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1.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 121(5): e202201449, oct. 2023. ilus
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1509734

ABSTRACT

La osteomielitis primaria de esternón es muy infrecuente en niños, con menos de 100 casos publicados hasta la actualidad. Su presentación clínica es a menudo inespecífica, lo que causa un retraso en el diagnóstico. Se presentan dos nuevos casos de osteomielitis primaria de esternón. Ambos referían un cuadro de fiebre, malestar general, dolor torácico y rechazo del decúbito, con eritema preesternal en uno de los casos. La velocidad de sedimentación globular y la proteína C-reactiva estaban elevadas en ambos casos. El diagnóstico se confirmó mediante estudios de imagen y en un caso se aisló Staphylococcus aureus sensible a meticilina en el hemocultivo. Ambos se recuperaron sin complicaciones con tratamiento antibiótico. Debe tenerse en cuenta la osteomielitis primaria de esternón en el diagnóstico diferencial del dolor torácico, especialmente si se acompaña de fiebre, signos inflamatorios locales, intolerancia al decúbito o elevación de reactantes de fase aguda.


Primary sternal osteomyelitis is very rare in children, with less than 100 cases published to date. Its clinical presentation is often non-specific, which results in a diagnostic delay. Here we describe 2 new cases of primary sternal osteomyelitis. Both referred fever, malaise, chest pain, and refusal to lie down, with pre-sternal erythema in one of the cases. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein values were high in both cases. The diagnosis was confirmed by imaging studies; methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in the blood culture of one of them. Both recovered without complications with antibiotic treatment. Primary sternal osteomyelitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest pain, especially if accompanied by fever, local inflammatory signs, intolerance to lying down, or increased acute phase reactants.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Child , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Osteomyelitis/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcus aureus , Chest Pain/drug therapy , Delayed Diagnosis , Fever , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
2.
In. Pradines Terra, Laura; García Parodi, Lucía; Bruno, Lorena; Filomeno Andriolo, Paola Antonella. La Unidad de Pie Diabético del Hospital Pasteur: modelo de atención y pautas de actuación: importancia del abordaje interdisciplinario. Montevideo, Cuadrado, 2023. p.251-263, ilus, tab.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1418734
3.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1420053

ABSTRACT

Tanto la osteomielitis como la osteoartritis séptica en el período neonatal son patologías infrecuentes. La afectación ósea de la columna cervical es aún más rara, siendo excepcional en neonatos. Son patologías graves, con elevada morbimortalidad, donde el diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz agresivo son de suma importancia para el pronóstico vital y funcional. Presentamos el caso de un neonato que presentó una sepsis a S. Aureus multirresistente, asociada a una osteomielitis de la primera vértebra cervical y a una osteoartritis séptica de la cadera izquierda. Fue tratado precozmente de forma quirúrgica y con antibioticoterapia, presentando una buena evolución.


Both osteomyelitis and septic osteoarthritis in the neonatal period are infrequent pathologies. Bone involvement of the cervical spine is even rarer, being exceptional in neonates. These are serious pathologies, with high morbimortality, where early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are of utmost importance for the vital and functional prognosis. We present the case of a neonate who presented with sepsis due to multidrug-resistant S. Aureus, associated with osteomyelitis of the first cervical vertebra and septic osteoarthritis of the left hip. He was treated early surgically and with antibiotic therapy, presenting a good evolution


Tanto a osteomielite como a osteoartrose séptica no período neonatal são patologias raras. O envolvimento ósseo da coluna cervical é ainda mais raro, sendo excepcional nos recém-nascidos. Estas são patologias graves, com elevada morbimortalidade, onde o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento agressivo são da maior importância para o prognóstico vital e funcional. Apresentamos o caso de um recém-nascido que apresentou sepse devido a S. Aureus multirresistente, associado a osteomielite da primeira vértebra cervical e osteoartrose séptica da anca esquerda. Foi tratado precocemente cirurgicamente e com terapia antibiótica, com uma boa evolução.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Cervical Atlas/pathology , Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis , Hip/pathology , Osteomyelitis/drug therapy , Rifampin/therapeutic use , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Vancomycin/therapeutic use , Delayed Diagnosis , Neonatal Sepsis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
4.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 39(6): 706-712, dic. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431706

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: El diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno de las infecciones osteoarticulares (IOA) pediátricas son imperativos para evitar complicaciones y secuelas, siendo relevante conocer la microbiología local. OBJETIVO: Describir las características de las IOA pediátricas tratadas en nuestro centro. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional descriptivo. Se analizaron pacientes bajo 15 años de edad tratados por IOA. entre los años 2004 y 2020. Se evaluaron características clínicas, de laboratorio, microbiología y tratamiento. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 126 pacientes (63,5% hombres), con una mediana de edad de 5,09 años (rango: 0,5-14,6 años); 61,1% artritis séptica (AS), 38,9% osteomielitis (OM). Un 92,9% presentó dolor y 68,3% fiebre. La localización más frecuente en AS fue rodilla (33,7%) y en OM tibia (30,6%) y fémur (30,6%). Se identificó agente en 77 pacientes (61,1%), siendo más frecuentes Staphylococcus aureus (n = 44), Kingella kingae (n = 13) y Streptococcuspyogenes (n = 8). Los cuatro pacientes con reacción de polimerasa en cadena (RPC) universal positiva para K. kingae no fueron detectados por otros métodos. CONCLUSIÓN: El agente más frecuente sigue siendo S. aureus, observándose un aumento en la resistencia de éste en comparación con series nacionales anteriores, y, por primera vez en nuestro medio, se comunica la detección de K. kingae, específicamente relacionada al uso de técnicas moleculares.


BACKGROUND: Timely diagnosis and treatment of pediatric osteoarticular infections (OAI) are imperative to avoid complications and sequelae, being relevant to know the local microbiology. AIM: To describe the characteristics of pediatric OAI treated in our center. METHODS: Descriptive observational study. Patients under 15 years of age treated for OAI between 2004 and 2020 were analyzed. Clinical, laboratory, microbiology and treatment characteristics were evaluated. RESULTS: 126 patients (63.5% men) were included, median age of 5.09 years (range: 0.5-14.6 years); 61.1% had septic arthritis (AS), 38.9% osteomyelitis (OM). Pain was present in 92.9% and fever in 68.3%. The most frequent location in AS was the knee (33.7%) and in OM the tibia (30.6%) and femur (30.6%). Agents were identified in 77 patients (61.1%), the most frequent being Staphylococcus aureus (n = 44), Kingella kingae (n = 13) and Streptococcus pyogenes (n = 8). The 4 patients with positive universal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for K. kingae were not detected by other methods. CONCLUSION: The most frequent agent continues to be S. aureus, with an increase in its resistance, and this is the first report of K. kingae as a cause of OAI in Chile, specifically related to the use of molecular techniques.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Osteomyelitis/microbiology , Arthritis, Infectious/diagnosis , Arthritis, Infectious/microbiology , Osteomyelitis/therapy , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Arthritis, Infectious/therapy , Drainage , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Retrospective Studies , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
6.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 38(4): 574-579, ago. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388276

ABSTRACT

Resumen La enfermedad granulomatosa crónica (EGC) es una inmunode-ficiencia primaria poco frecuente. Se caracteriza por una alteración en la función de los fagocitos, causando infecciones recurrentes bacterianas y fúngicas. Presentamos el caso clínico de un niño con una osteomielitis multifocal por Serratia marcescens , microorganismo infrecuente como causa de infecciones óseas en niños, aunque asociado a la EGC. El estudio de infecciones con presentación clínica y agentes inhabituales deben hacer sospechar una EGC. Su diagnóstico precoz en la vida, así como el tratamiento antimicrobiano oportuno y el uso posterior de una profilaxis antimicrobiana adecuada logrará evitar recurrencias infecciosas y secuelas.


Abstract Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immuno-deficiency. It is characterized by an alteration in the function of phagocytes causing recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. This is a case report of a child with multifocal osteomyelitis by Serratia marcescens, an infrequent as a cause of bone infections, although associated with CGD. The study of infections with clinical presentation and unusual agents should lead to suspicion of CGD. The diagnosis early in life, as well as timely antimicrobial treatment and the subsequent antimicrobial prophylaxis will avoid infectious recurrences and sequelae.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/complications , Osteomyelitis/drug therapy , Serratia marcescens , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
7.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 32(3): 304-310, mayo-jun. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1518481

ABSTRACT

Las infecciones osteorticulares (IOA) en el niño son una causa importante de morbilidad y secuelas. Su pesquisa oportuna y el tratamiento eficiente pueden lograr excelentes resultados. La mejoría en las condiciones de salud de la población, y el cambio de los agentes etiológicos han variado la forma de presentación y tratamiento. La existencia de gérmenes como Kingella kingae y Staphilococcus aureus multiresistente, contribuyen a la variabilidad de presentación de las infecciones osteoarticulares.El manejo de estas patologías requiere de un conocimiento del cuadro clínico, de los métodos de diagnóstico y las herramientas terapéuticas. Para obtener buenos resultados es requisito básico el enfrentamiento de estos pacientes en un equipo multidisciplinario de especialistas.En este manuscrito revisaremos los aspectos fundamentales de las infecciones osteoarticulares, según el enfoque que aplicamos en nuestros pacientes.


Osteoarticular infections are a substantial cause of morbidity and sequelae in children. Early diagnosis and efficient treatment can achieve excellent results. The improvement in the health conditions of the population and the change in the etiological agents have produced changes in their presentation and their required treatment. The existence of germs like Kingella kingae and Staphilococcus aureus multiresistant contribute to the variability of presentation of osteoarticular infections.The appropriate management of these pathologies requires knowledge of the clinical picture, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic tools. To obtain good results, it is a basic requirement that these patients be confronted by a multidisciplinary team of specialists.In this manuscript we will review the most fundamental aspects of osteoarticular infections according to the approach we apply to our patients


Subject(s)
Humans , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Osteomyelitis/therapy , Arthritis, Infectious/diagnosis , Arthritis, Infectious/therapy , Osteomyelitis/etiology , Arthritis, Infectious/etiology
8.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 39: e2019365, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1155471

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe two cases of unusual variants of sickle cell disease. Case description: We present two cases of sickle cell disease variants (haemoglobinopathies), from unrelated families, in the state of Balochistan (Pakistan). One was diagnosed with sickle cell disease in the haemoglobin electrophoresis, whereas the other was diagnosed with sickle cell SE disease. Both were diagnosed based on the presentation of osteomyelitis. Comments: Haemoglobin SD disease (Hb SD) and haemoglobin SE disease (Hb SE) are rare haemoglobinopathies in the world. The lack of available literature suggests that both are variants of sickle cell disease (SCD), with heterogeneous nature. The prevalence of sickle cell disease with compound heterozygotes was found at a variable frequency in the population of the Asian Southeast. The frequency of osteomyelitis in SCD is 12 to 18%, but its occurrence among variant haemoglobinopathies is little reported. Both reported cases presented with osteomyelitis as a characteristic of the disease presentation.


RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever dois casos de variantes raras da hemoglobinopatia falciforme. Descrição do caso: Apresentamos aqui dois casos de hemoglobinopatias variantes das células falciformes, de famílias não relacionadas, no estado do Baluchistão (Paquistão), sendo um diagnosticado como doença da hemoglobina SD na eletroforese de hemoglobina, enquanto o outro com doença da hemoglobina SE. Ambos foram diagnosticados a partir da apresentação de osteomielite. Comentários: Hemoglobina SD (Hb SD) e hemoglobina SE (Hb SE) são hemoglobinopatias raras no mundo. A escassez de literatura disponível sugere que ambas são variantes da doença falciforme (DF) com natureza heterogênea. A prevalência de hemoglobinopatia falciforme com heterozigosidade composta foi encontrada com frequência variável na população do sudeste asiático. A frequência de osteomielite na DF é de 12 a 18%, mas sua ocorrência entre as hemoglobinopatias falciformes variantes é pouco relatada. Os dois casos reportados apresentaram osteomielite como característica de apresentação da doença.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Blood Protein Electrophoresis/methods , Hemoglobinopathies/genetics , Anemia, Sickle Cell/diagnosis , Anemia, Sickle Cell/genetics , Osteomyelitis/etiology , Osteomyelitis/drug therapy , Pakistan/ethnology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Radiography/methods , Mass Screening/standards , Mass Screening/ethics , Prevalence , Administration, Oral , Treatment Outcome , Administration, Intravenous , Hemoglobinopathies/diagnosis , Hemoglobinopathies/blood , Heterozygote , Hydroxyurea/administration & dosage , Hydroxyurea/therapeutic use , Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications , Anemia, Sickle Cell/epidemiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antisickling Agents/administration & dosage , Antisickling Agents/therapeutic use
9.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 932021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1508383

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las infecciones de huesos, articulaciones y partes blandas, no solo han tenido una incidencia creciente en los últimos años en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario Paquito González Cueto de Cienfuegos, sino también una evolución más grave. Objetivo: Describir aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos de las infecciones graves de tejidos blandos, huesos y articulaciones. Métodos: Se revisó la base de datos computadorizada del Departamento de Estadística del Hospital Pediátrico Paquito González, para identificar todos los egresos de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos, con diagnóstico de celulitis o absceso de tejidos blandos, fascitis, miositis, osteomielitis, sepsis severa y shock séptico, en el periodo de enero de 2009 a diciembre de 2019. Se estudiaron las siguientes variables: localización de la infección de piel y tejidos blandos, grupo de edad, año del egreso y sitio de origen de la sepsis. Resultados: No hubo diferencias en la incidencia entre los grupos de edad. La celulitis de los miembros fue la forma clínica más frecuente. Se encontró una incidencia creciente de las infecciones de tejidos blandos. Las infecciones de huesos y articulaciones, representaron el segundo sitio de origen más frecuente de sepsis grave y el shock séptico. Conclusiones: Ha habido un aumento de las infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos que requieren ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del citado hospital en los últimos 11 años. Estas infecciones de conjunto con las infecciones de huesos y articulaciones, constituyen un problema de salud puesto que provocan sepsis grave y shock séptico con una incidencia significativa(AU)


Introduction: Infections of bones, joints and soft parts have not only had an increasing incidence in recent years at ¨Paquito González Cueto¨ University Pediatric Hospital in Cienfuegos, but also a more serious evolution. Objective: Describe clinical and epidemiological aspects of severe soft tissues, bones and joints infections. Methods: The computerized database of the Department of Statistics of ¨Paquito González¨ Pediatric Hospital was reviewed to identify all discharges from the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit with a diagnosis of cellulite or soft tissue abscess, fasciitis, myositis, osteomyelitis, severe sepsis and septic shock, in the period from January 2009 to December 2019. The following variables were studied: location of skin and soft tissue infection, age group, year of discharge, and sepsis origin location. Results: There were no differences in the incidence between age groups. Limb cellulite was the most common clinical form. An increasing incidence of soft tissue infections was found. Bone and joint infections represented the second most frequent origin location of severe sepsis and septic shock. Conclusions: There has been an increase in skin and soft tissue infections that require admission to the intensive care unit of the aforementioned hospital in the last 11 years. These infections, together with bone and joint infections, constitute a health problem since they cause severe sepsis and septic shock with a significant incidence(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Bone Diseases, Infectious/epidemiology , Soft Tissue Infections/epidemiology , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Shock, Septic/epidemiology , Skin Diseases, Infectious/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Sepsis/diagnosis , Fasciitis/diagnosis , Cellulite/diagnosis , Myositis/diagnosis
10.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 91(6): 947-952, dic. 2020. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1508052

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las infecciones osteoarticulares agudas pediátricas constituyen patologías poco frecuentes, siendo de suma importancia realizar un diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento adecuado para evitar las compli caciones agudas o a largo plazo. El absceso de Brodie (AB) es una forma de osteomielitis subaguda de baja incidencia y de difícil diagnóstico, por lo que es imprescindible la sospecha clínica. OBJETIVO: Presentar un caso de AB y describir las características etiológicas y clínicas de esta patología. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente 14 años, evaluado por dolor de muslo derecho de un mes de evolución, afebril y sin antecedente de trauma. Al examen físico no presentaba aumento de volumen, el rango de movimiento (ROM) de cadera derecha era doloroso y la sensibilidad estaba aumentada a la palpación su perficial de banda iliotibial (BIT) derecha. Estudio radiológico sin alteraciones. Por persistir síntomas se solicitó ecografía de muslo que mostró irregularidad ósea cortical. Resonancia Magnética (RM) evidenció lesión en diáfisis de fémur derecho de probable origen tumoral o infeccioso. Parámetros inflamatorios sin alteraciones. Se realizó toma de biopsia y cultivos, aislando Staphylococcus aureus multisensible. Se procedió a aseo quirúrgico y terapia antibiótica endovenosa, evolucionando favo rablemente. CONCLUSIONES: La presentación clínica y laboratorio en AB pueden ser inespecíficas. El clínico no especialista debe tener un alto índice de sospecha de esta patología como posible diagnós tico diferencial en pacientes que persisten con dolor y presentan una alteración radiológica, incluso ante la ausencia de otros síntomas y parámetros inflamatorios normales. Es importante realizar una biopsia ósea para el diagnóstico diferencial de patologías tumorales.


INTRODUCTION: Acute osteoarticular infections in children are rare pathologies, therefore early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial to avoid acute and long-term complications. Brodie's abscess (BA) is an un common type of subacute osteomyelitis, difficult to diagnose, so clinical suspicion is essential. OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of Brodie's abscess and its etiological and clinical features. CLINICAL CASE: A 14-year-old patient was seen at our clinic, who reported a one-month pain in the right thigh, with no history of fever or trauma. Physical examination revealed no volume increase, painful right hip range of motion, and increased sensitivity on superficial palpation of the right iliotibial band. X-rays where normal. Because of the pain persistence, an ultrasound was requested which showed a cortical irregularity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed and revealed a right femoral diaphysis, due to a possible bone tumor or an infectious process. Lab tests were normal. Biopsy and cultures were collected, identifying multi-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. He was managed with debridement and intravenous antibiotics, responding positively. CONCLUSIONS: The BA's clinical features and lab tests are unspecific, therefore the non-specialist physician should strongly suspect this pathology as a possible differential diagnosis in patients who persist with pain and present imaging alterations, even when there are no other symptoms or normal inflammatory parameters. A bone biopsy is essential for the differential diagnosis of tumor pathologies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis , Abscess/diagnosis , Osteomyelitis/microbiology , Osteomyelitis/therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcal Infections/therapy , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Biopsy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Combined Modality Therapy , Debridement/methods , Diagnosis, Differential , Abscess/microbiology , Abscess/therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage
11.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 37(4): 510-515, Oct.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041364

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To report a case of varicella complicated by acute osteomyelitis in order to remind of a rare and potentially serious complication of a very common pediatric disease. Case description: A previously healthy 3-month-old female infant with 10-day history of varicella was admitted to the hospital for fever, groan and prostration. The initial laboratorial evaluation was compatible with bacterial sepsis. By the third day after admission, a swelling of the seventh left rib had developed. The ultrasound and scintigraphy evaluation suggested rib osteomyelitis. Blood cultures were negative. The patient completed six weeks of antibiotics with favorable clinical, laboratorial and imaging evolution. Comments: Varicella is one of the most frequent exanthematic diseases of childhood and it is usually self-limited. The most frequent complication is bacterial infection of cutaneous lesions. Osteoarticular complications are rare, and rib osteomyelitis is described in less than 1% of cases. The main route of dissemination is hematogenic, and the most frequent etiological agent is Staphylococcus aureus. The prognosis is generally good and depends on early detection and antibiotic initiation.


RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever um caso de varicela complicada de osteomielite aguda a fim de alertar para a complicação rara e potencialmente grave de uma doença muito frequente em idade pediátrica. Descrição do caso: Lactente de três meses, previamente saudável, internada por um quadro de febre, prostração e gemido, num contexto de varicela com cerca de dez dias de evolução, com avaliação inicial compatível com sepse de etiologia bacteriana. No terceiro dia de internação, observou-se uma tumefação na sétima costela esquerda. A avaliação ecográfica e cintilográfica mostraram alterações sugestivas de osteomielite de arco costal. As hemoculturas foram negativas. Recebeu antibioticoterapia por seis semanas e evoluiu favoravelmente do ponto de vista clínico, laboratorial e ecográfico. Comentários: A varicela é uma das doenças exantemáticas mais frequentes da infância, sendo habitualmente autolimitada. A complicação mais frequente é a infecção bacteriana secundária das lesões cutâneas, sendo raras as complicações osteoarticulares. O arcabouço costal é uma localização excepcional de osteomielite, descrita em menos de 1% dos casos. A principal via de disseminação é a hematogênica, e o agente mais frequente, o Staphylococcus aureus. O prognóstico é geralmente bom, quando a antibioticoterapia se institui precocemente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Osteomyelitis/virology , Chickenpox/complications , Ribs
12.
Med. infant ; 26(3): 272-275, sept. 2019. Tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1026763

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En pacientes pediátricos quemados la osteomielitis fúngica es una complicación infrecuente que conduce a una significativa morbilidad. La información en la literatura está limitada a unos escasos reportes de casos. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y de evolución de niños quemados con osteomielitis fúngica. Métodos: Se llevo a cabo un estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de pacientes mayores de 1 mes y menores de 18 años quemados con osteomielitis fúngica internados en el hospital Juan P. Garrahan, un hospital terciario en Buenos Aires, Argentina. Resultados: entre enero del 2007 y enero del 2017, de 600 niños quemados, 9 pacientes presentaron diagnóstico confirmado de osteomielitis fúngica. La mediana de edad fue de 42.5 meses (RIC, 27-118 meses) y la mediana de superficie quemada fue de 33.5% (RIC, 18.5-58%). La osteomielitis fue diagnosticada con una mediana de 30 días luego de la quemadura. Las localizaciones más frecuentes de osteomielitis fueron los miembros superiores y a nivel de calota. Los microorganismos aislados a partir del cultivo de hueso fueron: Fusarium spp. en tres pacientes, Mucor spp. en un paciente; Trichosporon asahii en un paciente; Cándida albicans en dos pacientes y Candida parapsilosis en dos pacientes. En dos casos la infección fúngica fue asociada con aislamientos bacteriano concomitante. Todos los pacientes presentaron hallazgos histopatológicos compatibles con osteomielitis. La mediana de tiempo de tratamiento fue de 44.5 días (RIC, 34.5- 65.5 días). Seis pacientes (67%) presentaron secuela motora. Conclusión: La osteomielitis fúngica fue infrecuente Candida spp. y Fusarium spp. fueron los hongos más comúnmente identificados. La secuela funcional fue frecuente (AU)


Introduction: In pediatric burn patients fungal osteomyelitis is a rare complication that leads to significant morbidity. Data in the literature are limited to sporadic case reports. Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological features and outcome in burned children with fungal osteomyelitis. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in burn patients older than 1 month and younger than 18 years admitted to Hospital Juan P. Garrahan, a tertiary hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Results: Between January 2007 and January 2017, of 600 burned children, nine had a confirmed diagnosis of fungal osteomyelitis. Median age was 42.5 months (IQR, 27-118 months) and median burn surface was 33.5% (IQR, 18.5-58%). Osteomyelitis was diagnosed at a median of 30 days after the burn. The most common location of osteomyelitis were the upper limbs and skull. The microorganisms isolated form bone cultures were Fusarium spp. in three patients, Mucor spp. in one patient; Trichosporon asahii in one patient; Candida albicans in two patients; and Candida parapsilosis in two patients. In two cases the funal infection was associated with concomitant bacterial isolation. In all patients, the histopathological findings were compatible with osteomyelitis. Median duration of treatment was 44.5 days (IQR, 34.5-65.5 days). Six patients (67%) had motor sequelae. Conclusion: Fungal osteomyelitis is a rare disease. Candida spp. and Fusarium spp. were most frequently identified fungi. Functional sequelae were common (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Osteomyelitis/etiology , Osteomyelitis/epidemiology , Burns/complications , Mycoses/microbiology , Candida/isolation & purification , Miosis/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Fusarium/isolation & purification , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
13.
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1258371

ABSTRACT

L'ostéomyélite est une affection inflammatoire du tissu osseux. Cette pathologie chez l'enfant en denture temporaire ou mixte est difficile à traiter par le fait de l'existence d'un système immunitaire précaire couplé de consultations tardives. Cette étude avait donc pour objectif de contribuer à l'amélioration de la prise en charge d'ostéomyélite mandibulaire d'origine infectieuse chez l'enfant. Cependant les ostéomyélites d'origine dentaire chez l'enfant sont des pathologies peu fréquentes dans nos consultations quotidiennes. Mais au cours de cette étude nous avons enregistré 25 cas sur 224 soit une fréquence de 11,16% de patients atteints d'ostéomyélite mandibulaire d'origine infectieuse à l'Hôpital National Ignace Deen. Le sexe masculin a été le plus représenté avec une fréquence de 60% contre 40% de sexe féminin soit un sexe ratio H/F de 1,5. La tranche d'âge de 13 à 17 ans a été la plus représentée soit 52%. La tuméfaction a été le motif principal de consultation. Le traitement a été essentiellement médical et chirurgical


Subject(s)
Academic Medical Centers , Child , Guinea , Mandible , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Osteomyelitis/therapy
14.
Med. leg. Costa Rica ; 35(2): 54-61, sep.-dic. 2018. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-954931

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se efectuó una revisión de la literatura sobre ésta patología incapacitante y frustrante, tanto para el paciente como el médico tratante, ya que sus manifestaciones clínicas son similares a otros cuadros infecciosos. Además, se exponen conceptos acerca de su definición, clasificación y etiología, para actualizar de manera breve el proceso infeccioso. Los estudios por imágenes proveen información adicional ante la sospecha clínica; pero ninguna técnica puede confirmar o excluir en forma absoluta la presencia de osteomielitis, especialmente cuando existen implantes u osteopatía. Se debe evaluar minuciosamente la elección de cada uno de estos métodos, teniendo en cuenta su disponibilidad y qué se pretende hacer con ellos. Nunca debe postergarse la realización de procedimientos invasivos, que en general son necesarios para arribar al diagnóstico. El principal objetivo es indagar dentro de los distintas prácticas diagnósticas, para que de ésta manera el equipo médico utilice herramientas adecuadas para determinar si se trata de ésta afección en los distintos centros de trabajo y así utilizar de manera eficaz los recurso disponibles en cada nivel de atención; brindando así un tratamiento precoz y evitar las complicaciones pertinentes a corto y a largo plazo.


Abstract Osteomylitis is a painful and incapacitating disease which is frustrating for the patient and for the doctor treating it. Its symptoms are very similar to other types of infections. The definition, classification and etiology will be briefly explained in order to provide a better understanding about this infectious disease. Medical Imaging Procedures provide aditional information when the presence of the disease is suspected. There is not a certain technique that can confirm or exclude its existence, especially when implants or osteopathy have taken place. Any choice of method must be minutely assessed, keeping in mind its availability and what you expect from it. The invasive procedures should never be postponed, due to the importance they have when getting a diagnosis. The main objective is to look into different diagnoses, so the medical team can have the appropriate tools to determine the presence of the illness in a working area. Using the tools in an efficient way and taking advantage of the resources available, can provide preventive and early treatment in order to avoid short and long term complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Osteomyelitis/diagnostic imaging , Staphylococcus aureus , Bone Diseases, Infectious , Costa Rica
15.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 116(6): 744-748, dic. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-973689

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad granulomatosa crónica es una inmunodeficiencia primaria infrecuente, debida a un defecto en la actividad microbicida de los fagocitos, originada por mutaciones en los genes que codifican alguna de las subunidades del complejo enzimático nicotinamida adenina dinucleótido fosfato oxidasa. La incidencia estimada es 1 en 250 000 recién nacidos vivos. Puede presentarse desde la infancia hasta la adultez, por lo general, en menores de 2 años. Las infecciones bacterianas y fúngicas, en conjunto con las lesiones granulomatosas, son las manifestaciones más habituales de la enfermedad. Los microorganismos aislados más frecuentemente son Aspergillus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, Nocardia spp. Se reporta el caso clínico de un varón de 1 año de vida en el que se diagnosticó enfermedad granulomatosa crónica a partir de infecciones múltiples que ocurrieron simultáneamente: aspergilosis pulmonar invasiva, osteomielitis por Serratia marcescens y granuloma cervical por Enterobacter cloacae.


Chronic granulomatous disease is an uncommon primary immunodeficiency due to a defect of the killing activity of phagocytes, caused by mutations in any of the genes encoding subunits of the superoxide-generating phagocyte NADPH oxidase system. The incidence is 1 in 250 000 live births. It can occur from infancy to adulthood, usually in children under 2 years. Bacterial and fungal infections in association with granuloma lesions are the most common manifestations of the disease. Aspergillus species, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, Nocardia species are the most common microorganisms isolated. We describe here a case of a 1-year-old boy with chronic granulomatous disease and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, Serratia marcescens osteomyelitis and Enterobacter cloacae cervical granuloma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Serratia Infections/diagnosis , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/diagnosis , Pulmonary Aspergillosis/diagnosis , Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/diagnosis , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Osteomyelitis/metabolism , Serratia marcescens/isolation & purification , Serratia Infections/microbiology , Enterobacter cloacae/isolation & purification , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/microbiology , Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/microbiology
16.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 116(5): 679-683, oct. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-973673

ABSTRACT

La osteomielitis crónica multifocal recurrente fue recientemente clasificada dentro de las enfermedades autoinflamatorias, caracterizadas por episodios de inflamación sistèmica, que incluyen indicadores serológicos de inflamación, en ausencia de autoanticuerpos o agentes patógenos. La característica clínica es la aparición insidiosa de dolor, tumefacción y sensibilidad localizada sobre el hueso afectado, principalmente, en la metáfisis y epífisis de los huesos largos, clavícula y también vértebras. Son episodios autolimitados y recurrentes. Se presenta a un paciente de 2 años y 2 meses con afectación ósea tipo osteolítica en dos focos aislados con un año de diferencia entre ambos episodios. La biopsia ósea fue compatible con osteomielitis crónica y se descartó patología de origen infeccioso, neoplásico y enfermedad proliferativa. Presentó buena respuesta al tratamiento con antiinflamatorios. El conocimiento de esta entidad como diagnóstico diferencial evita el tratamiento antibiótico prolongado, estudios complementarios y biopsias óseas, considerando los criterios diagnósticos y recurrencia de los episodios.


Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis has recently been classified as an autoinflammatory disorder characterized by episodes of systemic inflammation including serological signs of inflammation occurring in the absence of autoantibodies or pathogen agents. The insidious onset of pain with swelling and tenderness localized over the affected bones are the main manifestations. The metaphysis and epiphyses of the long bones, clavicle and vertebrae are affected. We report a male patient aged 2 years and 2 months with osteomyelitis with lytic destruction in two different single sites with a year difference between the episodes. Histological examination of the bone showed inflammation and chronic osteomyelitis, excluding the existence of infectious osteomyelitis, neoplasm and myeloproliferative disease. Clinical symptoms improved under treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Considering chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis may shorten time to diagnosis in order to avoid potentially unnecessary prolonged courses of intravenous antibiotics, complementary studies and multiple biopsies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Inflammation/diagnosis , Osteomyelitis/pathology , Osteomyelitis/drug therapy , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Diagnosis, Differential , Inflammation/pathology , Inflammation/drug therapy
17.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 116(2): 204-209, abr. 2018. tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-887461

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Las infecciones osteoarticulares son una importante causa de morbilidad y pueden presentar bacteriemia. La epidemiología de estas infecciones se ha modificado en los últimos años. Objetivos. Describir las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y evolutivas de los niños con infecciones osteoarticulares y comparar los pacientes con bacteriemia con los que no la presentaron. Población y métodos. Cohorte retrospectiva. Se incluyeron pacientes menores de 18 años, admitidos en el Hospital Juan P. Garrahan entre el 1/1/2016 y el 31/12/2016 con sospecha de infecciones osteoarticulares en quienes se hubiese realizado artrocentesis y/o biopsia articular. Se excluyeron niños con patología previa. Se compararon las características clínicas y de laboratorio según tuvieran bacteriemia o no. Se utilizó Stata 10. Resultados. N: 62. La mediana de edad fue 59.5 meses (rango intercuartilo -RIC- 24-84). Presentaron fiebre 44 pacientes (70%). Predominaron las artritis (54 pacientes, 87%). Se identificó un agente etiológico en 29 pacientes (47%). Predominó Staphylococcus aureus (n: 20, 32%). Tuvieron bacteriemia 15 de ellos (24%). Recibieron clindamicina como tratamiento empírico 56 pacientes (90%). La mediana de tratamiento endovenoso fue 7 días (RIC 5-11) y de internación, 7 días (RIC 4-12). Los pacientes con bacteriemia tuvieron menor edad (26 meses vs. 60, p < 0,05), mayor valor de proteína C reactiva inicial (101 vs. 33 U/L, p < 0,05), menor valor de hemoglobina al ingresar (10,8 g/dl vs. 12.5 g/dl, p 0,04) y mayor frecuencia de fiebre (100% vs. 57%, p < 0,05). Conclusiones. Predominó Staphylococcus aureus. Los niños con bacteriemia tuvieron menor edad, mayor valor de proteína C reactiva, menos hemoglobina al ingresar y, más frecuentemente, fiebre.


Introduction. Osteoarticular infections are an important cause of morbidity and may present with bacteremia. The epidemiology has changed in recent years. Objectives. To describe the epidemiological, clinical, and evolutionary characteristics of children with osteoarticular infections and compare patients with and without bacteremia. Population and methods. Retrospective cohort. Patients younger than 18 years admitted between January 1st, 2016 and December 31st, 2016 suspected of osteoarticular infections who had undergone an arthrocentesis and/or joint biopsy were included. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were compared between patients with and without bacteremia. The Stata 10 software was used.Results. N: 62. Patients' median age was 59.5 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 24-84). Fever developed in 44 patients (70%). Arthritis predominated (54 patients, 87%). An etiologic agent was identified in 29 patients (47%). Staphylococcus aureus was prevalent (n: 20, 32%). Among these, 15 developed bacteremia (24%). Clindamycin was administered to 56 patients (90%) as empirical therapy. The median intravenous treatment duration was 7 days (IQR: 5-11) and the median length of stay, 7 days (IQR: 4-12). Patients with bacteremia were younger (26 months versus 60 months, p < 0.05), had a higher baseline C-reactive protein level (101 U/L versus 33 U/L, p < 0.05), a lower hemoglobin level at the time of admission (10.8 g/dL versus 12.5 g/dL, p = 0.04), and a higher frequency of fever (100% versus 57%, p < 0.05).Conclusions. Staphylococcus aureus was prevalent. Children with bacteremia were younger, had a higher C-reactive protein level, a lower hemoglobin level at the time of admission, and 100% presented fever


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Osteoarthritis/diagnosis , Osteoarthritis/epidemiology , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Osteomyelitis/epidemiology , Arthritis/diagnosis , Arthritis/epidemiology , Bone Diseases, Infectious/diagnosis , Bone Diseases, Infectious/epidemiology , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Osteoarthritis/microbiology , Osteomyelitis/microbiology , Arthritis/microbiology , Bone Diseases, Infectious/complications , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Bacteremia/complications , Bacteremia/epidemiology , Tertiary Care Centers , Hospitals, Pediatric
18.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 12(1): 15-20, Mar. 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893298

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Actinomycosis is a bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces species, which usually affect the soft tissues of the cervicofacial region of adult males. Clinically, it's characterized by a slow-growing indurated mass, especially in the submandibular area. However, in a few cases, the jaws bones can be affected developing osteomyelitis characteristics. The aim of this paper is to report a rare clinical case of Actinomycotic Osteomyelitis affecting the maxilla of a child, involving the maxillary sinus, orbital and zygomatic areas that was treated by the association of antibiotic therapy and surgical debridement. The patient's 2 years follow-up was uneventful and no signs of the lesion recurrence.


RESUMEN: La actinomicosis es una infección bacteriana causada por la especie Actinomyces, que generalmente afecta los tejidos blandos de la región cervicofacial de los hombres adultos. Clínicamente, se caracteriza por una masa endurecida de crecimiento lento, especialmente en la zona submandibular. Sin embargo, en algunos casos, los huesos de las mandíbulas pueden ser afectados desarrollando características de osteomielitis. El objetivo de este trabajo es reportar un caso clínico poco frecuente de osteomielitis actinomicótica que afecta el maxilar de un niño, envolviendo el área del seno maxilar, y zonas orbitales y cigomáticas que fueron tratadas con la asociación de terapia con antibióticos y desbridamiento quirúrgico. El seguimiento del paciente por 2 años ocurrió sin incidentes y sin signos de recidiva de las lesiones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Palate/microbiology , Palate/pathology , Periapical Diseases/diagnosis , Actinomycosis/diagnosis , Mouth Diseases/diagnosis , Osteomyelitis/pathology , Actinomycosis/pathology , Radiography, Panoramic , Diagnosis, Differential , Hematoxylin , Maxilla , Mouth Diseases/microbiology , Mouth Diseases/pathology
19.
JCPSP-Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. 2018; 28 (3): 254-254
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-170963
20.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 32: e23, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-889482

ABSTRACT

Abstract It is largely known that some oral diseases can be diagnosed based upon their clinical manifestation combined with the patient's medical history and generally not depending on examination. This is the case of some bone diseases such as osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ), osteomyelitis of the jaw (OMJ), and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). The present study aimed to analyze the histopathological features of these specific bone diseases in order to evaluate similarities and differences. Forty-four bone specimens resected from each bone disease (22 cases of ORNJ, 6 cases of OMJ, and 16 cases of MRONJ) were analyzed by two experienced oral pathologists without prior knowledge of the diagnosis, considering bone tissue condition, inflammation, vascularization, and the presence of microorganisms. In addition, the examiners formulated a diagnostic hypothesis for each specimen. Many histopathological similarities were found among the diseases, especially considering the presence of necrotic bone, inflammation, and microorganisms. Statistically significant differences were detected in empty bone lacunae, which was decreased in ORN (p = 0.042), and considering neutrophil count, which was low in the MRONJ group (p ≤ 0.001). The Kappa coefficient was calculated and agreement was detected based on the histopathological parameters, but not for diagnostic suggestion (p=0.23). In conclusion, histopathological aspects of ORNJ, OMJ, and MRONJ do not permit a conclusive diagnosis, emphasizing the necessity of a detailed clinical report.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw/pathology , Osteomyelitis/pathology , Osteoradionecrosis/pathology , Age Factors , Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Observer Variation , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Osteoradionecrosis/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric
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