ABSTRACT
Clinical and laboratory evidence is reviewed which shows that there is a great deal of variation in the susceptibility of Schistosoma mansoni to oxamniquine. This variation occurs both among endemic regions and within endemic regions in Brazil and Kenya. It is genetically controlled. It is suggested that the parasite possesses a large capacity for developing resistance to the drug and that resistance will develop where sufficient drug pressure is maintained.
Subject(s)
Schistosoma mansoni/drug effects , Schistosoma mansoni/genetics , Nitroquinolines/pharmacology , Oxamniquine , Drug ResistanceABSTRACT
One hundred eighty-four patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni from the northeast of Brazil were studied. All were treated with a single dose of Oxamniquine or Praziquantel, and were observed over 6 to 12 months. Special attention was given to the evolution of severe hepatopathy. Favourable results were obtained, particularly with the compensated hepatosplenic form. Hepatic function showed great improvement. Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were significantly reduced in size, to a greater or lesser extent, in the great majority of patients. The implications of the results obtained are considered below.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Oxamniquine/therapeutic use , Praziquantel/therapeutic use , Hepatomegaly/drug therapy , Nitroquinolines/therapeutic use , Splenomegaly , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Drug EvaluationABSTRACT
The effects of a single dose (100 mg/kg-body weight of mouse) of oxamniquine on the worm's tegument and paranchyma in relation to the process of immunological granulomatous reaction of the host's liver are described under light and electron microscopy (EM). The lesions caused by the drug are sequentially and simultaneously described in form of swelling, surface bulble and disruption with erosions. Ulceration in the tubercules with loss of spines is often more extensive and severe in male worms and concentration of host's mononuclear cells is observed. The possible role of host's immune response is discussed.
Subject(s)
Schistosoma mansoni/drug effects , Schistosoma mansoni/ultrastructure , Nitroquinolines/pharmacology , Oxamniquine/pharmacology , Microscopy, ElectronABSTRACT
The effect of treatment with oxamniquine and tartar emetic on humoral and cell mediated immunity was studied. The study was done on 30 male patients who were presented with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis [stage II], with active intestinal involvement. After oxamniquine, significant reduction in the IgG immunoglobulin level occurred. Also, improvement of both the suppressed number and function of the T-lymphocyte was observed denoting the reversal of the immunosuppressive state usually met with in schistosomiasis. Tartar emetic led to significant reduction of both IgG and IgE immunoglobulin levels, together with slight improvement in the number and function of T-lymphocytes. All the results were discussed and compared with similar work
Subject(s)
Nitroquinolines , Antimony Potassium TartrateABSTRACT
Forty adult male rabbits were divided into four groups: Control group, phenytoin [DPH] group, oxamniquine group and a combined group. Fasting blood samples were collected one hour after the last dose using the orbital technique of Riley. Estimation of serum free fatty acids [FFA], total cholesterol, triglycerides, and DPH are done. It was found that combined use of DPH and oxamniquine resulted in a significant increase of serum FFA, total cholesterol and triglyceride, while a nonsignificant increase was noticed in the phenytoin [DPH] group
Subject(s)
Phenytoin , Nitroquinolines , Animals, LaboratoryABSTRACT
The effect of oxamniquine was evaluated in albino mice infected with S. mansoni. The drug exerted a marked reduction in the worm burden, egg load and oogram changes. Besides, it caused a hepatic shift. Its effect was more marked on males than females, probably because of the former's large surface area. The transient increase in the egg extrusion four weeks post-treatment was accounted for by the diarroehal effect of the drug
Subject(s)
Nitroquinolines , Animals, Laboratory , Drug EvaluationABSTRACT
Fifty-three cases with pure active intestine hepatic S. mansoni infection were studied. Cell mediated immunity was evaluated by intradermal skin test [immediate, Arthus and delayed] using adult schistosomal antigen, PPD and Candida antigen before and 15 days after treatment with either oxaminiquine or praziquantel therapy. The relation between intensity of infection by egg count and schistosomal intradermal tests was also studied. The results were discussed
Subject(s)
Immunity, Cellular , Nitroquinolines , IsoquinolinesABSTRACT
Oxamniquine was administered orally to a group of mice infected with the Egyptian strain of S. mansoni. Each animal received a daily dose of 20 mg/kg for 3 consecutive mornings [a total dose of 60 mg/kg]. A 2nd group of mice served as infected untreated controls, a 3rd group as uninfected treated controls and a 4th one as healthy controls. The drug caused: 1] Complete eradication of faecal eggs. 2] Progressive degenerative changes of the cuticle, suckers, digestive and genital systems of both male and female worms till they were completely eliminated within 3 months. 3] Pathological examination of the liver, spleen, and intestines of treated animals showed absence of fresh ova starting 2 weeks after therapy till the end of the work. The pre-existing lesions in these organs showed progressive healing by such dose .No side-effects were observed. Divided doses proved to be more superior to administration once