia captura informações sobre as bases de evidências. Resultados: Notas sintéticas, simulando condições clínicas de pacientes com doenças respiratórias, foram utilizadas para buscar informação em duas bases de evidências distintas, PubMed e PEDro. Consultas em SPARQL foram automaticamente geradas para conectar as ontologias. Conclusão: Este cenário demonstrou a viabilidade de procurar por evidências a partir de registros eletrônicos de saúde, ajudando os profissionais de saúde a obter informações relevantes enquanto atendem pacientes.

Objetivo: Presentar una estrategia para buscar bases de evidencia directamente de las notas clínicas, creadas en los registros electrónicos de salud, con ontologías para capturar conocimiento relacionado a la salud y a las bases de evidencia. Método: Una ontología, que se define para el dominio de la salud de asma del adulto, se utiliza para extraer información relevante de notas clínicas. Otra ontología captura información sobre bases de evidencia. Resultados: Notas simulando las condiciones clínicas para pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias se utilizaron para buscar información de dos bases de evidencia, PubMed y Pedro. Consultas SPARQL se generan automáticamente para conectar ambas ontologías. Conclusión: En este escenario se ha demostrado la viabilidad de la búsqueda de evidencia desde los registros electrónicos de salud, ayudando a los profesionales de salud para obtener información relevante al reunirse con pacientes.

Avaliação do grau de conhecimento sobre xerostomia em estudantes de graduação do curso de odontologia / Knowledge of the degree of evaluation about xerostomia in undergraduate students of dentistry

A xerostomia é uma alteração da saliva que causa sensação de ressecamento bucal, devido à produção di¬minuída de saliva. Dentre os fatores etiológicos, estão: a hipofunção das glândulas salivares, a ingestão de medicamentos, tratamento de radioterapia na região de cabeça e pescoço, stress, alcoolismo, fumo, emoções constantes, síndrome de Sjögren, dentre outras. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o grau de conheci¬mento sobre xerostomia dos alunos do último ano de graduação do curso de Odontologia do Centro Uni¬versitário de João Pessoa (UNIPÊ), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Caracteriza-se em um estudo quantitativo, exploratório e descritivo. Foram incluídos alunos de ambos os gêneros, maiores de 18 anos de idade, perten¬centes ao último ano do curso de graduação em Odontologia. O universo e amostra foram compostos por 62 alunos sendo 31 do gênero masculino (50%) e 31 do gênero feminino (50%). Observou-se que no questionário 100% dos alunos definiram corretamente a xerostomia. A maioria dos alunos conhecem as características da saliva e da xerostomia (91,4% e 87,9%, respectivamente), e 85,5% souberam indicar o correto tratamento da xerostomia. Diante dos resultados, conclui-se que foi satisfatório o grau de conhecimento dos alunos do último ano do curso de graduação em Odontologia sobre xerostomia

Among the etiological factors are: salivary glands hypofuntion, drugs ingestion, radiation treatment in the head and neck, stress, alcoholism, smoking, constant emotions, Sjögren's syndrome, among others. This research aimed to evaluate the degree of knowledge about xerostomia of undergraduate students from the last year of the dentistry course at Centro Universitário de João Pessoa (UNIPÊ), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. It is character¬ized in a quantitative, exploratory and descriptive study. Students from both genders were included, older than 18 years old, and belonging to the last year of the dentistry degree course. The universe and the sample was composed of 62 students, 31 male (50%) and 31 females (50%). It was noted that in the questionnaire, 100% of them correctly defined xerostomia. Most students know the characteristics of saliva and dry mouth (91.4% and 87.9%, respectively), and 85.5% could indicate the correct treatment of xerostomia. Given the results, it was concluded that the knowledge level of the last year students in the dentistry degree course about xerostomia was satisfactory

Conocimiento y creencias de mujeres del estado de Morelos sobre el virus del papiloma humano / Knowledge and beliefs of women from the state of Morelos about the human papilloma virus

Introducción: una enfermedad de transmisión sexual que afecta a un alto porcentaje de mujeres jóvenes de todo el mundo es la infección producida por virus papiloma humano. La falta de información asociada a diversos factores culturales, favorece el desarrollo de creencias que dificultan la prevención y diagnóstico oportunos. Objetivo: identificar el nivel de conocimiento y las creencias que tienen las mujeres del Estado de Morelos, México, sobre la transmisión, detección y tratamiento de la infección por virus del papiloma humano de acuerdo con la edad y el grado de escolaridad. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal a partir de un cuestionario aplicado a 690 mujeres en el estado de Morelos. Resultados: el nivel de conocimientos entre la mayoría de la población femenina fue de nivel medio, se incrementa en mujeres jóvenes y con mayor escolaridad. La creencia de que la detección de infección implica mayor gasto económico se presenta sin distinción de edad o nivel escolar. Conclusiones: los aspectos más conocidos sobre la infección por virus papiloma humano, es que es una infección de transmisión sexual, asociada a la aparición de verrugas en genitales y causante de cáncer cérvico uterino. Los menos conocidos son: que la infección es asintomática y que no existe tratamiento para eliminarla(AU)

Introduction: A sexually transmitted disease affecting a high percentage of young women worldwide in the infection produced by the human papilloma virus (HPV). The lack of information associated with different cultural factor favors the development of beliefs that limit timely prevention and diagnosis. Objective: Identify the level of knowledge and beliefs of women from the state of Morelos, Mexico, about the transmission, detection and treatment of HPV infection in accordance with their age and school level. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study with a survey conducted on 690 women on the state of Morelos. Results: The level of knowledge among most of the female population was average, increased in young women and those with higher school level. The belief that infection detection implies higher economic spends is present regardless age and school level. Conclusions: The most known aspects about HPV are that it is a sexually transmitted infection, associated to the onset of genital warts and causing cervical cancer. The least known are that the infection is asymptomatic and that there is no treatment to eliminate it(AU)

Nivel de conocimientos sobre Proceso de Atención de Enfermería en profesionales de enfermería del municipio Yara / Knowledge level about the nursing care plan in nursing professionals Yara municipality

Introducción: el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería es esencial en el método por el que se aplican las bases teóricas a la práctica profesional. Objetivo: evaluar el nivel de conocimientos sobre Proceso de Atención de Enfermería en profesionales de enfermería. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en Yara durante el año 2014. La muestra estuvo conformada por 122 enfermeras(os). La obtención de datos se realizó a través de una encuesta. Las variables utilizadas fueron: edad, sexo, área de trabajo, años de experiencia, percepción sobre utilidad del Proceso de Atención de Enfermería, vías de obtención de conocimiento y nivel de conocimientos. Para el análisis de los datos se calcularon distribuciones de frecuencias absolutas y relativas (porcentajes). Resultados: predominó el grupo etáreo de 40 a 49 años (48,36 por ciento), el sexo femenino (95,90 por ciento), el área de trabajo consultorio (56,55 por ciento); el 50,81 por ciento con 21 o más años de experiencia, el 51,63 por ciento valora la utilidad del proceso, el 71,31 por ciento recibió información de los docentes y el 24,59 por ciento obtuvo un buen nivel de conocimientos. El nivel de conocimiento fue regular para un 64,7 por ciento. Conclusiones: el nivel de conocimientos sobre el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería en profesionales de enfermería del municipio Yara es adecuado, aunque mejorable, principalmente en la identificación de las necesidades que afectan a los pacientes y la formulación de los diagnósticos de enfermería(AU)

Introduction: The Process of Attention of Infirmary; You become converted in essence in the method for the one that the theoretic bases apply themselves to professional practice. It is decided to accomplish this investigation for the insufficiencies in the knowledge level the nursing professionals on the care plan in nursing. cObjective: Evaluating the knowledge level on nursing care plan in nursing professionals. Methods: Descriptive transverse court's study in Yara during 2014. You were conformed in favor of 122 nurses (to you). The data acquisition came true through an opinion poll. The utilized variables matched: Age, sex, working space, years of experience, perception on utility of Attenction Process of nursing, roads of obtaining of knowledge and level of knowledge. They calculated absolute and relative frequency distributions for the analysis of the data (percentages). Results: Predominated the group etáreo of 40 to 49 years with a 48.36 percent the female sex 95.90 percent, the working space doctor's office with 69 for a 56.55 percent, the 50.81 percent with 21 or more years of experiences, the 51.63 percent the 71.31 percent appraises the utility of the process you received the teachers' information and the 24.59 percent got a good level from knowledge. The level of knowledge was not too bad not too good for a 64,7 percent. It was concluded that the knowledge that they possess are insufficient. Conclusions: The knowledge level on nursing care plan in nursing professionals in nursing professionals Yara municipality is adequate, but improvable principally in the identification of the needs affected in the patients and the formulation of the nursing diagnosises(AU)

Los enfermeros y la seguridad del paciente en la praxis hospitalaria / Os enfermeiros e a segurança do paciente na práxis hospitalar / Nurses and patient safety in hospital practice

Study of qualitative nature, with the aimof analyzing nurses' knowledge on patient safety in the hospital environment.Field research was conducted in October 2015 at a general hospital in the south of the state of Minas Gerais, by means of semi-structured interviews with 43 nurses.The data were analyzed with the use ofBardin'scontent analysis method, identifying two categories:nurses' knowledge on patient safety in hospital practice and patient safety in nursing practice:strengths/strategies and weaknesses/difficulties.The results pointed that nurses have knowledge on patient safety based on the World Health Organization and the Patient Safety National Program, and they demonstrated concern for aligning work processes and improving safety culture in health services (AU).

Estudo de natureza qualitativa, com o objetivo de analisar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre segurança do paciente no ambiente hospitalar. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em um hospital geral do sul de Minas Gerais, em outubro de 2015, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 43 enfermeiros. Os dados foram analisados utilizando a técnica de análise de conteúdo, conforme Bardin, identificando duas categorias: conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre segurança do paciente na práxis hospitalar e segurança do paciente na práxis do enfermeiro: fortalezas/estratégias e fragilidades/dificuldades. Os resultados apontam que os enfermeiros possuem o conhecimento sobre segurança do paciente embasado na Organização Mundial de Saúde e Programa Nacional de Segurança do Paciente e demonstram preocupação em alinhar os processos de trabalho e melhorar a cultura de segurança no serviço de saúde (AU).

Estudio de naturaleza cuantitativa, con el objetivo de analizar el conocimiento de los enfermeros sobre seguridad del paciente en el ámbito hospitalario. La investigación de campo fue realizada en un hospital general de Minas Gerais, en octubre de 2015, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 43 enfermeros. Datos analizados utilizando técnica de análisis de contenido según Bardin, identificándose dos categorías: conocimiento de los enfermeros sobre seguridad del paciente en la praxis hospitalaria y seguridad del paciente en la praxis del enfermero: fortalezas/estrategias y debilidades/dificultades. Los resultados expresan que los enfermeros poseen el conocimiento sobre seguridad del paciente basado en la Organización Mundial de la Salud y el Programa Nacional de Seguridad del Paciente, y demuestran preocupación por ordenar los procesos de trabajo y mejorar la cultura de seguridad del servicio de salud (AU).