Idosos residentes em uma instituição de longa permanência: adaptação à luz de Callista Roy / Elderly residents in homes for the aged: adjustment in the light of Callista Roy / Residentes mayores en un hogares para ancianos: adaptación a la luz de Callista Roy

Objetivou-se avaliar o processo de adaptação de idosos que buscam, voluntariamente, residir em Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI), na cidade de Fortaleza-CE, com base no modelo teórico de Roy. Pesquisa descritiva, realizada em uma IPLI com treze idosos residentes. A coleta de dados foi por meio de entrevista, nos meses de outubro e dezembro de 2011. Os dados foram tratados pela análise de conteúdo temática. Emergiram as seguintes temáticas: Eu Físico, subdividido em sensação corporal e imagem corporal; e Eu Pessoal, subdividido em auto coerência, auto ideal e ser moral-ético-espiritual. Assim, a opção de morar em ILPI não mudou efetivamente a vida dos idosos. Estes conseguiram adaptação ao local e convivem bem com os estímulos internos e externos.

This study aimed to evaluate the adaptation of elderly individuals voluntarily reside in Institution for the Aged (LTCF) in the city of Fortaleza-CE, based on the theoretical model of Roy. Descriptive study, in a IPLI involving thirteen elderly residents. Data collect was through interviews in the months of October and December 2011 and organized by thematic content analysis. The following themes has emerged: I Physical subdivided into body sensation and body image; Staff and I, subdivided into self-consistency and auto ideal be moral-ethical-spiritual. Thus, the option to live in ILPI not effectively changed the lives of elderly people. They managed to adapt to the local and coexist well with internal and external stimuli.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la adaptación de las personas mayores que residen voluntariamente en la Institución para la tercera edad (LTCF) en la ciudad de Fortaleza-CE, basado en el modelo teórico de Roy. Estudio descriptivo, en un IPLI con trece ancianos residentes. Los datos fueran recogidos a través de entrevistas en los meses de octubre y diciembre de 2011 y organizados mediante análisis de contenido temático. Emergieron los siguientes temas: subdivide I Física en la imagen corporal y sensación de cuerpo; El personal y yo, subdividen en auto-consistencia y auto ideal ser moral-ético-espiritual. Por lo tanto, la opción de vivir en ILPI no cambió de manera efectiva la vida de los ancianos. Se las arreglaron para adaptarse a lo local y convivir bien con los estímulos internos y externos.

Effects of destruxin A on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) / Efeitos da destruxina A no carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

This study evaluated the effects of destruxin A on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus females, since this toxin is one of the likely causes of high mortality induced by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae in arthropods. Ticks were immersed or inoculated with different concentrations of destruxin A. Despite the doses applied, there were no deaths or significant alterations in oviposition between the groups treated with destruxin A and the control groups. No other external effect caused by destruxin, such as tetanic paralysis, was observed in these engorged female ticks after the treatment.

Este estudo avaliou os efeitos da destruxina A em fêmeas de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, uma vez que essa toxina é uma das prováveis causas da alta mortalidade induzida pelo fungo entomopatogênico Metarhizium anisopliae em artrópodes. Os carrapatos foram imersos ou inoculados com diferentes concentrações de destruxina A. Apesar das doses aplicadas, não houve mortes ou alterações significativas de postura entre os grupos tratados com destruxinas A e os grupos controle. Nenhum outro efeito externo provocado pela destruxina A, tal como paralisia tetânica, foi observado nas fêmeas ingurgitadas de carrapato após o tratamento.

Screening for disease resistance in barley cultivars against Bipolaris sorokiniana using callus culture method.

Screening for resistant barley genotypes in response to fungal toxin of Bipolaris sorokiniana was assessed on standing barley plants as well as in selected callus lines of the same. For the standing lines tested, those manifesting chlorosis in response to toxin infiltration showed a significantly slower disease progress as compared to the necrotic lines. Also, necrosis in the callus tissues of the susceptible cultivar in MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of the crude toxin was significantly higher than in the callus tissues of the chlorotic lines studied. Similar host response to the toxin in in vitro and field situations open up the possibility of screening barley cultivars for resistance to spot blotch using callus culture as against classical methods of screening in order to increase accuracy and save time and space.

Identificación rápida y sensibilidad a toxinas killer de levaduras aisladas de micosis no sistémicas / Rapid identification and susceptibility to killer toxins of yeasts isolated from non-systemic mycoses

La identificación rápida y segura de los agentes etiológicos y el desarrollo de nuevos antifúngicos con blancos de acción más específicos resultarán en tratamientos de las micosis más efectivos y menos lesivos. Mediante un método molecular rápido (ITS1-5.8S ADNr-ITS2 PCR-RFLP) se identificaron 53 aislamientos de levaduras provenientes de infecciones no sistémicas registradas en hospitales públicos de la ciudad de Neuquén y en un centro oftalmológico de Buenos Aires durante el año 2005. Adicionalmente y utilizando el método de inhibición del crecimiento en placa, se evaluó la sensibilidad de estas levaduras a toxinas killer producidas por levaduras indígenas de la Patagonia y por cepas de referencia. Ocho especies de levaduras fueron identificadas entre los aislamientos clínicos: Candida albicans (52%) , Candida parapsilosis (17%) , Candida tropicalis (10%) , Candida krusei (5%) , Candida glabrata (4%) , Candida guilliermondii (4%) , Kluyveromyces lactis (4%) y Saccharomyces cerevisiae (4%) . El 69% de los aislamientos de la especie mayoritaria, C. albicans, se relacionó con infecciones vaginales. Por otra parte, el 61% de las levaduras provenientes de infecciones oculares correspondió a la especie C. parapsilosis. En las condiciones de ensayo, las toxinas producidas por las levaduras killer indígenas DVMais5 y HCMeiss5 pertenecientes a las especies Pichia anomala y P. kluyveri, respectivamente, exhibieron el mayor espectro de acción sobre las levaduras aisladas de materiales clínicos.

The use of quick and reliable yeast identification methods, as well as the development of new antifungal agents with more specific targets, will enable a more efficient treatment of mycoses. In the present work, a total of 53 clinical isolates obtained from non-systemic infections in Neuquén Hospitals and an ophthalmologic clinic in Buenos Aires during 2005, were identified by means of a rapid molecular method (ITS1-5.8S ADNr-ITS2 PCR-RFLP). Additionally, the killer susceptibility of the isolates was tested against reference and indigenous killer yeasts on plate tests. Eight yeast species were identified among the clinical isolates: Candida albicans (52%), Candida parapsilosis (17%), Candida tropicalis (10%), Candida krusei (5%), Candida glabrata (4%) , Candida guilliermondii (4%) , Kluyveromyces lactis (4%) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (4%) . Sixty-nine percent of the isolates corresponding to the predominant species ( C. albicans) were related to vaginal infections. On the other hand, 61% of the yeasts associated with ocular infections were identified as C. parapsilosis. Two indigenous killer isolates DVMais5 and HCMeiss5, belonging to Pichia anomala and P. kluyveri respectively, exhibited the broadest killer spectrum against clinical isolates.

Effect of alternaria pathotoxin(s) on expression of p53-like apoptotic protein in calli and leaves of Brassica campestris.

Possible involvement of apoptosis was investigated in pathotoxin-treated and nutritionally-depleted in vitro cultured calli by comparing levels of p53-like protein. Antibodies raised against human p53 were used to detect and quantify p53 in B. campestris. Expression of p53-like protein increased from proliferating to static growth stage and reached to constant level at decaying stage. Both ELISA and dot immuno-binding assay showed that p53-like protein was over expressed in toxin treated and nutritionally depleted calli. Almost similar changes were seen in senescent damage in Brassica species indicating involvement of p53 dependent pathways.

Avirulent mutants of Macrophomina phaseolina and Aspergillus fumigatus initiate infection in Phaseolus mungo in the presence of phaseolinone; levamisole gives protection.

To evaluate the role of phaseolinone, a phytotoxin produced by Macrophomina phaseolina, in disease initiation, three nontoxigenic avirulent mutants of the fungus were generated by UV-mutagenesis. Two of them were able to initiate infection in germinating Phaseolus mungo seeds only in the presence of phaseolinone. The minimum dose of phaseoli-none required for infection in 30% seedlings was 2 5 mg/ml. A human pathogen, Aspergillus fumigatus was also able to infect germinating seeds of P. mungo in the presence of 5 mg/ml concentration of phaseolinone. Phaseolinone seemed to facilitate infection by A. fumigatus, which is not normally phytopathogenic, by reducing the immunity of germinating seedlings in a nonspecific way. Levamisole, a non-specific immunopotentiator gave protection against infection induced by A. fumigatus at an optimum dose of 50 mg/ml. Sodium malonate prevented the effects of levamisole.

In vitro strategies for selection of eye-spot resistant sugarcane lines using toxins of Helminthosporium sacchari.

In vitro strategies were applied for the selection of eye-spot resistant variants from susceptible sugarcane cultivar Co 419 Different selective units (callus and leaf) of the susceptible cultivar were subjected to sub-lethal to lethal doses of toxins (culture filtrate and partially purified toxin) of H. sacchari, with the objective of improving the efficacy of in vitro selection protocols. All the selective units gave more or less similar response with culture filtrate, but a distinct response was observed when leaf was subjected to partially purified toxin treatment. The response was characterised by the degree of resistance exhibited by the regenerated seedlings.

Killer toxin of Saccharomyces cerevisae Y500-4L active against fleischmann and Itaiquara commercial brands of yeast

The strain Saccharomyces cerevisae Y500-4L, previously selected from the must of alcohol producing plants and showing high fermentative and killer capacities, was characterized according to the interactions between the yeasts and examined for curing and detection of dsRNA plasmids, which code for the killer character. The killer yeast S. cerevisae Y500-4L showed considerable killer activity against the Fleischmann and Itaiquara commercial brands of yeast and also against the standard killer yeast K2 (S. diastaticus NCYC 713), K4 (Candida glabrata NCYC 388) and K11(Torulopsis glabrata ATCC 15126). However S. cerevisae Y500-4L showed sensitivity to the killer toxin produced by the standard killer yeasts K8 (Hansenula anomala NCYC 435), K9(Hansenula mrakii NCYC500), K10(Kluyveromyces drosophilarum NCYC575) and K11(Torulopsis glabrata ATCC 15126). No M-dsRNA plasmid was detected in the S. cerevisae Y500-4L strain and these results suggest that the genetic basis for toxin production is encoded by chromosoma DNA. The strain S.cerevisae Y500-4L was more resistant to the loss of the phenotype killer with cycloheximide and incubation at elevated temperatures (40§C) than the standard killer yeast S. cerevisae K1.

Neuropharmacological studies on Fusarium toxins-III: Neurochemical investigations on total toxin extracts from F. moniliforme and F. oxysporum.

Neurochemical effects of different fusarial toxins elaborated from F. moniliforme (FM) and F. oxysporum (FO) were investigated. FM showed significant nonspecific and irreversible monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition which was qualitatively comparable to that induced by nialamide, a nonselective MAO inhibitor. FO did not exhibit any significant MAO inhibitory effect. FM produced a dose related increase in monoamine concentrations (dopamine, noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine) in different rat brain areas namely, diencephalon-midbrain, caudate nucleus and pons-medulla. FO, on the contrary, produced marked increase in dopamine concentration in the caudate nucleus with concomitant reduction in noradrenaline levels in diencephalon-midbrain and pons-medulla with little effect on 5-HT concentration. The neurochemical effects of FM and FO are consonant with the earlier reports on the neuropharmacological profile of these toxins. Thus, FM was reported to have nialamide like activity, whereas FO actions were dopaminergic in nature.

Antimicrobial activities of mycotoxin MT81 and its structural derivatives.

Antimicrobial activities of mycotoxin MT81 and its acetylated, benzoylated and acetic acid derivatives were determined by zone inhibition method. MT81, acetylated MT81 and acetic acid MT81 exhibited sensitivity (31.25, 62.50, 62.50 micrograms/ml respectively) to all the test bacteria. Benzoylated-MT81 did not exhibit any activity even up to 1000 mcg/ml. MT81, its acetylated and acetic acid derivatives exhibited antifungal activity up to 62.5 micrograms/ml and 125.0 micrograms/ml respectively against test yeasts and other fungi. Benzoylated MT81 also exhibited antifungal activity but the degree was comparatively less.