Enfermedad de Osgood-Schlatter / Osgood-Schlatter Disease

Introducción: La enfermedad de Osgood-Schlatter afecta la tuberosidad anterior tibial. Ocasiona dolor e inflamación de la rodilla y un paulatino crecimiento de esta tuberosidad. En los exámenes radiológicos se observó el crecimiento y desprendimiento de la tuberosidad anterior tibial. Objetivo: Valorar la evolución radiológica de la enfermedad de Osgood-Schlatter junto a su evolución clínica desde su aparición en un niño. Caso clínico: Paciente masculino, de 11 años de edad, que acudió al Hospital Nacional Dr. Mario Catarino Rivas por presentar dolor moderado a intenso e inflamación leve en su rodilla izquierda, de varias semanas de evolución, luego de realizar moderada actividad física. En el Rayos X (postero-anterior y lateral) de la rodilla izquierda se observó una leve avulsión de la tuberosidad. Se diagnosticó Osgood-Schlatter. Se prescribió antiinflamatorios no esteroideos y reposo. Actualmente, a sus 14 años, el paciente presenta tumoración prominente de ambas tuberosidades, refiere dolor moderado al ejercitarse y al arrodillarse. Se realizaron Rayos X (vista postero-anterior y lateral) en ambas rodillas con el fin de comparar la evolución de su enfermedad después de tres años del diagnóstico. Se observó mayor avulsión de ambas tuberosidades anteriores tibiales. No hubo modificaciones en su tratamiento, ya que no refirió empeoramiento de los síntomas. Conclusiones: Con un diagnóstico clínico y radiológico se puede observar el progreso y severidad de la enfermedad de Osgood-Schlatter. Esta es benigna y su manejo, principalmente, es conservador(AU)

Introduction: Osgood-Schlatter disease affects the tibial anterior tuberosity. It causes pain and inflammation of the knee and gradual growth of this tuberosity. Radiological examinations showed the growth and detachment of the tibial anterior tuberosity. Objective: To assess the radiological evolution of Osgood-Schlatter disease along with the clinical evolution since the appearance in a child. Case report: An 11 year-old male patient came to Dr. Mario Catarino Rivas National Hospital due to moderate to intense pain and mild inflammation in his left knee, after his moderate physical activity for several weeks. X-rays (postero-anterior and lateral) of his left knee showed a slight avulsion of the tuberosity. Osgood-Schlatter was diagnosed. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and rest was prescribed. Currently, at 14, the patient has prominent tumor of both tuberosities, refering moderate pain when exercising and kneeling. X-rays (postero-anterior and lateral view) were performed on both knees in order to compare the evolution of the disease after three years of diagnosis. Greater avulsion of both tibial anterior tuberosities was observed. There were no modifications in the treatment, since he did not report worsening of symptoms. Conclusions: The progress and severity of Osgood-Schlatter disease can be observed with a clinical and radiological diagnosis. This disease is benign and its management is mainly conservative(AU)

Introduction: La maladie d'Osgood-Schlatter affecte la tubérosité tibiale antérieure (TTA). Cette affection provoque la douleur et l'inflammation du genou, et une croissance progressive de cette tubérosité. Les examens radiologiques ont permis de visualiser la croissance et l'arrachement de la tubérosité tibiale antérieure. Objectif: Évaluer l'évolution clinique et radiologique de la maladie d'Osgood-Schlatter depuis sa survenue chez un enfant. Cas clinique: Il s'agit d'un patient âgé de 11 ans qui s'est rendu à l'Hôpital National Dr Mario Catarino Rivas due à une douleur modérée à intense et une légère inflammation au niveau du genou gauche, d'une durée de quelques semaines, après activité physique modérée. Une légère avulsion de la tubérosité a été observée sur les clichés du genou gauche (vue antéro-postérieure et vue latérale). Il a été diagnostiqué de la maladie d'Osgood-Schlatter, et on lui a prescrit des anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (AINS) et du repos. Aujourd'hui, à l'âgé de 14 ans, le patient est atteint d'une tumeur proéminente au niveau de toutes les deux tubérosités; il se plaint d'une douleur modérée lorsqu'il fait des sports ou se met à genoux. Tous les deux genoux sont examinés au moyen des rayons X (vue antéro-postérieure et vue latérale), afin de comparer l'évolution de sa maladie trois ans après le diagnostic. On a trouvé une avulsion beaucoup plus grande au niveau de toutes les deux tubérosités. Le traitement n'a pas été modifié, car il n'y a pas eu d'aggravation des symptômes. Conclusions: Grâce aux diagnostics clinique et radiographique, on peut observer le progrès et la sévérité de la maladie d'Osgood-Schlatter. Cette affection est bénigne, et son traitement est essentiellement conservateur(AU)

Degenerative Diseases and Ultrasound-guided Intervention in Lumbar Spine

Degenerative disease of the spine affects all people and several distinct degenerative processes can be observed. These processes are associated with characteristic radiographic and pathologic abnormalities. Intervertebral osteochondrosis, spondylosis deformans, osteoarthritis of the facet joint, and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) are the major forms of degenerative diseases in lumbar spine. Ultrasound is frequently used to guide several lumbar procedures before and after operation, or just for nerve block and intra-articular injection even though fluoroscopy have been used preferentially in interventional procedures due to well visualization of the needle and of the spreading of the injections. However, more and more clinicians have applied ultrasound-guided intervention with several advantages, such as no radiation exposure, relatively inexpensive in cost, and smaller space in occupancy. We reviewed sonoanatomy and well established several ultrasound-guided interventions in lumbar spine, such as medial branch block, facet joint injection, caudal block, and lumbar epidural block.

Low profile ilizarov frame in correction of varus deformity in patients with adolescent blount's disease

Background: Adolescent Blount disease or late onset tibia vara constitutes the most common cause of pathologic genu varum in late childhood and adolescence. It is a developmental condition characterized by disordered endochondral ossification of the posteromedial part of the proximal tibial physis resulting in multiplanar deformities of the lower limb

Objective: the aim of this work was to evaluate the results of treatment of acute correction of varus deformity in patients with Blount disease by using low profile Ilizarov frame

Patients and Methods: It is a retrospective and a prospective study for 10 patients who had adolescent Blount disease treated by acute correction using low profile Ilizarov frame. We looked principally into the following variables to evaluate the results of the treatment: Deformity correction [expressed as mechanical axis restoration], the average normal values were used as a reference [medial proximal tibial angle, 85-90; posterior proximal tibial angle, 77-84; thigh-foot angle, +10 external rotation]

Results: the patients were 9 boys [90%] and one girl [10%]. The mean age at presentation was 13.60 years, range [ 11- 17 years] , 6 patients [60%] presented with unilateral affections and 4 patients [40%] presented with bilateral affection. Mean preoperative to postoperative changes of MPTA from 74.57 [range 65-80] improved to 89.21 [range 86-95], Mean preoperative to postoperative changes of PPTA from 74.21 [range 66-80] improved to 79.07 [range 77-82] , Mean preoperative to postoperative changes of MAD from 31.14 mm [range 18-45 mm] improved to 3.64 mm [range 0-8 mm]. Mean preoperative to postoperative changes of TFA from -23.57 [range -30 -15] of internal tibial torsion improved to 5.36 [range 0-10] of external tibial torsion

Conclusion: Management of adolescent Blount disease by acute correction strategy using a low profile Ilizarov is a safe technique offering excellent results with low incidence of complications. Low profile Ilizarov is lighter and less bulky so more comfortable for patients than classic Ilizarov external fixation , Acute correction technique can achieve the same result of correction as gradual correction technique in patient with no limb length discrepancy , Acute correction offers a shorter time in frame as compared to gradual correction with fewer follow-up visits and exposure to radiation

Surgical Technique for Distal Femur Varization Osteotomy / 대한정형외과학회잡지

A closing wedge distal femoral osteotomy is a procedure to reduce pain and delay the progression of degenerative arthritis of knee by moving the weight bearing line from the lateral compartment to the medial side while preserving the knee joint. Age, weight bearing line, and the degree of arthritis are the essential factors to be considered at the time of surgery. The indications for distal femoral osteotomy are as follows. All patients are aged less than 65 years old, normal medial compartment of the knee with normal patello femoral joint, valgus deformity with lateral degenerative arthritis, younger patients with lateral osteochondritis, congenital osteochondrosis, and recurrent patellar dislocation with genu valgum. The distal femoral osteotomy provides the advantages of rapid pain reduction and short rehabilitation in young and active patients and patients who are subjected to heavy loads on the knee.

Enfermedad de Osgood-Schlatter en un adolescente deportista: Caso clínico / Osgood-Schlatter disease in adolescent athlete: Case report

El dolor de rodilla es uno de los síntomas musculoesqueléticos más frecuentes en jóvenes físicamente activos y aparece, sobre todo, en adolescentes varones. Dentro del diagnóstico diferencial, hay que considerar entidades habituales de diagnóstico clínico, como la osteocondrosis apofisaria, y también otras en las que se precisan estudios complementarios. Se presenta el caso de un varón deportista de 12 años con dolor continuo en la rodilla derecha que se intensificaba con la actividad física y la presión directa. Se hizo el diagnóstico de enfermedad de Osgood-Schlatter mediante los datos exploratorios, reproducción del dolor ante la palpación a punta de dedo sobre la tuberosidad tibial anterior, y se confirmó mediante radiología. Se describe esta entidad y otras derivadas de la sobreutilización en la actividad física con las que hacer diagnóstico diferencial; se insiste en las medidas preventivas en cuanto a una correcta orientación en la actividad deportiva.

Knee pain is one of the most frequent musculoskeletal symptoms in young physically active males. Common entities of clinical diagnosis as osteochondritis/apophysitis and others that need complementary studies should be considered in the differential diagnosis. We present the case of a 12-year-old male athlete with continuous pain in his right knee that intensifies with physical activity and with direct pressure. Diagnosis of Osgood-Schlatter disease is made by exploratory data, pain-to-finger palpation on the anterior tibial tuberosity, and is confirmed by radiology. This entity is described as well as the main pathologies derived from overuse to make differential diagnosis and to stress preventive measures regarding a correct orientation in the sport activity.

Patrones radiológicos normales del calcáneo en niños / Aspects radiologiques normaux du calcanéum chez l'enfant / Calcaneus Normal Radiological Patterns in Children

Introducción: en niños es frecuente el dolor en el talón luego de caminar, siendo necesario tener una radiografía convencional. No encontramos en la literatura revisada una descripción del desarrollo radiológico del calcáneo en niños. Frecuentemente se asocia la hiperdensidad y fragmentación de la apófisis posterior con la enfermedad de Sever, sin embargo, estas características se han descrito en niños asintomáticos. Objetivo: describir las características radiológicas del calcáneo en niños, según grupos etarios y especificar aquellas que se relacionan con el desarrollo del núcleo de osificación de la apófisis. Método: estudio observacional descriptivo tipo corte transversal. Población: radiografías de niños entre 5 a 15 años de edad. Se realizó una descripción radiológica y diferentes medidas para comparar entre los subgrupos. Resultados: se obtuvieron 148 radiografías, solo se identificó 1 núcleo de osificación de la apófisis posterior. El proceso de osificación y fusión fue más temprano en niñas que en niños en aproximadamente 2 años, con inicio entre 6 a 8 años y terminación entre 13 a 15 años. El patrón de osificación inició en la mitad inferior del calcáneo y continuó hacia la parte superior. En 26 por ciento de las radiografías se observaron hendiduras y la hiperdensidad fue una característica común en el 89 por ciento de estas. Conclusiones: se describen las características radiológicas normales del calcáneo en niños y la osificación del núcleo de la apófisis posterior, estableciendo diferencias por edad y sexo. El aumento de su densidad y la presencia de hendiduras son características normales y no indican enfermedad(AU)

Introduction: In children, heel pain is frequent after walking, requiring conventional radiograph. The reviewed literature did not provide a description of calcaneus radiological development in children. Hyperdensity and fragmentation of the posterior apophysis are frequently associated with Sever's disease; however, these characteristics have been described in asymptomatic children. Objective: Describe the calcaneus radiological characteristics in children, according to age groups and specify those related to the development of the apophysis ossification nucleus. Method: A descriptive observational cross-sectional study was conducted. Population: X-rays of children between 5 and 15 years of age. A radiological description and different measures were performed to compare the subgroups. Results: 148 radiographs were obtained, only one posterior apophysis ossification nucleus was identified. The ossification and fusion process was earlier in girls than in boys in approximately 2 years, starting between 6 and 8 years and ending between 13 and 15 years. The ossification pattern started in the calcaneus lower half and continued toward the top. Slots were observed in 26 percent of the radiographs and hyperdensity was a common feature in 89 percent. Conclusions: The calcaneus normal radiological characteristics in children and ossification of the nucleus of the posterior apophysis are described, establishing differences by age and sex. Increased density and the presence of clefts are normal features and do not indicate disease(AU)

Introduction: Les enfants se plaignent souvent d'une douleur au talon après la marche, ce qui demande une radiographie conventionnelle. Dans la révision de la littérature, aucune description radiologique du développement du calcanéum chez l'enfant n'a été trouvée. L'hyperdensité et la fragmentation de l'apophyse postérieure du calcanéum sont souvent associées à la maladie de Sever, mais ces caractéristiques sont aussi décrites chez l'enfant asymptomatique. Objectif: Décrire les caractéristiques radiologiques du calcanéum chez l'enfant selon tranches d'âge et définir celles qui sont associées au développement du noyau d'ossification de l'apophyse. Méthode: Étude observationnelle et descriptive type transversal. Population : Enfants âgés de 5 à 15 ans. Une description radiographique et plusieurs mesures ont été réalisées afin de comparer les sous-groupes. Résultats: Sur 148 clichés radiographiques, un seul noyau d'ossification de l'apophyse postérieure a été identifié. D'une durée de 2 ans environ, le processus d'ossification et fusion s'est déclenché plus précocement chez les filles que chez les garçons, avec un début à l'âge de 6 à 8 ans et une fin à l'âge de 13 à 15 ans. L'ossification a débuté au niveau de la partie moyenne inférieure du calcanéum, et s'est étendue vers la partie supérieure. On a trouvé des fissures dans 26 pourcent des clichés radiographiques, et l'hyperdensité a été fréquente dans 89 pourcent des cas. Conclusions: On a réalisé une description des caractéristiques radiologiques normales du calcanéum et de l'ossification du noyau de l'apophyse postérieure chez l'enfant, déterminant les différences par âge et sexe. L'augmentation de la densité et la présence de fissures sont des caractéristiques normales et n'indiquent pas de maladie(AU)

Fractura por avulsión de la tuberosidad anterior de la tibia en adolescentes / Fracture-avulsion de la tubérosité tibiale antérieure chez l'adolescent / Avulsion fracture of the anterior tuberosity of the tibia in adolescents

Las fracturas por avulsión de la tuberosidad anterior de la tibia ocurren generalmente en adolescentes atletas. Estas lesiones son más frecuentes en el sexo masculino y su incidencia puede cifrarse entre el 0,4 por ciento al 2,7 porciento del total de las lesiones epifisarias. Presentamos un adolescente masculino de 15 años de edad, que durante la práctica de voleibol sufrió fractura por avulsión de la tuberosidad anterior de la tibia tipo II A de Odgen. Se le realizó reducción abierta y fijación interna e inmovilización. No presentó complicaciones. Hacemos una revisión de esta entidad por ser poco frecuente(AU)

Avulsion fractures of the anterior tuberosity of the tibia generally occur in adolescent athletes. These lesions are more frequent in males and their incidence can range 0.4 percent to 2.7 percent of the total epiphyseal lesions. We present a 15-year-old male adolescent, who during the volleyball practice suffered an avulsion fracture of the anterior tuberosity tibia Odgen type II A. He underwent open reduction and internal fixation and immobilization. He had no complications. A review of this entity is conducted since it is rare(AU)

Les fractures-avulsion de la tubérosité tibiale antérieure se produisent généralement chez de jeunes athlètes. Ces lésions touchent souvent les garçons, et leur incidence peut aller de 0,4 pourcent à 2,7 pourcent de la totalité des lésions épiphysaires. Le cas d'un garçon âgé de 15 ans, ayant souffert une fracture-avulsion de la tubérosité tibiale antérieure type IIA selon la classification d'Odgen au cours de sa pratique de volleyball, est présenté. Il a subi alors une réduction ouverte et fixation interne, ainsi qu'une immobilisation. Il n'a pas eu de complication. Due à sa rareté, une révision de cette affection est réalisée(AU)

Panner's Disease Occurred in a Five-year-old Child: A Preliminary Case Report

Panner's disease, osteonecrosis of the capitellum of the elbow, was first reported by Panner in 1927. The disease occurs mainly in boys between 6 and 15 years old and shows unilateral distribution. Pain, stiffness, localized tenderness over the lateral condyle of the elbow, and decreased range of motion are the typical clinical symptoms. Conservative treatment is generally recommended for patients in the early stage of this disease. A few cases of Panner's disease have been reported and few are related to long-term follow-up results. To the best of our knowledge, all reported cases were over six years. Therefore, we report on a five-year-old boy diagnosed as Panner's disease that showed resorption and regeneration of the humeral capitellum with no limitation of motion over three years. The current study was exempted from review by the institutional review board because it was a single retrospective case report. Informed consent was obtained from the patient's guardian.

Panner's Disease Occurred in a Five-year-old Child: A Preliminary Case Report

Panner's disease, osteonecrosis of the capitellum of the elbow, was first reported by Panner in 1927. The disease occurs mainly in boys between 6 and 15 years old and shows unilateral distribution. Pain, stiffness, localized tenderness over the lateral condyle of the elbow, and decreased range of motion are the typical clinical symptoms. Conservative treatment is generally recommended for patients in the early stage of this disease. A few cases of Panner's disease have been reported and few are related to long-term follow-up results. To the best of our knowledge, all reported cases were over six years. Therefore, we report on a five-year-old boy diagnosed as Panner's disease that showed resorption and regeneration of the humeral capitellum with no limitation of motion over three years. The current study was exempted from review by the institutional review board because it was a single retrospective case report. Informed consent was obtained from the patient's guardian.

Correlation between Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of the Patellar Tendon and Clinical Scores in Osgood-Schlatter Disease

PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in young adults with symptomatic Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) and compare those in young adults without OSD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared MRI findings between young adults with OSD (OS group, n=30) and the equivalent number of young adults without OSD (control group). Visual analog scale scores and Kujala scores were evaluated and correlation analysis was performed in the OS group. RESULTS: In the OS group, MRI revealed that the patellar tendon was attached to the tibia more widely, resulting in a reduced free tendon portion, and more proximally to the articular surface (p<0.001). The correlation analysis between MRI findings and clinical scores showed statistically significant correlations (p<0.01). In the OS group, 43% presented with patellar tendinopathy or bone marrow edema at the distal attachments. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the control group, the relatively small free portion and relatively proximal attachment of the patellar tendon were observed with MRI in the OS group. The free portion of the patellar tendon was positively correlated with the clinical scores. Patellar tendinopathy was also frequently encountered in the OS group.

Enfermedad de Sever bilateral: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Bilateral Sever disease: a case report and literature review

La apofisitis del calcáneo o "Enfermedad de Sever" es la inflamación dolorosa de la apófisis del calcáneo. Es un problema común en los niños en crecimiento del hemisferio occidental. Fue descrita por primera vez en 1912. Se caracteriza por presentarse con dolor en la cara posterior y plantar del talón. El diagnóstico es clínico y complementariamente se pueden realizar estudios radiográficos. Con respecto al tratamiento, lo más importante es aliviar el dolor y prevenir las complicaciones para que el niño se pueda incorporar nuevamente a sus actividades. Se presenta el caso de paciente masculino, de 10 años de edad, con diagnóstico de osteocondrosis del calcáneo o "Enfermedad de Sever"(AU)

The calcaneal apofisitis or "Sever's Disease" is the painful inflammation of the calcaneal apophysis. It's a common problem in growing children in the Western Hemisphere. It was first described in 1912. It features presented with pain in the posterior and plantar aspects of the heel. The diagnosis is clinical and can be complementary with radiographic studies. The most important in treatment is to relieve the pain and prevent complications, so that the child can be incorporated back into their activities. We present the case of male patient, 10 years old, diagnosed with osteochondrosis of the calcaneus or "Sever's Disease(AU)

Freiberg's Disease and Metatarsophalangeal Joint Instability / 대한족부족관절학회지

Freiberg's disease is a osteochondrosis of a metatarsal head that is recognized as primarily a disorder of the second metatarsal. It is seen more often in girls. Pain and limitation of motion of the affected joint is the predominant clincal feature. The radiographic appearance demonstrates from osteosclerosis in the early stage to osteolysis with collapse in the later stage. Conservative therapy may take the form of rest, a stiff shoe, and even a cast support to decrease the stress across the joint. Surgical intervention may also be of benefit. Surgery have been attempted either to modify the diseae process or to salvage the situation once the metatarsophalangeal joint develops degenerative changes. Metatarsophalangeal joint instability is common cause of forefoot pain that can develop in association with a traumatic episode and inflamatory tissue disorders as well as neighboring toe deformities. The second ray is by far the most frequently involved. The diagnosis can be made by clinical observation and physical examination including drawer test. Many surgical procedures have beem recommended when conservative treatment has failed. Procedures described range from soft tissue releases and tendon trasfer to the direct plantar plate repair combined with a Weil osteotomy.

Osteocondrose bilateral de côndilos femorais laterais: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Bilateral osteochondrosis of lateral femoral condyles: case report and literature review

A osteocondrose é uma falha na ossificação subcondral com predileção pelo esqueleto imaturo e cuja etiologia permanece indefinida. Pode afetar os côndilos femorais (geralmente o medial), e o acometimento é, na maioria, unilateral. Os autores chamam a atenção desse diagnóstico, geralmente tardio por sua ocorrência infrequente, e relatam o caso raro de uma criança com osteocondrose bilateral de côndilos femorais laterais, ressaltando que, até o presente momento, apenas um caso semelhante foi descrito na literatura.

Osteochondrosis is an injury on subchondral ossification with predominance of immature skeleton and whose etiology remains unknown. It may affect the femoral condyles (usually the medial condyle) and the involvement is mostly unilateral. The authors draw the attention to this usually late diagnosis due to its infrequent occurrence and report a child's rare case of bilateral osteochondrosis on lateral femoral condyles, stressing that just one similar case has been described in the orthopaedic literature up to the present time.

Lesiones deportivas en niños y adolescentes / Pediatric and adolescent sports injuries

El aumento en la actividad deportiva de niños y adolescentes ha derivado en un aumento de las lesiones esqueléticas atribuidas a la actividad física. El aparato locomotor infantil presenta particularidades que hacen que los patrones de lesión difieran a lo que ocurre en los adultos. Se producen lesiones agudas y de sobrecarga que se presentan en edades y sitios específicos. Debido a la alta frecuencia de aparición de ellas, es necesario que los médicos que atienden niños estén familiarizados con los cuadros más frecuentes. En este artículo se revisan los aspectos más importantes de las principales lesiones deportivas en niños y adolescentes resumiendo las principales consideraciones diagnósticas, terapéuticas y pronósticas.

The increase in sport activity of children and adolescents has led to an increase in skeletal lesions attributed to physical activity. The children’s musculoskeletal system presents particularities that make injury patterns defer to those that occur in adults. Acute and overluse injuries are produced, which occur in specific locations and ages. Due to the high frequency of their occurrence, it is necessary that physicians who treat children are familiar with the most frequent conditions. In this article the most important aspects of major sports injuries in children and adolescents are reviewed by summarizing the main diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic considerations.

Enfermedad de Nora: proliferación osteocondromatosa parostal atípica / Nora´s Disease: atypical parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation

La proliferación osteocondromatosa parostal atípica es una entidad muy inusual de los dedos de los pies y de las manos, y ocasionalmente, en otros sitos del esqueleto; es, igualmente, una entidad muy infrecuente en nuestro medio; este es el segundo caso reportado en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC) de Bogotá, Colombia, y hay menos de 100 casos en la literatura en inglés. Es una entidad a la que fácilmente se olvida o se desconoce, por su rareza, presenta un riesgo importante de error en la mayoría de los casos por sobrediagnóstico. En la actualidad se debate si esta dolencia es o no una verdadera neoplasia, debido al conocimiento más profundo de los mecanismos de condrogénesis y osteogénesis a escala molecular, y que bien podrían transformar la metodología y la nomenclatura del diagnóstico y las modalidades terapéuticas de las neoplasias osteoesqueléticas y de los tejidos blandos. En este trabajo se presenta un caso de enfermedad de Nora, junto con un sucinto resumen de la clínica, las imágenes y los hallazgos en patología quirúrgica, y con una discusión y una actualización sobre el estado del conocimiento de esta enfermedad.

Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation is a rare disease of the toes and fingers; occasionally occurring at other sites in the skeleton. However, it is highly uncommon in our population: this case is only the second reported at the National Cancer Institute of Colombia, and there are fewer than 100 cases mentioned in the English language literature. In most cases, the risk of over-diagnosis is high. Debate currently centers on whether this ailment is a true neoplasia, in light of what little is known of its chondrogenesis and ossification at the molecular level-greater knowledge of which could transform the diagnostic methodology and nomenclature, as well as therapeutic approaches for the osteoskeletal neoplasia and soft tissues. We present a case of Nora´s disease, accompanied by a concise clinical summary with surgical pathology images and findings, along with a discussion on the current state of knowledge of this disease.

Limb Angular Deformity Correction Using Dyna-ATC: Surgical Technique, Calculation Method, and Clinical Outcome

PURPOSE: Dyna-ATC is a unilateral external fixator with angulator, lengthener, and translator, which allows for angular correction and compensation of the secondary displacement during angular correction. The purpose of this study is to introduce surgical technique and calculation methods and to evaluate the clinical outcome of angular deformity correction using Dyna-ATC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The amounts of secondary displacement were calculated with the distances between axis of correction of angulation, Center of Rotational Angulation, and osteotomy and the amount of angular deformity. The rate of angular correction was determined to distract the corticotomy at 1 mm/day. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was performed on 13 patients who underwent deformity correction using Dyna-ATC. There were 8 proximal tibia vara, 1 tibia valga, 2 varus and 4 valgus deformities on distal femur. One patient underwent pelvic support femoral reconstruction. Concomitant lengthening was combined in all femur cases. Mean age at surgery was 17.5 years (7 to 64). RESULTS: All but one achieved bony healing and normal alignment with the index procedure. Mean mechanical axis deviation improved from 31.9 mm to 3.0 mm. The average amount of angular correction was 11.0degrees on tibiae and 10.0degrees on femora. The average length gain on femora was 6.4 cm, and the healing index averaged to 1.1 mo/cm. One patient underwent quadricepsplasty and one patient had three augmentation surgeries due to poor new bone formation. CONCLUSION: We believe that Dyna-ATC is a useful alternative to bulky ring fixators for selective patients with angular deformity less than 30 degrees in the coronal plane around the knee joint.