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1.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 2007 Dec; 45(12): 1050-4
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-60492

ABSTRACT

The present study has been designed to investigate the effect of piracetam on morphine/ buprenorphine-induced antinociception in rats and effect of piracetam on morphine or minoxidil induced relaxation in KCl-precontracted isolated rat aortic ring preparation. Nociceptive threshold was measured by the tail flick test in rats. The cumulative dose responses of morphine or minoxidil were recorded in KCl-precontracted isolated rat aortic ring preparation. Piracetam attenuated buprenorphine-induced antinociception in rats. Piracetam significantly reduced the morphine and minoxidil induced relaxation in KCl precontracted isolated rat aortic ring preparation suggesting that piracetam interferes with opioid receptor and ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) opener mediated responses in vitro. Thus, it may be suggested that piracetam attenuates opioid effects by an opioid receptor-KATP channel linked mechanism.


Subject(s)
Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology , Animals , KATP Channels/drug effects , Male , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Opioid Peptides/drug effects , Piracetam/pharmacology , Rats , Receptors, Opioid/drug effects
2.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 32(10): 1217-22, Oct. 1999. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-252271

ABSTRACT

We have demonstrated that central administration of zinc in minute amounts induces a significant antidipsogenic action in dehydrated rats as well as in rats under central cholinergic and angiotensinergic stimulation. Here we show that acute third ventricle injections of zinc also block water intake induced by central ß-adrenergic stimulation in Wistar rats (190-250 g). Central inhibition of opioid pathways by naloxone reverses the zinc-induced antidipsogenic effect in dehydrated rats. After 120 min, rats receiving third ventricle injections of isoproterenol (160 nmol/rat) exhibited a significant increase in water intake (5.78 ± 0.54 ml/100 g body weight) compared to saline-treated controls (0.15 ± 0.07 ml/100 g body weight). Pretreatment with zinc (3.0, 30.0 and 300.0 pmol/rat, 45 min before isoproterenol injection) blocked water intake in a dose-dependent way. At the highest dose employed a complete blockade was demonstrable (0.54 ± 0.2 ml/100 g body weight). After 120 min, control (NaAc-treated) dehydrated rats, as expected, exhibited a high water intake (7.36 ± 0.39 ml/100 g body weight). Central administration of zinc blocked this response (2.5 ± 0.77 ml/100 g body weight). Naloxone pretreatment (82.5 nmol/rat, 30 min before zinc administration) reverted the water intake to the high levels observed in zinc-free dehydrated animals (7.04 ± 0.56 ml/100 g body weight). These data indicate that zinc is able to block water intake induced by central ß-adrenergic stimulation and that zinc-induced blockade of water intake in dehydrated rats may be, at least in part, due to stimulation of central opioid peptides


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Dehydration , Drinking/drug effects , Isoproterenol/pharmacology , Naloxone/pharmacology , Neurotransmitter Agents/administration & dosage , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects , Thirst/drug effects , Zinc/administration & dosage , Analysis of Variance , Injections, Intraventricular , Neurotransmitter Agents/pharmacology , Opioid Peptides/drug effects , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors , Zinc/pharmacology
3.
Salud ment ; 22(1): 52-9, ene.-feb. 1999. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-254577

ABSTRACT

Numerosas evidencias sugieren la existencia de un componente biológico en los mecanismos cerebrales de reforzamiento del alcohol. Las investigaciones en neurociencias se han centrado en el estudio de los sustratos neurales y los sistemas de neurotransmisores implicados en estos mecanismos. Varios estudios muestran que los sistemas dopaminérgico, serotoninérgico y de péptidos opioides en el cerebro juegan un papel clave en estos procesos. El alcohol aumenta la transmisión dopaminérgica y serotoninérgica en regiones cerebrales asociadas a las vía de recompensa. La administración de agonistas dopaminérgicos y serotoninérgicos reduce la ingesta de alcohol, mientras que la de antagonistas dopaminérgicos la aumenta. Algunos estudios sugieren que los receptores D2, 5HT1A y 5-HT3 participan en estas respuestas. El alcohol y los péptidos opioides comparten muchas características farmacológicas y exhiben efectos similares sobre el comportamiento en animales y en el hombre. Se ha postulado al sistema opioide como posible mediador de los efectos reforzadores positivos del alcohol. El consumo de la sustancia es alterado por la administración de péptidos opiodes exógenos, y el alcohol, a su vez, afecta la actividad del sistema opioide. El etanol modifica la síntesis y la liberación de algunos péptidos opioides, así como la actividad de los receptores opiáceos muy delta. Por otro lado, la administración de antagonistas selectivos de los receptores muy delta reduce la preferencia por alcohol y la ingesta de la sustancia en animales. Los antagonistas opiáceos como la naltrexona, reducen las propiedades reforzadoras del alcohol en bebedores sociales y disminuyen la ingesta excesiva de la sustancia. En consecuencia, es posible que la preferencia por alcohol esté asociada con una activación aumentada del sistema opioide. El desarrollo de agentes farmacológicos capaces de modificar la transmisión de los péptidos opioides, así como la de otros neurotransmisores en el cerebro, tiene un uso terapeútico potencial para el tratamiento del alcoholismo en humanos


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Opioid Peptides/biosynthesis , Opioid Peptides/drug effects , Neurotransmitter Agents , Substance-Related Disorders/metabolism , Cerebrum/drug effects , Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects , Alcohol Drinking/metabolism , Stimulation, Chemical , Neurochemistry , Dopamine , Serotonin
4.
Salud ment ; 21(5): 33-8, sept.-oct. 1998. graf, tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-248347

ABSTRACT

Se investigaron las alteraciones en el sistema de los opioides endógenos en el cerebro de la rata, inducidas por la administración de una dósis subconvulsivante de metrazol (PTZ) (30 mg/kg i.p.). Por medio de experimentos de microdiálisis, encontramos durante los primeros 60 min después del tratamiento, una liberación importante de opiodes endógenos en el hipocampo y la amígdala cerebral. Posteriormente, los valores regresaron a los niveles basales. Por autorradiografía se observó un decremento en los niveles de los receptores mu en varias estructuras cerebrales. Mediante el análisis de la unión a receptores las membranas cerebrales, se confirmó un decremento en el número de estos receptores, sin cambios en su afinidad. En la aplicación de la prueba de Randall-Sellito, se encontró un aumento en el umbral de respuesta a estímulos dolorosos, durante los primeros 30 min. después del PTZ. Finalmente, experimentos de hibridación in situ revelaron un incremento en los niveles de la proencefalina a las 24 hrs después del tratamiento. Nuestros resultados indican que la administración de dosis subconvulsivante de PTZ activan de manera importante al sistema de los opiodes endógenos. Estos cambios resultan relevantes para entender el proceso del epileptogénesis y los mecanismos involucrados en el mismo


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Adult , Pentylenetetrazole/administration & dosage , Pentylenetetrazole/pharmacokinetics , Enkephalins , Receptors, Opioid, mu/deficiency , Receptors, Opioid, mu/drug effects , Opioid Peptides/drug effects , Opioid Peptides , Amygdala/drug effects , Amygdala , Epilepsies, Myoclonic/chemically induced , Rats, Wistar , Hippocampus/drug effects , Hippocampus , Microdialysis/instrumentation , Microdialysis/methods
5.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 30(8): 981-4, Aug. 1997. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-197255

ABSTRACT

The intake of saccharin solutions for relatively long periods of time causes analgesia in rats, as measured in the hot-plate test, an experimental procedure involving supraspinal components. In order to investigate the effects of sweet substance intake on pain modulation using a different model, male albino Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g received either tap water or sucrose solutions (250 g/I) for 1 day or 14 days as their only source of liquid. Each rat consumed an average of 15.6 g sucrose/day. Their tail withdrawal latencies in the tail-flick test (probably a spinal reflex) were measured immediately before and after this treatment. An analgesia index was calculated from the withdrawal latencies before and after treatment. The indexes (mean + SEM,N = 12) for the groups receiving tap water for 1 day or 14 days, and sucrose solution for 1 day or 14 days were 0.09 + 0.04, 0.10 + 0.05, 0.15 + 0.08 and 0.49 + 0.07, respectively. One-way ANOVA indicated a significant difference (F(3,47) = 9.521, P<0.001) and the Tukey multiple comparison test (P<0.05) showed that the analgesia index of the 14-day sucrose-treated animals differed from all other groups. Naloxone-treated rats (N = 7) receiving sucrose exhibited an analgesia index of 0.20 + 0.10 while rats receiving only sucrose (n = 7) had an index of 0.68 + 0.11 (t=0.254, 10 degreed of freedom, P<0.03). This result indicates that the analgesic effect of sucrose depens on the time during which the solution is consumed and extends the analgesic effects of sweet substance intake, such as saccharin, to a model other than the hot-plate test, with similar results. Endogenous opioids may be involved in the central regulation of the sweet substance-produced analgesia.


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Male , Analgesia , Opioid Peptides/drug effects , Sucrose/pharmacology , Naloxone/pharmacology , Pain Measurement/drug effects , Rats, Wistar
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