Differences in the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Moraxella bovis, M. bovoculi and M. ovis

The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Moraxella bovis, M. bovoculi and M. ovis. Thirty-two strains of Moraxella spp. isolated from cattle and sheep with infectious keratoconjunctivitis were tested via broth microdilution method to determine their susceptibility to ampicillin, cefoperazone, ceftiofur, cloxacillin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, gentamicin, neomycin, oxytetracycline and penicillin. The results demonstrated that Moraxella spp. strains could be considered sensitive for most of the antimicrobials tested in this study, but differences between the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of these three Moraxella species were found. M. bovis might differ from other species due to the higher MIC and MBC values it presented.

Etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial conjunctivitis in children at Princess Rahmah Hospital in Jordan

bacterial conjunctivitis, chiefly affecting young children, is generally caused by different pathogens. Therefore, this study aims to investigate microorganisms causing bacterial conjunctivitis in children and to assess their sensitivity to various groups of antimicrobial. A retrospective study was conducted on positive cultures taken from 39 children aged below 15 years, who attended as outpatient or inpatient at Princess Rahmah Hospital between January and December/ 2008. The obtained data were analyzed and the results were tabulated. A total of 39 isolates were recovered from cultures obtained from children patients. The male and female isolates ratio was [1.6: 1.0]. The most frequent pathogen found was S. aureus [56.4%], followed by Klebsielia spp. [18.0%], Streptococcus spp. [12.8%], Pseudomonas spp [5.1%], E. coli [5.1%] and Moraxella was found in only one culture [2.6%]. Ciprofloxacin had the highest susceptibility rate [90.4%] for all the tested isolates, followed by cefotaxime [72.7%] and vancomycin [71.4%]. Whereas, cefixime showed the lowest susceptibility rate [0.0%] for all the tested isolates. S. aureus was the main isolate of conjunctivitis in children, which almost all isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and vancomycin. Overall cefixime resistance rate was 100%. This information should be considered when empirical therapy is recommended or prescribed for children with bacterial conjunctivitis

In vitro Activity of Gemifloxacin Against Recent Clinical Isolates of Bacteria in Korea

Gemifloxacin is an enhanced-affinity fluoroquinolone with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. In Korea, resistant bacteria are relatively more prevalent than in other industrialized countries. In this study, we studied the in vitro activities of gemifloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and other commonly used antimicrobial agents against 1,689 bacterial strains isolated at four Korean university hospitals during 1999-2000. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using the agar dilution method of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Gemifloxacin had the lowest MICs for the respiratory pathogens: 90% of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Haemophilus influenzae were inhibited by 0.06, 0.03, and 0.03 mg/L, respectively. Gemifloxacin was more active than the other fluoroquinolones against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, streptococci, and Enterococcus faecalis. The MIC90s of gemifloxacin for Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus vulgaris, and nontyphoidal Salmonella spp. were 0.25, 1.0, and 0.12 mg/L, respectively, while those for other Gram-negative bacilli were 4-64 mg/L. In conclusion, gemifloxacin was the most active among the comparative agents against Gram-positive species, including respiratory pathogens isolated in Korea.