ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the frequency and intensity of Moral Distress, and to analyze the associations between Moral Distress and sociodemographic and labor characteristics of the nursing team of a Hematology-Oncology. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 46 nursing professionals from a Hematology-Oncology sector of a hospital institution in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, through the application of the Moral Distress Scale - Brazilian version. In the data analysis, descriptive statistics and nonparametric association tests were used. Results: Mortal Distress intensity of 3.27 (SD= 1.79) and frequency of 1.72 (SD= 1.02) were found in this team. The Moral Distress of greater intensity and frequency were related to the denial of the role of Nursing as a patient's advocate and the disrespect to the patient's autonomy, respectively. Conclusion: It is suggested a greater space for discussion among professionals, multiprofessional team and managers, so that adequate conditions of action and communication are provided.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la frecuencia e intensidad del Sufrimiento Moral y analizar las asociaciones entre el Sufrimiento Moral y las características sociodemográficas y laborales del equipo de enfermería de un sector de Hemato-Oncología. Método: Estudio transversal, realizado con 46 profesionales de enfermería de un sector de Hemato-Oncología de una institución hospitalaria de Rio Grande do Sul, por medio de la aplicación de la escala Moral Distress Scale - Versión brasileña. Se empleó, en el análisis de los datos, estadística descriptiva y pruebas de asociación no paramétricas. Resultados: Se verificó una media de intensidad del Sufrimiento Moral de 3,27 (DP = 1,79) y la frecuencia de 1,72 (DP = 1,02) en ese equipo. El Sufrimiento Moral de mayor intensidad y frecuencia fueron referentes a la negación del papel de la enfermería como abogada del paciente y el irrespeto a la autonomía del paciente, respectivamente. Conclusión: Se sugiere mayor espacio de discusión entre profesionales, equipo multiprofesional y jefaturas, para que sean proporcionadas adecuadas condiciones de actuación y comunicación.
RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a frequência e intensidade do Sofrimento Moral, e analisar as associações entre Sofrimento Moral e características sociodemográficas e laborais da equipe de enfermagem de um setor de Hemato-Oncologia. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado com 46 profissionais de enfermagem de um setor de Hemato-Oncologia de uma instituição hospitalar do Rio Grande do Sul, por meio da aplicação da escala Moral Distress Scale - Versão brasileira. Empregou-se, na análise dos dados, estatística descritiva e testes de associação não paramétricos. Resultados: Verificou-se média de intensidade do Sofrimento Moral de 3,27 (DP = 1,79) e frequência de 1,72 (DP = 1,02) nessa equipe. O Sofrimento Moral de maior intensidade e frequência foram referentes à negação do papel da Enfermagem como advogada do paciente e o desrespeito à autonomia do paciente, respectivamente. Conclusões: Sugere-se maior espaço de discussão entre profissionais, equipe multiprofissional e chefias, para que sejam proporcionadas adequadas condições de atuação e comunicação.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Patient Care Team/standards , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis , Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology , Oncology Nursing/methods , Patient Care Team/trends , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Hematology/methods , Middle Aged , Nursing Staff, Hospital/standardsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To know the aspects involved in the production of subjectivity and autonomy of nursing professionals working in Pediatric Units. Method: An exploratory and descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, performed with users, professionals and nursing managers, totaling 44 participants. Data collection took place in the pediatric hospitalization units of two University Hospitals through semi-structured interviews, organized and treated by Nvivo 10 software and then submitted to content analysis. Results: The production of subjectivity and autonomy in nursing workers involves both the conditions of the work environment as the relation of the nursing team, the relation of hierarchy and the profile of the professional that works in the Pediatric Unit. Final considerations: The valorization path of the nursing profession emerges, whose knowledge and competence in the area of work contribute to the construction of autonomous subjectivities.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer los aspectos involucrados en la producción de subjetividad y autonomía de los profesionales de enfermería actuantes en Unidades Pediátricas. Método: Estudio exploratorio y descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo, realizado con usuarios, profesionales y gestores de enfermería, totalizando 44 participantes. La recolección de datos ocurrió en las unidades de internación pediátrica de dos Hospitales Universitarios por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas, organizadas y tratadas por el software Nvivo 10 y posteriormente sometidas al análisis de contenido. Resultados: La producción de subjetividad y autonomía en los trabajadores de enfermería involucra tanto las condiciones del ambiente de trabajo como la relación del equipo de enfermería, la relación de jerarquía y el perfil del profesional que actúa en la unidad de pediatría. Consideraciónes finales: Se desprende la trayectoria de valorización de la profesión de enfermería, cuyo conocimiento y competencia en el área de actuación contribuyen en la construcción de subjetividades autónomas.
RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer os aspectos envolvidos na produção de subjetividade e autonomia dos profissionais de enfermagem atuantes em Unidades Pediátricas. Método: Estudo exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com usuários, profissionais e gestores de enfermagem, totalizando 44 participantes. A coleta de dados ocorreu nas unidades de internação pediátrica de dois Hospitais Universitários por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, organizadas e tratadas pelo software Nvivo 10 e, posteriormente, submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: A produção de subjetividade e autonomia nos trabalhadores de enfermagem envolve tanto as condições do ambiente de trabalho como a relação da equipe de enfermagem, a relação de hierarquia e o perfil do profissional que atua na unidade de pediatria. Considerações finais: desponta a trajetória de valorização da profissão de enfermagem, cujo conhecimento e competência na área de atuação contribuem na construção de subjetividades autônomas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Professional Autonomy , Efficiency , Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology , Pediatric Nursing/standards , Interviews as Topic/methods , Workplace/standards , Workplace/psychology , Qualitative Research , Middle Aged , Nursing Staff, Hospital/standardsABSTRACT
Resumo OBJETIVO Descrever o processo de tradução e adaptação para cultura brasileira do Competency Evaluation Questionnaire para enfermeiros hospitalares. MÉTODOS Estudo metodológico de tradução e adaptação transcultural, compreendendo as etapas tradução do instrumento original para o português do Brasil, avaliação consensual das versões traduzidas, retrotradução, validação por juízes e piloto com 29 enfermeiros hospitalares do interior paulista, ocorrido em 2016. RESULTADOS Apresentaram as etapas do processo de adaptação transcultural do instrumento, com ajustes propostos por um Comitê de juízes, composto por 27 itens distribuídos em cinco domínios de competências para enfermeiros hospitalares. O instrumento adaptado para o português apresentou equivalência semântica, idiomática, experimental e conceitual com o original, e o valor total do Alpha de Cronbach 0,932, além da validação parente. CONCLUSÕES O Competency Evaluation Questionnaire demonstrou ser um instrumento confiável, possível de ser utilizado, mas não exclui a necessidade de futuros testes estatísticos visando à validade psicométrica.
Resumen OBJETIVO Describir el proceso de traducción y adaptación a la cultura brasileña de la encuesta evaluativa de competencias para enfermeros en hospitales. MÉTODOS Estudio metodológico sobre la traducción y adaptación cultural, que comprende la traducción del instrumento al portugués, la evaluación consensuada de las versiones traducidas, la retro-traducción, la traducción de validación por los jueces y un piloto con 29 enfermeras del hospital, que se produjo en 2016. RESULTADOS Se presentaron las etapas del proceso de adaptación transcultural, con ajustes propuestos por un comité de jueces, compuesto por 27 ítems distribuidos en cinco dominios de competencias para enfermeros de hospitales. El instrumento adaptado demostró equivalencia semántica, idiomática, experimental y conceptual al original, y cantidad total de alpha de Cronbach de 0,932, además de una validación relativa. CONCLUSIONES La Competency Evaluation Questionnaire demostró ser un instrumento confiable, posible de ser utilizado, pero no excluye la necesidad de futuras pruebas estadística con el objetivo de lograr una validez psicométrica.
Abstract OBJECTIVE Describe the process of translation and adaptation to Brazilian culture of the Competency Evaluation Questionnaire for hospital nurses. METHOD Methodological study of translation and cross-cultural adaptation, including the steps translation of the original instrument into Portuguese, consensual evaluation of translated versions, back - translation, validation by judges and pilot with 29 hospital nurses. RESULTS They presented the stages of process of cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument, with adjustments proposed by a Judges Committee, composed of 27 items distributed in five domains of competencies for hospital nurses. The instrument adapted to Portuguese presented semantic, idiomatic, experimental and conceptual equivalence with the original, and the total value of the Cronbach Alpha 0.932, in addition to the relative validation. CONCLUSIONS The Competency Evaluation Questionnaire has been shown to be a reliable instrument that can be used but does not exclude the need for future statistical tests aiming at psychometric validity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Translations , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Surveys and Questionnaires , Employee Performance Appraisal/methods , Nursing Staff, Hospital/standards , Brazil , Attitude of Health Personnel , Clinical Competence , LanguageABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the errors made by nursing staff workers who faced ethical-disciplinary actions. Method: Document, exploratory, quanti-qualitative research. The information was collected in 13 ethical-disciplinary actions of COREN BA, dated from 1995 to 2010, which had as object of complaint an error made by nursing staff workers. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the qualitative data was analyzed using the Human Error Theory and Sociology of Work. Results: Nursing technicians and assistants held most actions. The health institution, through the nursing service coordination, was the predominant complainer and the most frequent shift was daytime. Final considerations: The errors made by nursing staff workers demonstrate that error-producing conditions are present in the context of their occurrence in all actions, and understaffing and intensity of work are the most recurrent circumstances.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los errores cometidos por trabajadoras de enfermería, objeto de procesos ético-disciplinares. Método: Investigación documental, exploratoria, cuantitativa-cualitativa. Se recogieron las informaciones de 13 procesos ético-disciplinarios del COREn (Consejo Regional de Enfermería) de Bahía, durante el período comprendido entre 1995 y 2010, que tenían como objetivo denunciar errores cometidos por trabajadoras de enfermería. Los datos cuantitativos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva y en el análisis de los datos cualitativos se utilizó el abordaje de la Teoría del Error Humano y de la Sociología del Trabajo. Resultados: Las técnicas y auxiliares de enfermería son las trabajadoras más denunciadas. La principal denunciante fue la organización de la salud, a través de la coordinación del servicio de enfermería y el turno con más incidentes, el diurno. Consideraciones finales: Los errores cometidos por las trabajadoras de enfermería demuestran que las condiciones productoras de dichos errores están presentes en el contexto de todos los procesos, siendo el sub-dimensionamiento y la intensidad del trabajo, las circunstancias más recurrentes.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os erros cometidos por trabalhadoras da enfermagem alvo de processos ético-disciplinares. Método: Pesquisa documental, exploratória, quanti-qualitativa. As informações foram coletadas em 13 processos ético-disciplinares do COREn BA, no período 1995 a 2010, que tinham como objeto de denúncia erro cometido por trabalhadoras da enfermagem. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados com uso da estatística descritiva e a análise dos dados qualitativos utilizou-se a abordagem da Teoria do Erro Humano e da Sociologia do Trabalho. Resultados: As técnicas e auxiliares de enfermagem são as trabalhadoras mais denunciadas. A organização de saúde, por meio da coordenação do serviço de enfermagem, foi a maior denunciante e o turno de maior ocorrência foi diurno. Considerações finais: Os erros cometidos pelas trabalhadoras da enfermagem demonstram que condições produtoras do erro estão presentes no contexto de sua ocorrência em todos os processos, sendo o subdimensionamento e a intensidade do trabalho as circunstâncias mais recorrentes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Workplace/standards , Medical Errors/nursing , Nursing Staff, Hospital/standards , Social Conditions , Qualitative Research , Nursing Staff, Hospital/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the workload and size the nursing team using the scales TISS-28 and NEMS in a pediatric intensive care unit. Methods: An observational prospective study with a quantitative approach was conducted at the pediatric intensive care unit of a university hospital from Jan 1st, 2009 to Dec 31st, 2009. All children who remained hospitalized for more than 8 hours were included, with length of stay of 4 hours in case of death. Clinical data were collected and the Paediatric Index of Mortality 2 and the scores TISS-28 and NEMS were determined. The TISS-28 and NEMS were converted into working hours of the nursing team and sizing complied with the parameters of the Brazilian Federal Nursing Council. Pearson's correlation and the Bland-Altman model were used to verify the association and agreement between the instruments. Results: A total of 459 children were included, totaling 3,409 observations. The average values for the TISS-28 and NEMS were 20.8±8 and 25.2±8.7 points, respectively. The nursing workload was 11 hours by TISS-28 and 13.3 hours by NEMS. The estimated number of professionals by TISS-28 and NEMS was 29.6 and 35.8 professionals, respectively. The TISS-28 and NEMS showed adequate correlation and agreement. Conclusion: Time spent in nursing activities and team sizing reflected by the NEMS were significantly greater when compared to the TISS-28.
RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a carga de trabalho e dimensionar a equipe de enfermagem utilizando as escalas TISS-28 e NEMS em uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo observacional com abordagem quantitativa, realizado na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica de um hospital universitário, no período de 1o de janeiro de 2009 a 31 de dezembro de 2009. Foram incluídas todas as crianças que permaneceram internadas por mais de 8 horas, com duração de internação de 4 horas em caso de óbito. Foram coletados os dados clínicos, e determinados o Paediatric Index of Mortality 2 e as escalas TISS-28 e NEMS. O TISS-28 e o NEMS foram convertidos em horas de trabalho da equipe de enfermagem, e o dimensionamento seguiu os parâmetros do Conselho Federal de Enfermagem. A correlação de Pearson e o modelo de Bland-Altman foram utilizados para verificar a associação e a concordância entre os instrumentos. Resultados: Foram incluídas 459 crianças, totalizando 3.409 observações. As médias do TISS-28 e do NEMS foram 20,8±8 e 25,2±8,7 pontos, respectivamente. A carga de trabalho de enfermagem foi de 11 horas pelo TISS-28 e 13,3 horas pelo NEMS. A estimativa do número de profissionais pelo TISS-28 e NEMS foi de 29,6 e 35,8 profissionais, respectivamente. O TISS-28 e o NEMS apresentaram correlação e concordância adequadas. Conclusão: O tempo despendido nas atividades de enfermagem e o dimensionamento da equipe refletido pelo NEMS foram significativamente maiores quando comparados ao TISS-28.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Personnel Management , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/organization & administration , Workload/standards , Nursing Staff, Hospital/organization & administration , Brazil , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Prospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Workload/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, University , Nursing Assessment , Nursing Staff, Hospital/standards , Nursing Staff, Hospital/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivos: Identificar as incompatibilidades físico-químicas entre medicamentos administrados por via intravenosa em pacientes internados em um centro de tratamento intensivo adulto, bem como realizar orientações farmacêuticas para a administração de medicamentos incompatíveis. Métodos: Estudo transversal, prospectivo, de caráter quantitativo, realizado no período de julho a setembro de 2015. As incompatibilidades foram identificadas a partir da análise das prescrições dos pacientes disponíveis no sistema on-line do hospital. Foi realizada uma intervenção farmacêutica por meio de orientações quanto à preparação e à administração dos medicamentos incompatíveis. Após, verificou-se a adesão dessas orientações por parte da equipe da enfermagem. Resultados: Foram analisadas 100 prescrições; destas, 68 apresentaram incompatibilidade entre os medicamentos intravenosos prescritos. Foram encontradas 271 incompatibilidades, com média de 4,0 ± 3,3 incompatibilidades por prescrição. As incompatibilidades mais frequentes foram entre midazolam e hidrocortisona (8,9%), cefepime e midazolam (5,2%) e hidrocortisona e vancomicina (5,2%). Os medicamentos mais envolvidos em incompatibilidades foram o midazolam, a hidrocortisona e a vancomicina. As incompatibilidades foram mais frequentes entre um medicamento administrado por infusão contínua com outro de forma intermitente (50%). Das 68 prescrições que geraram orientação farmacêutica, 45 (66,2%) foram totalmente realizadas pela equipe de enfermagem. Conclusão: Os pacientes em cuidados intensivos estiveram sujeitos a uma elevada ocorrência de incompatibilidades. As incompatibilidades medicamentosas podem ser identificadas e evitadas com a presença do farmacêutico na equipe multidisciplinar, diminuindo a ocorrência de efeitos indesejáveis ao paciente.
ABSTRACT Objectives: This study sought to identify the physical and chemical incompatibilities among the drugs administered intravenously to patients admitted to an adult intensive care unit. We also aimed to establish pharmaceutical guidelines for administering incompatible drugs. Methods: This cross-sectional, prospective, and quantitative study was conducted from July to September 2015. Drug incompatibilities were identified based on an analysis of the patient prescriptions available in the hospital online management system. A pharmaceutical intervention was performed using the guidelines on the preparation and administration of incompatible drugs. Adherence to those guidelines was subsequently assessed among the nursing staff. Results: A total of 100 prescriptions were analyzed; 68 were incompatible with the intravenous drugs prescribed. A total of 271 drug incompatibilities were found, averaging 4.0 ± 3.3 incompatibilities per prescription. The most commonly found drug incompatibilities were between midazolam and hydrocortisone (8.9%), between cefepime and midazolam (5.2%), and between hydrocortisone and vancomycin (5.2%). The drugs most commonly involved in incompatibilities were midazolam, hydrocortisone, and vancomycin. The most common incompatibilities occurred when a drug was administered via continuous infusion and another was administered intermittently (50%). Of the 68 prescriptions that led to pharmaceutical guidelines, 45 (66.2%) were fully adhered to by the nursing staff. Conclusion: Patients under intensive care were subjected to a high rate of incompatibilities. Drug incompatibilities can be identified and eliminated by the pharmacist on the multidisciplinary team, thereby reducing undesirable effects among patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Drug Incompatibility , Intensive Care Units , Patient Care Team/organization & administration , Pharmacists/organization & administration , Infusions, Intravenous , Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Guideline Adherence , Professional Role , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/prevention & control , Hospitals, University , Middle Aged , Nursing Staff, Hospital/standardsABSTRACT
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:There is high prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders in general hospitals, thus triggering psychiatric risk situations. This study aimed to develop a psychiatric risk assessment checklist and routine for nurses, the Psychiatric Risk Evaluation Check-List (PRE-CL), as an alternative model for early identification and management of these situations in general hospitals.DESIGN AND SETTING:Ethnographic qualitative study in a tertiary-level private hospital.METHOD:Three hundred general-unit nurses participated in the study. Reports were gathered through open groups conducted by a trained nurse, at shift changes for two months. The questions used were: "Would you consider it helpful to discuss daily practice situations with a psychiatrist? Which situations?" The data were qualitatively analyzed through an ethnographic approach.RESULTS:The nurses considered it useful to discuss daily practice situations relating to mental and behavioral disorders with a psychiatrist. Their reports were used to develop PRE-CL, within the patient overall risk assessment routine for all inpatients within 24 hours after admission and every 48 hours thereafter. Whenever one item was present, the psychosomatic medicine team was notified. They went to the unit, gathered data from the nurses, patient files and, if necessary, attending doctors, and decided on the risk management: guidance, safety measures or mental health consultation.CONCLUSION:It is possible to develop a model for detecting and intervening in psychiatric and behavioral disorders at general hospitals based on nursing team observations, through a checklist that takes these observations into account and a routine inserted into daily practice.
CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO:Existe alta prevalência de transtornos mentais e comportamentais em hospitais gerais, propiciando situações de risco psiquiátrico. Este estudo objetivou desenvolver uma rotina e um check-list para enfermeiras, a Avaliação de Risco Psiquiátrico (ARP-CL), como modelo alternativo de identificação e manejo precoce destas situações no hospital geral.TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL:Pesquisa qualitativa etnográfica, em hospital particular terciário.MÉTODO:Trezentas enfermeiras de unidades gerais participaram do estudo. Os relatos foram coletados em grupos abertos, conduzidos por enfermeira treinada, durante passagens de plantão, por dois meses, através das questões: "Você consideraria útil discutir com um psiquiatra situações da sua prática diária? Quais situações?" Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente através do método etnográfico.RESULTADOS:Enfermeiras consideraram útil poder discutir rotineiramente com um psiquiatra situações relacionadas a transtornos mentais e de comportamento da sua prática diária. Seus relatos foram utilizados no desenvolvimento da ARP-CL, na rotina da avaliação de risco global do paciente, para todos os internados nas primeiras 24 horas e posteriormente a cada 48 horas. Quando um item era presente, a equipe de medicina psicossomática era notificada, indo à ala e coletando dados com a enfermagem, no prontuário do paciente, ou com o médico assistente, se necessário, decidindo conduta no risco: orientação, medidas de segurança ou consulta em saúde mental.CONCLUSÃO:É possível desenvolver um modelo de detecção e intervenção precoces para transtornos psiquiátricos e de comportamento num hospital geral baseado na observação de enfermeiras, através de check-list que leve em conta essas observações e de uma rotina inserida na prática diária.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Checklist/methods , Mental Disorders/prevention & control , Nurse-Patient Relations , Nursing Staff, Hospital/standards , Risk Assessment/methods , Anthropology, Cultural/methods , Behavior Observation Techniques/methods , Crisis Intervention/methods , Hospitalization , Hospitals, General , Mental Disorders/nursing , Patient Care Team/standards , Peer Group , Qualitative Research , Risk AssessmentABSTRACT
A 52-year-old woman undergoing azathioprine treatment for rheumatoid arthritis developed acute retinal necrosis a month after intravitreal dexamethasone (Ozurdex ®) implantation for posterior uveitis in the left eye. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) DNA was detected in the anterior chamber and vitreous samples on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Retinal detachment occurred despite systemic and intravitreal antiviral therapy. Favorable structural and functional outcomes were achieved after retinal surgery with silicone oil. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of acute retinal necrosis following placement of an Ozurdex® implant. Physicians practicing Ozurdex® implantations should be aware of this unusual but devastating complication. Extra caution and frequent follow-up are required in all immunocompromised patients receiving Ozurdex® implantation.
Uma mulher de idade de 52 anos em tratamento azatioprina para a artrite reumatóide desenvolveu necrose aguda de retina um mês após implantação Ozurdex® para uveíte posterior do olho esquerdo. DNA de varicela zoster (VZV) foi detectado em amostras de câmara anterior e vítreo por análise de PCR. Apesar da terapia antiviral sistêmica e intravítrea, o paciente apresentou descolamento de retina. Desfecho favorável estrutural e funcional foi obtida após a cirurgia retiniana com óleo de silicone. Pelo conhecimento dos autores, este é o primeiro caso relatado de necrose aguda de retina após a colocação de um implante Ozurdex®. Os médicos que implantam Ozurdex® devem estar cientes desta complicação incomum, mas devastadora. É necessário cuidado extra e acompanhamento frequente dos pacientes que recebam o implante Ozurdex® e apresentem qualquer condição imunocomprometedora.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Hand Disinfection/standards , Infection Control/methods , Medical Staff, Hospital/standards , Nursing Staff, Hospital/standards , Baltimore , Hospitals, University , Infection Control/standards , Models, Theoretical , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Program Evaluation , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To examine levels of teamwork and its relationships with clinical error reporting among Korean hospital nurses. METHODS: The study employed a cross-sectional survey design. We distributed a questionnaire to 674 nurses in two teaching hospitals in Korea. The questionnaire included items on teamwork and the reporting of clinical errors. We measured teamwork using the Teamwork Perceptions Questionnaire, which has five subscales including team structure, leadership, situation monitoring, mutual support, and communication. Using logistic regression analysis, we determined the relationships between teamwork and error reporting. RESULTS: The response rate was 85.5%. The mean score of teamwork was 3.5 out of 5. At the subscale level, mutual support was rated highest, while leadership was rated lowest. Of the participating nurses, 522 responded that they had experienced at least one clinical error in the last 6 months. Among those, only 53.0% responded that they always or usually reported clinical errors to their managers and/or the patient safety department. Teamwork was significantly associated with better error reporting. Specifically, nurses with a higher team communication score were more likely to report clinical errors to their managers and the patient safety department (odds ratio = 1.82, 95% confidence intervals [1.05, 3.14]). CONCLUSIONS: Teamwork was rated as moderate and was positively associated with nurses' error reporting performance. Hospital executives and nurse managers should make substantial efforts to enhance teamwork, which will contribute to encouraging the reporting of errors and improving patient safety.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Attitude of Health Personnel , Clinical Competence/statistics & numerical data , Cooperative Behavior , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospitals, Teaching , Logistic Models , Medical Errors/statistics & numerical data , Nursing Staff, Hospital/standards , Republic of Korea/epidemiology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objective To understand, together with nursing staff, the care needed to treat skin lesions in newborn children hospitalized in a neonatal unit. Method Qualitative research, of the convergent care type. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews, which were conducted from November to December 2012, in the neonatal unit of a hospital in southern Brazil. The participants were four auxiliary nurses, six nursing technicians and four nurses. Results The following three categories were designated: questions about what can be used in relation to newborn children; hospitalization can cause lesions on the skin of newborn children; and knowledge about care promotes professional autonomy. Conclusion There is an urgent need for staff to know more about the treatment of skin lesions, which would provide safer care for newborn children and would also support the autonomy of professional nurses in providing that care. .
Objetivo Conhecer, junto à equipe de enfermagem, os cuidados necessários para tratamento de lesões de pele em recém-nascidos internados em uma Unidade Neonatal. Método Pesquisa qualitativa do tipo Convergente Assistencial. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas nos meses de novembro a dezembro de 2012, na Unidade Neonatal de um hospital do Sul do Brasil. Participaram da pesquisa quatro auxiliares de enfermagem, seis técnicos de enfermagem e quatro enfermeiras. Resultados Originaram-se três categorias: dúvidas sobre o que se pode utilizar no recém-nascido; a internação pode acarretar lesões na pele do recém-nascido; e o conhecimento do cuidado promove autonomia profissional. Conclusão Torna-se urgente a necessidade de conhecimento da equipe sobre o tratamento de lesões, propiciando o atendimento mais seguro ao recém-nascido e favorecendo a autonomia do profissional enfermeiro na realização do cuidado. .
Objetivo Conocer, junto al equipo de enfermería, los cuidados necesarios para el tratamiento de lesiones de piel en recién nacidos internados en una Unidad Neonatal. Método Investigación cualitativa del tipo Convergente Asistencial. Los datos fueron obtenidos por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas, realizadas en los meses de noviembre a deciembre de 2012, en la Unidad Neonatal de un hospital del Sur de Brasil. Participaron de la investigación cuatro auxiliares de enfermería, seis técnicos de enfermería y cuatro enfermeras. Resultados Se originaron tres categorías: dudas acerca de lo que se puede utilizar en el recién nacido; la estancia hospitalaria puede causar lesiones en la piel del recién nacido; y el conocimiento del cuidado promueve autonomía profesional. Conclusión Se hace urgente la necesidad de conocimiento del equipo acerca del tratamiento de las lesiones, a fin de proporcionar una atención más segura al recién nacido y favorecer la autonomía del profesional enfermero en la puesta en marcha del cuidado. .
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Needs Assessment , Nursing Staff, Hospital , Professional Autonomy , Skin Diseases/nursing , Brazil , Clinical Competence , Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials/nursing , Hospitalization , Nursing Assessment/methods , Nursing Staff, Hospital/education , Nursing Staff, Hospital/standards , Qualitative Research , Skin Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
Objective To determine and to analyze the theoretical and practical knowledge of Nursing professionals on indirect blood pressure measurement. Methods This cross-sectional study included 31 professionals of a coronary care unit (86% of the Nursing staff in the unit). Of these, 38.7% of professionals were nurses and 61.3% nurse technicians. A validated questionnaire was used to theoretical evaluation and for practice assessment the auscultatory technique was applied in a simulation environment, under a non-participant observation. Results To the theoretical knowledge of the stages of preparation of patient and environment, 12.9% mentioned 5-minute of rest, 48.4% checked calibration, and 29.0% chose adequate cuff width. A total of 64.5% of professionals avoided rounding values, and 22.6% mentioned the 6-month deadline period for the equipment calibration. On average, in practice assessment, 65% of the steps were followed. Lacks in knowledge were primary concerning lack of checking the device calibration and stethoscope, measurement of arm circumference to choose the cuff size, and the record of arm used in blood pressure measurement. Conclusion Knowledge was poor and had disparities between theory and practice with evidence of steps taken without proper awareness and lack of consideration of important knowledge during implementation of blood pressure measurement. Educational and operational interventions should be applied systematically with institutional involvement to ensure safe care with reliable values. .
Objetivo Determinar e analisar o conhecimento teórico e prático de profissionais de Enfermagem sobre a medida indireta da pressão arterial. Métodos Estudo descritivo, transversal, com profissionais de Enfermagem de uma unidade coronariana. Participaram do estudo 31 sujeitos (86% da população), sendo 38,7% enfermeiros e 61,3% técnicos em enfermagem. A avaliação teórica ocorreu por meio de questionário validado, e a prática, com técnica auscultatória, em simulação, sob observação não participativa. Resultados Sobre o conhecimento teórico do preparo do cliente e ambiente, 12,9% citaram repouso de 5 minutos, 48,4% conferiram calibração e 29,0% escolheram o manguito correto. Já 64,5% evitaram o arredondamento dos valores, e 22,6% citaram o prazo semestral para a calibração dos aparelhos. Na avaliação prática, em média, 65% das etapas foram cumpridas. Dentre as lacunas desse conhecimento, destacaram-se a ausência de checagem da calibração do aparelho e do estetoscópio, a medida da circunferência braquial para escolher o manguito, e o registro do braço usado na medida. Conclusão: O conhecimento foi insatisfatório, com discrepâncias entre a teoria e a prática, com indícios de etapas cumpridas sem a devida consciência, e conhecimentos importantes negligenciados na execução da medida da pressão arterial. Intervenções educativas e operacionais devem ser sistematicamente aplicadas, com o envolvimento institucional, para garantir segurança da assistência com valores fidedignos. .
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Blood Pressure Determination/nursing , Coronary Care Units , Clinical Competence/standards , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Nursing Staff, Hospital/standards , Brazil , Blood Pressure Determination/standards , Cross-Sectional Studies , Clinical Competence/statistics & numerical data , Nursing Assistants/standards , Nursing Assistants/statistics & numerical data , Nursing Staff, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires , Time FactorsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to explore problems of clinical nurse performance appraisal system. METHODS: This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. The participants were purposively selected from clinical nurses working across all of the hospital units in a large metropolitan teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2012. Data were collected using five focus group interviews, which were audio taped. The number of participants in each group ranged from 7 to 10. The semi-structured interviews were guided by a set of nondirective questions, and continued until the data reached saturation. Data were analyzed using framework analysis. RESULTS: Four major themes regarding the problems of clinical nurse performance appraisal system emerged from the analysis of textual data. These themes were contextual problems, problems related to performance appraisal structure, problems related to performance appraisal process and those related to performance appraisal results. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study reveal that the nurse performance appraisal system confronts with various problems. Some of these problems are related to organizational context while the others concerned structure, process and results of the performance appraisal system. In order to achieve high quality of patient care as the final goal of performance appraisal, changing and revision of this system is necessary.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Clinical Competence , Employee Performance Appraisal/standards , Focus Groups , Iran , Nurse Clinicians/standards , Nursing Methodology Research , Nursing Staff, Hospital/standards , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
Background: A tight glycemic control of hospitalized patients increases the risk of hypoglycemia, whose management is not always optimal. Aim: To assess the hypoglycemia management competences of a multidisciplinary team in a clinical hospital. Material and Methods: An anonymous questionnaire about hypoglycemia management was answered by 11 staff physicians, 42 residents and 28 nurses of the department of medicine and critical care unit ofa university hospital. Results: Respondents had a mean of 60 percent of correct answers, without significant differences between groups. The capillary blood glucose level that defines hypoglycemia was known by most of the respondents, but the value that defines severe episodes was known only by 60 percent. The initial management and follow up was well known only for severe episodes. Less than 50 percento knew the blood glucose value that required continuing with treatment. Conclusions: Although most professionals are able to recognize hypoglycemia, the knowledge about is management if insufficient.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Clinical Competence/statistics & numerical data , Disease Management , Hypoglycemia/diagnosis , Medical Staff, Hospital/standards , Nursing Staff, Hospital/standards , Patient Care Team/standards , Attitude of Health Personnel , Blood Glucose/analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Glycemic Index , Hospitals, University , Hypoglycemia/therapy , Surveys and Questionnaires , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This methodological research was designed to develop performance evaluation key indicators (PEKIs) for management by objectives (MBO) and to estimate their weights for hospital nurses. METHODS: The PEKIs were developed by selecting preliminary indicators from a literature review, examining content validity and identifying their level of importance. Data were collected from November 14, 2007 to February 18, 2008. Data set for importance of indicators was obtained from 464 nurses and weights of PEKIs domain was from 453 nurses, who worked for at least 2 yr in one of three hospitals. Data were analyzed using chi-square-test, factor analysis, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process. RESULTS: Based upon Content Validity Index of .8 or above, 61 indicators were selected from the 100 preliminary indicators. Finally, 40 PEKIs were developed from the 61 indicators, and categorized into 10 domains. The highest weight of the 10 domains was customer satisfaction, which was followed by patient education, direct nursing care, profit increase, safety management, improvement of nursing quality, completeness of nursing records, enhancing competence of nurses, indirect nursing care, and cost reduction, in that order. CONCLUSION: PEKIs and their weights can be utilized for impartial evaluation and MBO for hospital nurses. Further research to verify PEKIs would lead to successful implementation of MBO.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Employee Performance Appraisal , Models, Nursing , Nursing Evaluation Research , Nursing Staff, Hospital/standards , Task Performance and AnalysisABSTRACT
Fundamento: O conhecimento teórico e as habilidades práticas das equipes de Suporte Básico de Vida (SBV) e Suporte Avançado de Vida (SAV) estão entre os determinantes mais importantes das taxas de sucesso em reanimação cardiopulmonar. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de um programa permanente de treinamento em SBV e SAV no conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem. Método: Estudo de corte transversal. A população foi composta por profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital de nível terciário. Foram realizadas avaliações antes e após o treinamento. Abordaram-se pontos críticos das diretrizes do International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). Resultados: Foram avaliados 213 profissionais (76 enfermeiros, 35,7 por cento; 38 auxiliares, 17,8 por cento; e 99 técnicos, 46,7 por cento). As médias na avaliação pré-curso foram estatisticamente diferentes (p<0,001) entre auxiliares (3,25), técnicos (3,96) e enfermeiros (4,69). Os profissionais solteiros e sem filhos apresentaram desempenho significativamente superior ao dos casados e com filhos (p=0,02 e 0,004 respectivamente). O nível de conhecimento pré-treinamento foi inversamente proporcional ao tempo transcorrido desde a conclusão da graduação ou curso técnico. As maiores deficiências foram relacionadas à abordagem inicial das vias aéreas, aos cuidados pós-ressuscitação e à técnica de massagem cardíaca externa. A média geral pós-curso foi 7,26. Os auxiliares alcançaram um desempenho de 131,2 por cento, os técnicos de 78,9 por cento e os enfermeiros de 85 por cento, sem diferença estatisticamente significante (p=0,43). Conclusão: O programa de treinamento permanente em SBV e SAV resultou em importante incremento no nível de conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem.
Background: The theoretical knowledge and practical skills of the Basic Life Support (BLS) and the Advanced Life Support (ALS) are among the most important determining factors of the cardiopulmonary reanimation success rates. Objective: Assess the impact of a permanent training program in BLS and ALS on the knowledge of nursing professionals. Method: Cross-sectional study. Population was made of nursing professionals of a tertiary level hospital. Assessments were carried out before and after training. The critical points of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) analysis were addressed. Results: 213 professionals were assessed (76 nurses, 35.7 percent; 38 assistants, 17.8 percent; and 99 technicians, 46.7 percent). Pre-course assessment average grades were statistically different (p<0.001) among assistants (3.25), technicians (3.96) and nurses (4.69). Single professional without kids showed performance significantly superior to married professional with kids (p=0.02 and 0.004 respectively). Pre-training level of knowledge was inversely proportional to the time elapsed since the completion of undergraduate course or technical course. Main deficiencies were related to the initial approach of airways, to post-resuscitation cares and to the external cardiac massage technique. The post-course general average grade was 7.26. Assistants achieved a performance of 131.2 percent, technicians, of 78.9 percent and the nurses, of 85 percent, with no significant statistic difference (p=0.43). Conclusion: The permanent training program in BLS and ALS resulted in important increment in the level of knowledge of nursing professionals.
Fundamento: El conocimiento teórico y las habilidades prácticas de los equipos de Soporte Básico de Vida (SBV) y Soporte Avanzado de Vida (SAV) están entre los determinantes más importantes de los índices de éxito en reanimación cardiopulmonar. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de un programa permanente de entrenamiento en SBV y SAV en el conocimiento de los profesionales de enfermería. Método: Estudio de corte transversal. La población estaba compuesta por profesionales de enfermería de un hospital de nivel terciario. Se realizaron evaluaciones antes y después del entrenamiento. Se abordaron puntos críticos de las directrices del International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). Resultados: Se evaluaron 213 profesionales (76 enfermeros, 35,7 por ciento, 38 auxiliares, 17,8 por ciento y 99 técnicos, 46,7 por ciento). Los promedios en la evaluación previa al curso fueron estadísticamente diferentes (p<0,001) entre auxiliares (3,25), técnicos (3,96) y enfermeros (4,69). Los profesionales solteros y sin hijos presentaron desempeño significativamente superior al de los casados y con hijos (p=0,02 y 0,004 respectivamente). El nivel de conocimiento previo al entrenamiento fue inversamente proporcional al tiempo transcurrido desde la conclusión de la graduación o curso técnico. Las mayores deficiencias estaban relacionadas al abordaje inicial de las vías aéreas, a los cuidados post resucitación y a la técnica de masaje cardíaco externo. El promedio general después del curso fue 7,26. Los auxiliares alcanzaron un desempeño del 131,2 por ciento, los técnicos del 78,9 por ciento y los enfermeros del 85 por ciento, sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p=0,43). Conclusión: El programa de entrenamiento permanente en SBV y SAV resultó en un importante incremento en el nivel de conocimiento de los profesionales de enfermería.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Advanced Cardiac Life Support/education , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/education , Clinical Competence/standards , Education, Nursing, Continuing/standards , Nursing Staff, Hospital/standards , Advanced Cardiac Life Support/nursing , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/nursing , Clinical Competence/statistics & numerical data , Educational Measurement/methods , Program Evaluation/methods , Socioeconomic Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The health of doctors and nurses is of paramount importance because they must be well to perform their jobs optimally under difficult conditions. However, the challenge of their working environment and the culture of their professions often lead to physical and mental illnesses. Despite this, there are several barriers to doctors and nurses seeking healthcare. In this study, the health status and health maintenance practices of doctors and nurses at two hospitals in Kingston, Jamaica, were assessed. This population was previously reported to have a 27% prevalence of probable mental distress based on the General Health Questionnaire 30 (GHQ30). Two hundred and twelve doctors and nurses were recruited into the study. The reported prevalence of chronic diseases was determined while mental health status was based on the GHQ30, reported signs and symptoms of stress and job satisfaction. Health maintenance practices studied included, health-seeking behaviour, willingness to seek counselling, reported source of emotional support and use of alcohol and tobacco as coping strategies. Although, less than 50% of study participants reported that they were satisfied with their job, the mean number of days missed from work in the "last six months" was less than two and a half days. The mean time for "last doctor's visit" for nurses and doctors in the current study were 0.93 and 2.4 years, respectively. Females were more willing to seek medical attention than males. More than 50% reported signs and symptoms of stress and major sources of emotional support were friends (55.7%), followed by spouses (36.0%) and colleagues (12.3%). The prevalence of chronic diseases was less than1% and alcohol and tobacco did not appear to be major coping strategies. The population appeared to be physically healthy and despite the known prevalence of probable mental distress, doctors and nurses appeared unwilling to seek healthcare. Probable barriers to seeking healthcare included confidentiality issues and the need to appear healthy to colleagues, patients and the community.
La salud de doctores y enfermeras es un asunto de importancia primordial porque ellos tienen que gozar de salud para poder realizar su trabajo de manera óptima bajo condiciones difíciles. Sin embargo, los retos de su ambiente de trabajo y la cultura de sus profesiones conducen a menudo a enfermedades físicas y mentales. A pesar de esto, existen varios obstáculos para los doctores y enfermeras que buscan el cuidado de la salud. En este estudio, se evaluaron el nivel de salud y las prácticas de mantenimiento de la salud de doctores y enfermeras en dos hospitales en Kingston, Jamaica. Previamente se reportó que esta población tenía una prevalencia de un 27% de probable distrés mental, sobre la base del Cuestionario General de Salud 30 (GHQ30). Se reclutaron doscientos doce doctores y enfermeras para el estudio. Se determinó la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas a partir de reportes, mientras que el nivel de salud se basó en el GHQ30, y los signos y señales de estrés así como la satisfacción del trabajo reportados. Las prácticas de mantenimiento de la salud estudiadas incluyeron el comportamiento de búsqueda de la salud, la disposición a buscar aconsejamiento, reportes de fuentes de apoyo emocional y uso del alcohol y el tabaco como estrategias de enfrentamiento. Aunque menos de 50% de los participantes en el estudio reportaron que estaban satisfechos con su trabajo, el número promedio de días de trabajo perdidos en "los últimos seis meses" fue menos de dos días y medio. El tiempo promedio de "la última visita del médico" para enfermeras y doctores en el estudio presente fue 0.93 y 2.4 años, respectivamente. Las mujeres estuvieron más dispuestas a buscar asistencia médica que los hombres. Más del 50% reportaron signos y síntomas de estrés, y las fuentes principales de apoyo emocional fueron los amigos y amigas (55.7%), seguidos por cónyuges (36.0%) y colegas (12.3%). La prevalencia de las enfermedades crónicas fue menos del 1%, y el alcohol y el tabaco no parecieron ser las estrategias principales de estrategias de enfrentamiento. La población parecía estar físicamente saludable y a pesar de la prevalencia conocida del probable distrés mental, tanto doctores como enfermeras parecían poco dispuestos a buscar atención a la salud. Los obstáculos probables a la búsqueda de la salud incluyeron problemas de confidencialidad y la necesidad de parecer saludable ante sus colegas, sus pacientes y la comunidad.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Health Behavior , Medical Staff, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Nursing Staff, Hospital/standards , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Absenteeism , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data , Jamaica/epidemiology , Job Satisfaction , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , PrevalenceABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop a performance measurement scale for nurses in the hospital setting and to test the reliability and validity of the scale. METHODS: This study was conducted in three phases including an application of conceptual framework, development of scale items, and test of validity and reliability of the scale. In order to test validity and reliability, data was collected from 1,966 nurses who work in twenty eight hospitals nation-wide. The data was analyzed by the SAS 8.0 program using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and reliability coefficients. RESULTS: The Performance measurement scale consisted of 4 factors which included competency, attitude, willingness to improve, and application of nursing process, and a total of 17 items. The Four factors explained 63.45% of the total variance, and Cronbach's alpha of the scale was .92. CONCLUSION: The performance measurement scale developed by this study is a reliable and valid instrument that is utilized effectively to evaluate the performance of hospital nurses. Furthermore, it could be used as a steping stone to assess educational needs of nurses, develop professionalism among nurses, and improve quality of nursing care in the hospital setting.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Employee Performance Appraisal , Models, Nursing , Nursing Evaluation Research , Nursing Staff, Hospital/standards , Reproducibility of Results , Task Performance and AnalysisABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop performance measure indicators for hospital nursing units based on a Balanced Scorecard (BSC). METHOD: This study was a methodological study. The development process consisted of 3 stages. The first stage was setting up strategies for nursing units from a nursing department's mission and vision. The second stage was developing performance measure indicators after a validity check. The third stage was modifying developed performance measure indicators and classifying them. RESULTS: 7 strategies were set up according to 4 perspectives of a BSC. 15 performance measure indicators for hospital nursing units were developed, and the indicators were divided into 8 independent indicators and 7 shared indicators according to the degree of performance responsibility. In addition, they were classified into two groups, 7 leading indicators and lagging indicators. CONCLUSIONS: The result of this study suggests that performance measure indicators for hospital nursing units provide a framework and method for nursing organizations' performance management. Also, the developed indicators are expected to provide valuable information for successful organization management.
Subject(s)
Humans , Quality Indicators, Health Care , Nursing Staff, Hospital/standards , Nursing Care/standardsABSTRACT
El número de pacientes infectados con el Virus de Inmunodefiencia Humana (VIH) se está incrementando a nivel mundial y por ende en Venezuela, esto implica una mayor exposición de los trabajadores de la salud (T.S.), con fluidos de estos pacientes, de manera que es importante recordar el enunciado de la O.M.S. donde enfatiza que "todo paciente debe ser tratado como si estuviera infectado con el V.I.H., u otros patógenos transmitidos por sangre". El riesgo de seroconversión después de accidentes (pinchazos) en el trabajador de salud es bajo: 0.3 por ciento, sin embargo se deben cumplir con las normas de bioseguridad en todos los pacientes. A continuación se revisarán normas de prevención de V.I.H. y hepatitis viral, las cuales tienen como finalidad proteger a los trabajadores de la salud y a los pacientes
Subject(s)
Hepatitis/prevention & control , HIV/immunology , Nursing Staff, Hospital/standards , Nursing Staff/standards , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control , Health PersonnelABSTRACT
La atención de la salud en el hospital requiere del concurso de personas, tecnologías y equipamientos que desde un espacio permiten el cumplimiento de sus objetivos. La interacción de éstos elementos determina la presencia de riesgos tanto para los pacientes como para el personal, si no se cumplen ciertas normas de bioseguridad. El enfoque de riesgo aplicado al sistema de atención hospitalaria constituye un interesante punto de vista del presente trabajo