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1.
Rev. Investig. Innov. Cienc. Salud ; 3(2): 35-46, 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1392565

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La disfonía por tensión muscular fue definida, desde 1983, como un desorden que ocasiona un desbalance en las fuerzas de tensión muscular laríngea sin evidencia de patología estructural o neurológica. Denominado también disfonía por tensión muscular, tipo 1, este desorden aún no tiene estandarizadas las características que en la práctica han sido consideradas parte de su diagnóstico.Objetivo. Revisar la información actual, no mayor a cinco años, sobre disfonía por tensión muscular para unificar criterios y diagnósticos actuales.Metodología. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática a través de las bases de datos PubMed, Google Scholar y Cochrane. Los términos MESH utilizados fueron: dis-fonía por tensión muscular, disfonía funcional, disfonía hipercinética y fatiga vocal. Criterios de inclusión: artículos publicados en revistas arbitradas, sin importancia del diseño y antigüedad no mayor a cinco años. Criterios de exclusión: artículos cuyo enfoque principal no fuera disfonía por tensión muscular y con idioma diferente al inglés o español.Resultados. Dos estudios refieren mayor patología en mujeres que hombres; cuatro investigaciones reportan presión subglótica aumentada (>90 mmHg); tres trabajos reportaron medidas fonatorias; un trabajo propone video de alta resolución como demostración de hiperfunción vocal; una investigación evaluó onda mucosa por elec-troglotografía; una investigación estudió el uso de resonancia magnética funcional; otro trabajo propuso un estudio piloto de evaluación de flujo sanguíneo de músculos infrahioideos. Otro trabajo hace una revisión del uso de métodos diagnósticos.Conclusiones. Los parámetros de mayor peso fueron pico cepstral y presión sub-glótica. Aún es necesario ampliar el conocimiento con nuevas investigaciones que permitan criterios universales


Introduction. Muscle tension dysphonia has been defined since 1983 as a disorder in which there is an imbalance in laryngeal muscle tension forces, without evidence of structural or neurological pathology; it has also been called type I muscle tension dysphonia. The characteristics that in practice have been considered part of the di-agnosis are not standardized.Objective. To review current information, not older than 5 years, on muscle tension dysphonia, unifying current diagnostic criteria.Methodology. A systematic search was carried out through the Pub Med, Google scholar and Cochrane databases. The MESH terms used were: muscle tension dys-phonia, functional dysphonia, hyperkinetic dysphonia, and vocal fatigue. Inclusion criteria: articles published in peer-reviewed journals, regardless of design and pub-lished no more than 5 years before. Exclusion criteria: articles whose main focus was not muscle tension dysphonia and with a language other than English or Spanish.Results. Two studies report more pathology in women than men; four investiga-tions report increased subglottic pressure (> 90 mmHg); three studies reported pho-natory measures; a work proposes high resolution video as a demonstration of vo-cal hyperfunction; an investigation evaluated mucosal wave by electroglottography; an investigation studied the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging; another work proposed a pilot study of infrahyoid muscle blood flow assessment: another work reviews the use of diagnostic methods.Conclusions. The parameters of greater weight were cepstral peak and subglottic pressure. It is still necessary to expand the knowledge with new research that allows universal criteria


Subject(s)
Voice Disorders/diagnosis , Dysphonia , Dysphonia/diagnosis , Vocal Cords/abnormalities , Voice , Voice/physiology , Laryngeal Muscles , Mucous Membrane , Muscle Tonus/physiology
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 51(4): 550-553, July-Aug. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-957445

ABSTRACT

Abstract An HTLV-1-infected patient can develop paraparesis that limits their movements. Rehabilitation techniques could improve the motor abilities of these patients. The present study investigates five cases of physical therapy intervention in HTLV-1 patients to evaluate the influence of functional rehabilitation on the tonus and range of motion (ROM) of HTLV-1 patients with spasticity. The patients had a gain of ROM, especially in the lower limb, and reduction in hypertonia/spasticity after functional treatment. The reduction in hypertonia increased the ROM. Thus, functional methods may be valuable for the rehabilitation of HTLV-1 patients with neurological damage.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/complications , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/rehabilitation , Muscle Stretching Exercises/methods , Muscle Hypertonia/rehabilitation , Quality of Life , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/physiopathology , Range of Motion, Articular/physiology , Muscle Strength/physiology , Muscle Hypertonia/etiology , Muscle Tonus/physiology
3.
J. appl. oral sci ; 26: e20170164, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-893714

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: The esthetic and functional results of orthognathic surgery of severe dentofacial deformities are predictable, however there are differences regarding the effects on stomatognathic system. The aim was to investigate the effects of orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) on the masticatory function in individuals with dentofacial deformity submitted to orthognathic surgery (OGS). Material and Methods: Forty-eight individuals (18-40 years) were evaluated, 14 undergoing OMT (treated group-TG), 10 without this treatment (untreated group-UTG) and 24 in a control group with normal occlusion; for clinical aspects the data of an individual was missed (n=46). Chewing was performed using the Expanded protocol of orofacial myofunctional evaluation with scores (OMES-E). Muscle tone and mobility were also analyzed before (P0), three (P1) and six months (P2) after OGS. Surface electromyography of the masseter and temporalis muscles was performed, considering the parameters amplitude and duration of act and cycle, and the number of masticatory cycles. The OMT consisted of ten therapeutic sessions along the postoperative period. The results were compared using parametric and non-parametric tests. Results: TG showed higher scores in P1 and P2 than P0; for the masticatory type the scores in P2 were significantly higher than P0. In addition, the proportion of individuals with adequate tone of lower lip and adequate tongue mobility for TG increased significantly from P1 and P2 in relation to P0. The EMG results showed a decrease in act and cycle duration in P2 in relation to P0 and P1 for the TG; furthermore the values were close to controls. An increase in the number of cycles from P0 to P2 was also observed, indicating faster chewing, which may be attributed to an improvement of balanced occlusion associated with OMT. Conclusion: There were positive effects of OMT on the clinical and electromyography aspects of chewing in individual submitted to orthognathic surgery.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Myofunctional Therapy/methods , Orthognathic Surgical Procedures/rehabilitation , Dentofacial Deformities/surgery , Dentofacial Deformities/rehabilitation , Mastication/physiology , Temporal Muscle/physiopathology , Time Factors , Tongue/physiopathology , Reproducibility of Results , Analysis of Variance , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric , Electromyography , Dentofacial Deformities/physiopathology , Masseter Muscle/physiopathology , Muscle Tonus/physiology
4.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 74(4): 280-286, Apr. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-779811

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT HTLV-1-associated myelopathy is a progressive disabling disease associated with gait abnormalities. Objective To identify and quantify the main muscles affected by weakness and spasticity, their impact on gait, functional capacity and on quality of life of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy patients. Method We evaluated lower limbs muscular strength according to the Medical Research Council scale, spasticity according to the modified Ashworth scale, daily activities according to the Barthel Index and quality of life according to the Short-Form Health Survey-36 of 26 HTLV-1-associated myelopathy patients. Results The muscles most affected by weakness included the dorsal flexors and knee flexors. Spasticity predominated in the hip adductor muscles and in plantar flexors. Assistance for locomotion, minimal dependence in daily activities, limitations in functional capacity and physical aspects were the most common findings. Conclusion The impairment of gait, functional dependence and quality of life were predominantly a consequence of intense muscle weakness in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy patients.


RESUMO Mielopatia associada ao HTLV-1 é uma doença inflamatória, incapacitante e progressiva que acomete o sistema nervoso central. Objetivo Identificar e quantificar os principais músculos comprometidos pela fraqueza e espasticidade, o impacto na capacidade funcional e na qualidade de vida dos pacientes com mielopatia associada ao HTLV-1. Método Força muscular ( Medical Research Council), espasticidade (escala Ashworth modificada), atividades de vida diária (Índice de Barthel) e qualidade de vida ( Short-Form Health Survey-36) foram avaliados em 26 pacientes . Resultados Os principais músculos comprometidos pela fraqueza incluíram os flexores dorsais e flexores do joelho. A espasticidade predominou nos músculos adutores do quadril e nos flexores plantares. Assistência para locomoção, dependência mínima nas atividades diárias, limitações na capacidade funcional e os aspectos físicos representaram os achados mais frequentes. Conclusão Dificuldade de deambulação, dependência funcional e prejuízo na qualidade de vida foram as principais consequências da intensa fraqueza muscular nos pacientes com mielopatia associada ao HTLV-1.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Gait Disorders, Neurologic/physiopathology , Muscle Weakness/physiopathology , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/physiopathology , Quality of Life , Walking/physiology , Activities of Daily Living , Knee/physiopathology , Muscle Spasticity/physiopathology , Muscle Tonus/physiology , Prospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors , Wheelchairs
5.
Acta cir. bras ; 30(7): 484-490, 07/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-754985

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To study racemic bupivacaine, non-racemic bupivacaine and ropivacaine on myocardial contractility. METHODS: Isolated Wistar papillary muscles were submitted to 50 and 100 mM racemic bupivacaine (B50 and B100), non-racemic bupivacaine (NR50 and NR100) and ropivacaine (R50 and R100) intoxication. Isometric contraction data were obtained in basal condition (0.2 Hz), after increasing the frequency of stimulation to 1.0 Hz and after 5, 10 and 15 min of local anesthetic intoxication. Data were analyzed as relative changes of variation. RESULTS: Developed tension was higher with R100 than B100 at D1 (4.3 ± 41.1 vs -57.9 ± 48.1). Resting tension was altered with B50 (-10.6 ± 23.8 vs -4.7 ± 5.0) and R50 (-14.0 ± 20.5 vs -0.5 ± 7.1) between D1 and D3. Maximum rate of tension development was lower with B100 (-56.6 ± 38.0) than R50 (-6.3 ± 37.9) and R100 (-1.9 ± 37.2) in D1. B50, B100 and NR100 modified the maximum rate of tension decline from D1 through D2. Time to peak tension was changed with NR50 between D1 and D2. CONCLUSIONS: Racemic bupivacaine depressed myocardial contractile force more than non-racemic bupivacaine and ropivacaine. Non-racemic and racemic bupivacaine caused myocardial relaxation impairment more than ropivacaine. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Amides/pharmacology , Anesthetics, Local/pharmacology , Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Myocardial Contraction/drug effects , Bupivacaine/chemistry , Depression, Chemical , Muscle Tonus/drug effects , Muscle Tonus/physiology , Myocardial Contraction/physiology , Papillary Muscles/drug effects , Papillary Muscles/physiology , Rats, Wistar , Reference Values , Stereoisomerism , Time Factors
6.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 47(1): 24-29, Jan-Feb/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-703168

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Human T cell lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) can impact the independence and motricity of patients. The aims of this study were to estimate the effects of physiotherapy on the functionality of patients with HAM/TSP during the stable phase of the disease using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and to compare two methods of treatment delivery. Methods: Fourteen patients with human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) were randomly allocated into two groups. In group I (seven patients), PNF was applied by the therapist, facilitating the functional activities of rolling, sitting and standing, walking and climbing and descending stairs. In group II (seven patients), PNF was self-administered using an elastic tube, and the same activities were facilitated. Experiments were conducted for 1h twice per week for 12 weeks. Low-back pain, a modified Ashworth scale, the functional independence measure (FIM) and the timed up and go test (TUG) were assessed before and after the interventions. Results: In the within-group evaluation, low-back pain was significantly reduced in both groups, the FIM improved in group II, and the results of the TUG improved in group I. In the inter-group analysis, only the tone was lower in group II than in group I. Conclusions: Both PNF protocols were effective in treating patients with HAM/TSP. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Exercise Movement Techniques/methods , Muscle Tonus/physiology , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/therapy , Proprioception/physiology , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/physiopathology , Treatment Outcome
7.
Journal of Forensic Medicine ; (6): 12-17, 2012.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-983704

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To observe effects of restraint position on the changes of diaphragmatic mechanical characteristic in rats, and try to explore the role of nitric oxide (NO).@*METHODS@#Rat model of restraint position was established. Rats were divided into control group, restraint position 12h and 24h groups. The markers of respiratory functions in vivo and the biomechanical markers of diaphragmatic characteristic ex vivo were evaluated. Serum NO levels were measured with spectrophotometry. The expressions of nNOS and iNOS mRNA in diaphragm were detected using RT-PCR.@*RESULTS@#Compared with control group, respiratory rate, tidal volume and minute ventilation were significantly decreased in the restraint position 12h and 24h groups. Pt of diaphragm significantly decreased and force-generating capacity reduced at low frequency stimulation in 12h group. Force-generating capacity over the full range reduced at low and high frequency stimulation in 24h group. Pt of diaphragm in control and restraint position groups increased after L-NNA pre-incubation. Force-frequency relationship after L-NNA pre-incubation reduced in 24h group. NO level in serum increased significantly in the restraint position groups. Diaphragmatic nNOS mRNA expression was upregulated significantly in the restraint position groups.@*CONCLUSION@#Restraint position induces the decreasement of diaphragmatic contractility and the decreasement is mediated by NO from diaphragm or circulation blood.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Biomechanical Phenomena , Diaphragm/physiopathology , Muscle Contraction/physiology , Muscle Tonus/physiology , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism , Posture , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Respiration Disorders/physiopathology , Restraint, Physical , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
8.
Rev. GASTROHNUP ; 13(1, Supl.1): S71-S82, ene.-abr. 2011. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-645142

ABSTRACT

El propósito de este artículo es describir la importancia del examen neurológico de rutina del RN a término, las características normales y anormales de la evaluación neurológica neonatal e ilustrar la importancia de estas características en el comprendimiento del desarrollo y la enfermedad neurológica.


The purpose of the following article is to describe what a routine neurological evaluation in the fullterm neonate should consist, it's normal and abnormal features and to illustrate the importance of these features in the understanding of neurological development and disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Neurologic Examination/methods , Neurology/methods , Reflex/physiology , Muscle Tonus/physiology
9.
Pró-fono ; 22(2): 119-124, abr.-jun. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-554278

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: the decrease of facial movements in peripheral facial paralysis and the resulting aesthetical sequels may have important emotional repercussions as a consequence to the functional deficit, and depending on the intensity of the clinical condition. Orofacial rehabilitation has as a purpose to favor the recovery of orofacial movements and to adequate and/or adapt orofacial functions and facial mimic. However, quantifying therapeutic results in an attempt to measure the muscle tonus is a challenge. Generally, the used forms of measurement are general and subjective. AIM: to propose the labial commissure angle as an anthropometric marker and to evaluate its reliability as an objective tool to evaluate the modification of the facial muscle tonus after rehabilitation. METHOD: participants of the study were 20 patients presenting peripheral facial paralysis - level IV. The study was conducted using images from the photographical documentation taken fifteen days to one year post-onset of facial paralysis. The angle was measured by tracings determined by pre-established anthropometric facial points, such as the line between the glabella and the gnation and the crossing with the left and right chelion points determining an angle manually measured with a protractor on the photography. RESULTS: The average Labial Commissure Angle before treatment was of 101.70 and after rehabilitation of 93.80 (standard deviation, SD = 4.3). The statistical analysis indicated a significant difference (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: the results obtained suggest that the Labial Commissure Angle allows the objective evaluation of facial muscle tonus modification.


TEMA: na paralisia facial periférica, a diminuição dos movimentos faciais e as sequelas estéticas resultantes podem ter repercussões emocionais importantes consequentes ao déficit funcional, na dependência da intensidade do quadro clinico. A reabilitação orofacial visa otimizar os movimentos residuais, na paralisia incompleta, e as suas adequações e/ou adaptação às funções orofaciais e da expressividade facial. Entretanto, quantificar o resultado terapêutico é um desafio. Em geral, as graduações utilizadas são generalistas esubjetivas. OBJETIVO: propor o Ângulo da Comissura Labial e avaliar sua confiabilidade como recurso objetivo na avaliação da modificação do tônus da musculatura facial na evolução da paralisia facial. MÉTODO: foram estudados 20 pacientes com paralisia facial periférica - grau IV. O estudo se fez sob imagens da documentação fotográfica de pacientes com paralisia facial, tomadas a partir de quinze dias de instalação e ao final de um ano de acompanhamento clínico. Mediu-se o ângulo por meio de traçados determinados por pontos faciais antropométricos pré-estabelecidos, como a linha entre a glabella e gnation e o cruzamento com os pontos chelion direito e esquerdo, determinando um ângulo medidomanualmente com um transferidor na fotografia. RESULTADOS: a média do Ângulo da Comissura Labial foi de 101,70 nas tomadas iniciais, diminuindo para 93,80 (desvio padrão = 4,3) após um ano de evolução. O teste estatístico revelou diferença estatisticamente significante (P < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: os resultados obtidos sugerem que o Ângulo da Comissura Labial permite a avaliação objetiva da modificação do tônus da musculatura facial.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Facial Muscles/physiopathology , Facial Paralysis/physiopathology , Lip/physiopathology , Movement/physiology , Muscle Tonus/physiology , Facial Paralysis/rehabilitation , Prospective Studies , Young Adult
10.
Acta fisiátrica ; 15(4): 263-266, dez. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-514986

ABSTRACT

O acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) encontra-se como um dos principais problemas de saúde em todo mundo, tornando-se Brasil responsável por 17% dos casos de doenças cardiovasculares. Em decorrência disto o paciente apresenta desordens física, psicoafetiva, cognitiva e a espasticidade que dificulta a atividade motora voluntária, provocando redução na força muscular, influenciando diretamente na independência e funcionalidade. A toxina botulínica tipo A (TBA) além de proporcionar um relaxamento da musculatura espástica, promove possibilidade de reajuste de um padrão funcional e associado a isso está a utilização do dinamômetro isocinético, o qual possibilita após algumas sessões, redução da hipertonia e o treinamento da musculatura antagonista. Baseando-se nestas informações, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a eficiência do treinamento com dinamômetro isocinético no desempenho muscular dos dorsiflexores espásticos de paciente com seqüela de AVE após infiltração de TBA. Foi realizado um estudo de caso, sujeito do sexo masculino, hemiparético à direita, que realizou 10 sessões de treino no Cybex Humac Norm®, com uma avaliação pré e pós-treinamento e logo após a primeira infiltração de TBA. O resultado deste estudo demonstrou melhora na força, trabalho total, torque e potência da musculatura em treinamento excêntrico dos dorsiflexores e diminuição do déficit de força muscular entre os membros inferiores. Concluiu-se que a TBA com seu efeito relaxante sobre musculatura espástica possibilitou uma reeducação neuromuscular e melhora do controle motor seletivo, permitindo o aperfeiçoamento do desempenho muscular dos dorsiflexores por meio da dinamometria isocinética em baixas velocidades angulares, tanto do modo excêntrico quanto concêntrico. Torna-se necessário, com a escassez de dados na literatura, um estudo mais abrangente, com maior número de sujeitos e grupo controle.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Muscle Spasticity/etiology , Muscle Spasticity/physiopathology , Paresis , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Stroke/complications , Exercise Therapy , Muscle Tonus/physiology
11.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 66(3b): 773-776, set. 2008.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-495556

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Snoring is the noise caused by vibration during the in-breath; and which structure actually vibrates depends on many factors. OBJECTIVE: The treatment of snoring with methods to increase muscle tonus of upper airway has been controversial, and poorly reported, thus a review of evidence is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of these methods. METHOD: A review of randomized or quasi-randomized, double blind trials on snoring treatment that have employed any method to increase muscle tonus of upper airway like phonotherapy or physical therapy among others. Outcomes: decrease or completely stop of snoring, sleep quality, quality of life, and adverse events. RESULTS: Three eligible trials were potentially analyzed, but none of them could provide good scientific evidence favoring the intervention. The objective analyses of one study showed improvement of snoring, although the objective sub-analyses and subjective analyses showed controversial results. The adverse events were not reported. CONCLUSION: There is no enough evidence to support the recommendation of methods to increase muscle tonus of upper airways in treatment of snoring. Well designed randomized clinical trials are needed to asses the efficacy of such methods, and a standard and worldwide accepted method for snoring assessment would be useful for future researches.


CONTEXTO: O ronco é o ruído causado pela vibração durante a inspiração, cujas estruturas vibratórias, dependem atualmente de vários fatores. OBJETIVO: O tratamento do ronco com métodos para aumentar o tônus muscular da via aérea superior tem sido controverso e pouco relatado, portanto uma revisão de evidências é necessária para avaliar a efetividade destes métodos. MÉTODO: Revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados ou quasi-randomizados, duplo-cegos para o tratamento do ronco, com métodos visando o aumento do tônus da via aérea superior, tais como fonoterapia e fisioterapia. Desfechos: diminuição ou cura do ronco, qualidade do sono, qualidade de vida e efeitos adversos. RESULTADOS: Três estudos elegíveis foram potencialmente analisados, porém nenhum deles demonstrou evidência científica de qualidade favorecendo a intervenção. As análises subjetivas em um estudo mostrou melhora do ronco, entretanto as sub-análises objetivas demonstraram resultados controversos. Os efeitos adversos não foram relatados. CONCLUSÃO: Não existe evidência científica suficiente para sustentar a recomendação de métodos para aumentar o tônus muscular da via aérea superior no tratamento do ronco. Ensaios clínicos randomizados bem elaborados são necessários para avaliarmos a eficácia de tais métodos e uma padronização de métodos para intervir no ronco mundialmente aceitos se tornariam úteis em pesquisas futuras.


Subject(s)
Humans , Breathing Exercises , Muscle Tonus/physiology , Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology , Snoring/therapy , Exercise Therapy/methods , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Snoring/physiopathology
12.
Pró-fono ; 20(1): 67-70, jan.-mar. 2008.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-480044

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: stuttering. AIM: to compare muscle activation in fluent and stuttering individuals during speech and non-speech tasks. METHOD: six adults divided in two groups: G1 - three fluent individuals; G2 - three stuttering individuals. Muscle activity (surface electromyography) was captured by disposable electrodes fixed in four regions. Testing situations: muscle rest tension, speech reaction time, non-verbal activity, verbal activity. RESULTS: There was no significant statistical difference between the groups for the rest tension; G2 present longer speech reaction times; G2 presented muscle activity during the non-verbal task similar to that observed during rest; Muscle activity of G1 and G2 during the verbal task demonstrated to be similar. CONCLUSION: these results suggests that for G2 there is a poor control of timing for the coordination of motor processes.


TEMA: gagueira. OBJETIVO: comparar a ativação muscular em indivíduos fluentes e gagos durante tarefas de fala e não-fala. MÉTODO: seis adultos foram divididos em dois grupos: G1 - três indivíduos fluentes; G2 - três indivíduos com gagueira. A atividade muscular (eletromiografia de superfície) foi captada por eletrodos fixados em quatro regiões. Situações testadas: tensão muscular de repouso, tempo de reação da fala; atividade não verbal e atividade verbal. RESULTADOS: não houve significância estatística entre os grupos para a tensão de repouso; G2 apresentou tempo de reação de fala mais longo; G2 apresentou atividade muscular durante a tarefa não verbal semelhante a observada durante o repouso; a atividade muscular de G1 e G2 durante a tarefa verbal foi similar. CONCLUSÃO: estes resultados sugerem que G2 apresenta um pobre controle temporal para a coordenação dos processos motores.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Facial Muscles/physiology , Neck Muscles/physiopathology , Speech/physiology , Stuttering/physiopathology , Analysis of Variance , Electromyography , Muscle Relaxation/physiology , Muscle Tonus/physiology , Reaction Time , Speech Acoustics , Speech Production Measurement
13.
Pró-fono ; 18(3): 267-276, set.-dez. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-440649

ABSTRACT

TEMA: relação entre fala, tônus e praxia não-verbal. OBJETIVO: verificar a existência de relação entre fala, tônus e praxia não-verbal do sistema estomatognático em pré-escolares. MÉTODO: avaliamos 120 crianças, de 4:0 a 5:11 de idade. Todas foram submetidas à avaliação que constou de anamnese e avaliação fonoaudiológica. A anamnese foi realizada com a própria criança e complementada por informações obtidas por meio de um questionário, respondido por seus pais ou responsáveis. A avaliação fonoaudiológica constou de: avaliação do tônus (resistência), da mobilidade (realização de movimentos isolados), da praxia (repetição de movimentos seqüenciais) de lábios e de língua e da fala (nomeação de figuras). RESULTADOS: os achados estatisticamente significantes foram: tônus de língua normal nas crianças do grupo de praxia normal (p = 0,003*); tônus de língua alterado nas crianças do grupo de praxia alterada (p = 0,003*) e fala normal nas crianças do grupo com praxia normal (p < 0,001). Observamos tônus de lábios normal nas crianças do grupo de praxia normal (p = 0,058), fala alterada (grupo omissão, substituição e distorção) nas crianças do grupo com tônus de lábios alterado (p = 0,149), fala normal nas crianças do grupo com tônus de língua normal (p = 0,332), fala alterada (grupo omissão, substituição e distorção) nas crianças do grupo com praxia de lábios alterada (p = 0,241). Neste estudo não foram observadas diferenças da fala em relação ao sexo ou a idade. Entretanto, as crianças de 4:0 a 4:11 anos apresentaram alterações de fala em maior proporção que as da faixa etária de 5 anos. CONCLUSÃO: não foi possível comprovar a existência de relação entre o tônus e a praxia de lábios, e entre a praxia de lábios e a fala. Constatamos a existência de relação entre o tônus e a praxia não-verbal de língua e também entre a praxia não-verbal de língua e a fala.


BACKGROUND: relationship between speech, tonus and non-verbal praxis. AIM: to verify the relationship between speech, tonus and non-verbal praxis of the stomatognathic system in preschoolers. METHOD: 120 children, with ages between 4:0 and 5:11 years, were assessed. This assessment consisted of an anamnesis and a speech-language evaluation. The anamnesis was carried out with each child and was completed with information obtained through a questionnaire filled out by parents or guardians. The speech-language assessment involved: assessment of tonus (resistance), of mobility (execution of isolated movements), praxis of lips and tongue (repetition of sequential movements) and of speech (picture naming). RESULTS: statistically significant findings were: normal tongue tonus in the group of children with normal praxis (p = 0.003*); tongue with altered tonus in the group of children with altered praxis (p = 0.003*) and normal speech in the group of children with normal praxis (p < 0.001). Other observations were: normal lip tonus in the group of children with normal praxis (p = 0.058); altered speech (omission, substitution and distortion) in the group of children with altered lip tonus (p = 0.149), normal speech in the group of children with normal tongue tonus (p = 0.332); altered speech (omission, substitution and distortion) in the group of children with altered lip praxis (p = 0.241). Differences in speech related to gender or age were not observed in the present study. However, children with ages between 4:0 and 4:11 years presented speech alterations in a higher proportion when compared to children with ages between 5:0 and 5:11 years. CONCLUSION: it was not possible to prove the existence of a relationship between tonus and lip praxis, and between lip praxis and speech. A relationship exists between tonus and non-verbal tongue praxis and also between non-verbal tongue praxis and speech.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Apraxias/physiopathology , Muscle Tonus/physiology , Speech Disorders/diagnosis , Stomatognathic System/physiology , Verbal Behavior/physiology , Age Factors , Apraxias/psychology , Chi-Square Distribution , Lip/physiology , Sex Factors , Speech Disorders/physiopathology , Speech/physiology , Tongue/physiology
14.
Rev. bras. saúde matern. infant ; 6(3): 297-308, jul.-set. 2006. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-447325

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: examinar a validade de constructo do Movement Assessment of Infants (MAI), teste composto por 65 itens, agrupados em quatro seções, que é usado para detectar paralisia cerebral. MÉTODOS: a amostra incluiu 73 bebês pré-termo brasileiros, avaliados aos quatro e aos oito meses de idade corrigida. Foram feitas análises individuais para as duas idades, com uso do modelo estatístico Rasch. RESULTADOS: o MAI é uma escala fácil para o nível de habilidade dos bebês avaliados, tanto aos quatro quanto aos oito meses de idade. Alguns itens não se enquadram nas expectativas de unidimensionalidade do modelo estatístico, o que compromete a validade de constructo do teste. CONCLUSÕES: diferenças no nível de dificuldade dos itens aos quatro e oito meses reafirmam a necessidade de perfis distintos de desempenho para cada idade. Apesar das limitações, o teste tem aspectos positivos, sendo apresentadas sugestões para revisão, visando melhorar sua validade.


OBJECTIVES: to assess the validity of the Movement Assessment of Infants (MAI) test, comprised of 65 items, grouped into four sections, used to detect cerebral palsy. METHODS: the sample included 73 preterm babies, assessed between four and eight months of corrected age. Individual assessments were made for the two ages, using Rasch's statistical model. RESULTS: MAI is an easy scale for the level of ability of the babies assessed, including both age groups, four and eight months old. Some of the items do not fit the one-dimensional expectations of the statistical model, compromising test construction validity. CONCLUSIONS: differences in the difficulty level of the items at four and eight months old reaffirm the need of different performance profiles for each age. Notwithstanding the restrictions, the test has positive aspects and review suggestions are offered aiming at validity improvement.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child Development/physiology , Movement/physiology , Cerebral Palsy/diagnosis , Infant, Premature/physiology , Reflex/physiology , Muscle Tonus/physiology , Neurologic Examination/methods , Predictive Value of Tests
15.
Pakistan Journal of Physiology. 2006; 2 (1): 26-28
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-80026

ABSTRACT

The length tension relationship has been used to determine the contractile and elastic state of the muscle. However, the shape of the active and passive tensions has been found to vary from muscle to muscle and in different animals as well. It depends upon the muscle architecture and specific function it performs. The change in the state of a skeletal muscle produced under the influence of chemical agents is not evaluated for the parameters obtained from the length tension relation. In the present study an attempt has been made to observe the effects of mono-valent anion on the contractile characteristics of isolated Gastrocnemius muscles of Uromastix. The results demonstrated that both the active and passive tensions changed on treatment with mono-valent anions with a shift in their curves. This change was statistically significant for active tensions. Further, Tension equilibrium length [TEL] also affected significantly. It is concluded that length tension parameter, TEL < resting length [Lo] is also a useful indicator of muscle state representing dominant elasticity under the influence of mono-valent anions. It can be used to express the state of different contractile and elastic characters of the skeletal muscle


Subject(s)
Animals , Muscle Tonus/physiology , Cations, Monovalent/physiology , Muscle, Skeletal , Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena , Elasticity , Contractile Proteins , Reptiles
16.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 63(4): 956-962, dez. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-419003

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Verificar a influência da idade gestacional (IG) e do peso ao nascimento (PN) na avaliação do tono muscular de recém nascidos (RN) a termo e prematuros hígidos. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal. O tono muscular de 42 RN prematuros e 47 termo foi quantificado e mensurado com goniômetro (instrumento para medir ângulos), respectivamente entre 7-14 dias de vida e 24-48 horas de vida. Os RN foram agrupados de acordo com IG e PN, sendo avaliados em intervalos fixos. RN prematuros foram comparados aos a termo na 40ª semana de idade concepcional (IC). RESULTADOS: A evolução do tono muscular nos RN prematuros ocorreu de forma gradual de acordo com IC e independente do PN. RN prematuros, na primeira avaliação apresentaram escores de tono muscular inferiores aos de RN a termo em todos os indicadores. Foram observadas diferenças entre RN prematuros pequenos e adequados para a IG em relação ao indicador calcanhar-orelha (p<0,001). O pareamento dos grupos na 40ª semana de IC mostra, exceto pela postura, diferença significativa entre os grupos (p< 0,001) nos demais indicadores. CONCLUSÃO: A prematuridade e a desnutrição intrauterina são fatores que influenciam diferentes aspectos do tono muscular. Em prematuros o tono muscular não parece sofrer influência do peso de nascimento e sua evolução é relacionada ao aumento da IC. Quando comparados RN a termo PIG e AIG observa-se influencia do PN no tono muscular. O uso de instrumentos como o goniometro permite avaliação mais acurada do tono muscular e auxilia na respectiva quantificação do mesmo.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Birth Weight , Gestational Age , Infant, Premature/physiology , Muscle Tonus/physiology , Analysis of Variance , Cross-Sectional Studies , Fetal Nutrition Disorders/physiopathology , Infant, Small for Gestational Age , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results
17.
Kinesiologia ; (59): 53-7, jun. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-277853

ABSTRACT

Se presenta la aplicación de la evaluación muscular isocinética del grupo flexo-extensor de rodilla en un grupo de mujeres sedentarias. Se evalúa con un sistema de evaluación muscular isocinético Cybex Norm en tres velocidades: una velocidad lenta (60º/seg), una velocidad intermedia (180º/seg) y una velocidad rápida (270º/seg). En cada velocidad se determinó el torque máximo, el torque máximo como un porcentaje del peso corporal total y la relación entre el torque máximo del grupo fexor y el grupo extensor de rodilla. El torque generado por el grupo extensor fue mayor que el generado por el grupo flexor en todas las velocidades evaluadas (p<0,01). El torque máximo de ambos grupos musculares varió con el incremento de la velocidad angular, obteniéndose valores más altos a velocidad lenta (p<0,01). La relación entre el torque máximo de ambos grupos nos mostró variaciones estadísticamente significativas con el incremento de la velocidad angular (p>0,05)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Knee/physiology , Muscles/physiology , Torque , Muscle Tonus/physiology , Reference Values
18.
Rev. sanid. mil ; 53(3): 183-7, mayo-jun. 1999. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-266920

ABSTRACT

Se analizan críticamente el método presentado en un trabajo anterior en el que se explora, de una manera sencilla, en el hombre, la reactividad de la musculatura de los broquios. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos con este método en 35 sujetos jóvenes sanos. El propósito fue el de encontrar valores que pudieron ser considerados como representativos de los patrones normales para individuos sanos, los cuales podrían servir de base para su comparación con los que se obtengan en los estudios de caso patológicos. Se discute la posibilidad de que la medida de la circunferencia torácica no presente un cambio proporcional de la capacidad pulmonar. Se presentan los resultados de los controles realizados en apoyo de este postulado, uno de los que sirvieron de base para la justificación del método. Se confirma que el músculo liso de los bronquios se encuentra en estado dinámico en las condiciones fisiológicas y que participa en la actividad refleja del sistema nervioso autónomo y en los estados emocionales. Se compara la actividad de este tipo de músculo con la de otros efectos autonómicos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Bronchi/physiology , Respiratory Mechanics/physiology , Muscle, Smooth/physiology , Autonomic Nervous System/physiology , Respiratory Function Tests/instrumentation , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Reference Values , Valsalva Maneuver/physiology , Emotions/physiology , Muscle Tonus/physiology
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