ABSTRACT
Introducción. El factor de transcripción asociado a la microftalmia ( Microphtalmia-Associated Transcription Factor , MITF) regula la expresión de genes específicos, pero no se conoce su expresión y su función a nivel cardiaco. Objetivos. Identificar la expresión del MITF en corazón y en cardiomiocitos aislados de cobayo, describir los cambios morfológicos asociados con su disminución y evaluar los niveles relativos de su expresión en cardiomiocitos aislados en condiciones de preacondicionamiento isquémico. Materiales y métodos. El análisis de la expresión relativa de la isoforma específica de tejido cardiaco ( heart-type MITF, MITF-H), se determinó mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en tiempo real semicuantitativa, secuenciación y Western blot . La disminución del ARNm del MITF se indujo con un ARN pequeño de interferencia ( short hairpin RNA interference , shRNAi) específico. El tamaño, el diámetro y el número de fibras musculares se evaluaron por observación directa con microscopía de luz. Resultados. Se amplificó un fragmento de 281 pb de ADNc; el análisis de la secuencia confirmó la identidad del exón 1 y la isoforma H del MITF. La interferencia del ARNm del MITF se asoció con un mayor índice cardiaco (peso corazón/peso corporal: 5,46 x 10 -3 Vs. 4,6 x 10 -3 ) y un incremento del diámetro de las fibras cardiacas (50,2±16 µm Vs. 38,7±14,7 µm; p<0,05, n=150). En los cardiomiocitos aislados en condiciones de preacondicionamiento isquémico, se observó una expresión relativa del MITF-H mayor que en los miocitos en normoxia y expuestos a lesión por isquemia simulada (80 y 100 veces más, n=5, p<0,05, n=3). Conclusión. Los resultados sugieren que el MITF-H podría estar involucrado en la hipertrofia, la respuesta al estrés por isquemia y la supervivencia de cardiomiocitos de cobayo.
Introduction: The microphthalmia -associated transcription factor ( MITF ) regulates the expression of specific genes and its cardiac expression and function is not known. Objectives: To identify the expression of MITF in hearts and isolated cardiomyocytes from Guinea pigs, to describe morphological changes associated with mRNA interference of MITF and to evaluate their relative changes in expression in isolated cardiomyocytes under ischemic preconditioning. Materials and methods: The cardiac specific isoform, MITF-H, and relative expression level analysis, was determined by semi-quantitative real time PCR, sequencing and Western blotting. Reduction of mRNA-MITF-H was induced by transduction of specific-MITF-shRNAi interference. The cardiac morphological changes, diameter and number of cardiac fibers were evaluated by direct observation and light microscopy. Results: A cDNA fragment of 281 bp was amplified from heart and isolated ventricular cardiac myocytes. Sequence analysis confirmed the identity of the isoform MITF-H, exon 1. The MITF silencing was associated with an increase in cardiac index (heart weight/body weight vs . 5.46 x 10 -3 vs 4.6 x 10 -3 ) and higher diameter of cardiac fibers (50.2±16 µ m vs 38,7±14,7 µ m p<0.05, n=150). In isolated cardiac myocytes under ischemic preconditioning we observed a higher relative expression compared with that measured in myocytes exposed to normoxia and simulated ischemia (eighty and one hundred times, p <0.05, n = 5). Conclusion. The results suggest that MITF-H isoform may be involved in Guinea pig cardiac hypertrophy, response to stress by ischemia and cardiomyocytes survival.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Guinea Pigs , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/metabolism , Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor/physiology , Myocardium/metabolism , Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism , Amino Acid Sequence , Base Sequence , Cell Survival , Cells, Cultured , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics , DNA, Complementary/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation , Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial , Molecular Sequence Data , Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor/antagonists & inhibitors , Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor/biosynthesis , Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor/genetics , Myocardial Ischemia/genetics , Myocardial Ischemia/metabolism , Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology , Oxygen/pharmacology , Protein Isoforms/biosynthesis , Protein Isoforms/genetics , Protein Isoforms/physiology , RNA Interference , RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology , Sequence Alignment , Sequence HomologyABSTRACT
Xanthohumol (XH), the principal prenylflavonoid of the hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.), dose-dependently inhibited isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX)-induced melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells, with little cytotoxicity at the effective concentrations. Decreased melanin content was accompanied by reduced tyrosinase enzyme activity, protein and mRNA expression. The levels of tyrosinase-related protein 1 and 2 mRNAs were decreased by XH. XH also inhibited alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone- or forskolin-induced increases in melanogenesis, suggesting an action on the cAMP-dependent melanogenic pathway. XH downregulated the protein and mRNA expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a master transcriptional regulator of key melanogenic enzymes. These results suggest that XH might act as a hypo-pigmenting agent through the downregulation of MITF in the cAMP-dependent melanogenic pathway.