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1.
Neotrop. entomol ; 35(4): 440-445, July-Aug. 2006. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-451241

ABSTRACT

As flores de Krameria bahiana B.B. Simpson produzem principalmente óleo como recurso floral para seus visitantes. Abelhas coletoras de óleo usualmente apresentam adaptações morfológicas e comportamentais para sua coleta. Este estudo teve como objetivo a análise das interações entre as flores de K. bahiana e as abelhas visitantes, visando a eficiência da polinização, em uma área de restinga na Bahia. De fevereiro/2001 a fevereiro/2002 e de maio a outubro/2002 foram realizadas observações sobre a fenologia e morfologia das plantas e comportamento dos visitantes florais. As flores das inflorescências são zigomórficas, pequenas, de cor rosa e apresentam um par de pétalas modificadas em elaióforos epiteliais, as quais são responsáveis pela produção de óleo. As flores foram visitadas especialmente por abelhas do gênero Centris, C. leprieuri Spinola, C. tarsata Smith, C. trigonoides Lepeletier e C. pulchra Moure, Oliveira & Viana. Essas espécies coletam apenas óleo nas flores, raspando os elaióforos, posteriormente transferindo o recurso para a escopa localizada na tíbia e basitarso das pernas posteriores. Durante esta ação, as abelhas freqüentemente contatam as estruturas reprodutivas das flores, resultando na polinização. C. leprieuri foi a abelha mais freqüente durante este estudo, sendo considerada o polinizador efetivo. Megachile dentipes Vachal também visitou as flores de K. bahiana, coletando apenas pólen. Entretanto, estas abelhas foram consideradas polinizadoras esporádicas por não serem freqüentes nas flores de K. bahiana nos meses de observação.


The flowers of K. bahiana mainly produce oil as floral resource for their visitors. Oil collecting bees usually show morphological and behavioral adaptation for their collection. This study focused on the analysis of interactions between the flowers of K. bahiana and their visiting bees, aiming for the efficiency of the pollination, in an area of the Coastal Sand Plains of Bahia State, Brazil. From February/2001 to February/2002 and from May to October/2002 observations were accomplished about the phenology and morphology of the plants and the floral visitors' behavior. The flowers of the inflorescences are zigomorphic, small sized, pink and present a pair of petals modified in epithelial elaiophores, which are responsible for the production of oil. These flowers were visited especially by bees of the genus Centris: C. leprieuri Spinola, C. tarsata Smith, C. trigonoides Lepeletier and C. pulchra Moure, Oliveira & Viana. The bees collected only oil in the flowers, by scratching the elaiophores and then transferring it to scopa located on the tibia and basitarsus of the hind legs. During those actions, the bees often contact the reproductive structures of the flowers, resulting in pollination. C. leprieuri was the most frequent bee during this study, thus considered the effective pollinator. Megachile dentipes Vachal also visited the flowers of K. bahiana, collecting only pollen. However, these bees were considered sporadic pollinators because they were not frequent in the flowers of K. bahiana in the months of observation.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bees , Fertilization , Krameriaceae/physiology , Plant Physiological Phenomena , Brazil , Pollen
2.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 22(4): 247-253, oct--dic. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, INS-PERU | ID: lil-477866

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Determinar la actividad citotóxica de las fracciones procedentes de la combinación 1:1 del extracto etanólico de hojas de Annona muricata L (guanábana) y el extracto acuoso atomizado de la raíz de Kramerialappacea (ratania) en cultivos de líneas celulares cancerosas de glándula mamaria (MCF-7), pulmón (H-460) ysistema nervioso central (SF-268). Materiales y métodos: Para el fraccionamiento de la mezcla 1:1 de Annona mas Krameria se preparó una columna cromatográfica de 50 cm de longitud empleando diclorometano, diclorometano:acetato de etilo y CHCl3:MeOH como sistemas de elusión de polaridad creciente, obteniéndose 186 fracciones. Se evaluaron las fracciones 2 a 83 en cultivo de células cancerosas de glándula mamaria (MCF-7), de pulmón (H-460) y del sistema nervioso central (SF-268). Todas las fracciones fueron ensayadas en duplicado. Aquellas fracciones que presentaronun porcentaje de crecimiento de células cancerosas (por ciento G) <50 por ciento en alguna de las tres líneas celulares fueron ensayadas nuevamente a cinco concentraciones, para determinar finalmente la concentración a la cual se inhibe el 50 por ciento del crecimiento de las células cancerosas (GI50). Se consideraron activas aquellas fracciones con una GI50 <10 µg/mL. Resultados: Las fracciones 7 a 17 procedentes de la asociación de los dos productos naturales frente a loscultivos de las líneas celulares tumorales MCF-7, H-460 y SF-268 mostraron una GI50 de 1,6, 1,4 y 1,4 µg/mL respectivamente. Conclusiones: Las fracciones 7 a 17 procedentes de la asociación de Annona más Krameriamostraron acción citotóxica in vitro frente al cultivo de células cancerosas de glándula mamaria, pulmón y del sistema nervioso central.


Objectives: To determine cytotoxic activity of fractions from a 1:1 combination of an ethanol extract of Annona muricata leaves (soursop) and atomized aqueous extract of Krameria lappacea root (Ratania) in breast (MCF-7), lung (H-460), and central nervous system (SF-268) cancer cell cultures. Material and methods: For fractionating the 1:1 mixture of Annona and Krameria a 50-cm long chromatographic column was prepared using dichloromethane, dicholoromethane: ethyl acetate and ChCl3:MeOH as increasing polarity eluting systems and 186 fractions were obtained. Fractions 2 to 83 were assessed in breast (MCF-7), lung (H-460), and central nervous system (SF-268) cancer cell cultures. All fractions were assessed two times. Those fractions that showed <50% growth of cancer cells (%G) in any of the three cell lines were assayed once again using five different concentrations, in order to determine the concentration where there was a 50% inhibition of cancer cell growth (GI50). Those fractions with a <10 ìg/mL GI50 were considered to be active against cancer cell lines. Results: Fractions 7 to 17 of the association of the two aforementioned natural products has GI50 values reported as 1,6, 1,4, and 1,4 ìg/mL against MCF-7, H-460, and SF-268 cancer cell lines, respectively. Conclusions: Fractions 7 to 17 of the Annona and Krameria combination showed in vitro cytotoxic activity against breast, lung, and central nervous system cancer cultured cells.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents , Phytotherapy , Krameriaceae , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Plants, Medicinal , Cell Culture Techniques , Plant Preparations
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