Marcadores de remodelamiento óseo en pacientes con enfermedad periodontal / Bone remodeling biomarkers in patients with periodontal disease

La Fosfatasa Alcalina Ósea (FAO) es una isoforma de la Fosfatasa Alcalina (FAL). La medición de su actividad en saliva es una medida indirecta del proceso de formación ósea, más sensible y específica que la FAL. La catepsina K es la principal colagenasa del proceso de resorción ósea, es capaz de degradar al colágeno tipo I en varios sitios dando lugar a pequeños péptidos N- y C- terminales. El telopéptido C-terminal (CTx) es el marcador más sensible y específico en el aumento de la resorción ósea, ya que el colágeno tipo I constituye más del 90 por ciento de la matriz orgánica del hueso...

Alkaline phosphatase as a periodontal disease marker.

Background: The potential of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as an important diagnostic marker of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) has been the subject to investigation since 1970. ALP is stored in specific granules and secretory vesicles of the neutrophils and is mainly released during their migration to the site of infection. It is also present in bacteria within dental plaque, osteoblasts and fibroblasts. It has, thus, become important to elucidate whether GCF levels of ALP are potential measures of the inflammatory activity occurring in the adjacent periodontal tissues. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the total activity of ALP in the GCF collected from healthy sites, sites with gingivitis and with chronic adult periodontitis. An attempt was also made to establish the correlation of ALP activity with plaque index, gingival index, bleeding index and probing depth. Materials and Methods: A total of 18 patients were divided into three groups: viz., healthy sites, Group I; gingivitis, Group II; chronic periodontitis, Group III. Clinical parameters like plaque index, bleeding index, gingival index and probing depth were recorded. The ALP level in GCF of all three groups was determined by spectrophotometric analysis. Results: Total enzyme activity of ALP was significantly higher in periodontitis as compared with that in healthy and gingivitis sites, and was significantly and positively correlated with probing depth. Conclusion: ALP can be considered as a periodontal disease marker as it can distinguish between healthy and inflamed sites. However, to better define its capacity for periodontal diagnosis, additional longitudinal studies are required.

PCR detection of four periodontopathogens from subgingival clinical samples

In this study, A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. forsythus, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum were identified from subgingival plaque from 50 periodontal patients and 50 healthy subjects. Subgingival clinical samples were collected with sterilized paper points and transported in VMGA III. From all the diluted clinical samples (1:10), DNA was obtained by boiling, and after centrifugation the supernatant was used as template. Specific primers for each bacterial species were used in PCR. PCR amplification was sensitive to identify these organisms. PCR products from each species showed a single band and can be used to identify periodontal organisms from clinical specimens. PCR detection odds ratio values for A. actinomycetemcomitans and B. forsythus were significantly associated with disease showing a higher OR values for B. forsythus (2.97, 95 percent CI 1.88 - 4.70). These results suggest a strong association among the studied species and the periodontal lesion.

Periodontopatias: aspectos bioquímicos da doença periodontal inflamatória / Periodontal diseases: biochemical aspects of inflammatory periodontal disease

Neste trabalho, estudamos a concentraçäo das enzimas: protease, desidrogenase lática, fosfatase alcalina, transaminase glutâmico-oxaloacético (GOT), transaminase glutâmico-pirúvico (GPT) e creatina fosfotransferase (CPK) em extratos teciduais de gengivas obtidas de pacientes com diferentes graus de doença periodontal inflamatória. Também realizamos o estudo do perfil proteico dos extratos teciduais através de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida em pH 8,6, pH 4,0 e contendo SDS. Para este propósito, selecionamos 81 pacientes de sexo masculino, com idade variando entre 14 e 51 anos, previamente classificados de acordo com os índices: gengival de Loe e Silness e de Ramfjord, além do exame radiográfico da área em estudo. Os pacientes foram divididos em sete grupos, distribuídos da seguinte maneira: Normal 10, Gengivite I 12, Gengivite II 12, Gengivite III 11, Periodontite I 10, Periodontite II 15 e Periodontite III 11. A análise dos nossos estudos mostraram os seguintes resultados: - A concentraçäo da protease é maior no grupo da periodontite grau I. A média da concentraçäo da enzima no grupo da gengivite é menor que no grupo normal. A média da concentraçäo da enzima no grupo da periodontite é ligeiramente superior à média no grupo normal. - A concentraçäo da desidrogenase lática é maior no grupo da gengivite grau II. A concentraçäo da enzima em UE/g de tecido é maior que o grupo normal na gengivite II e III. A média da concentraçäo da enzima no grupo da gengivite é maior do que o valor do grupo normal. A média no grupo da periodontite é inferior à média no grupo normal. - A concentraçäo da fosfatase alcalina em UE/mg de proteína apresentou valores maiores que o grupo normal nos grupos da gengivite II e III e periodontite I, II e III. A concentraçäo da fosfatase alcalina em UE/g de tecido apresentou valores maiores que o grupo normal, nos grupos da gengivite III e periodontite II e III. A média da concentraçäo da fosfatase alcalina foi crescente na seguinte ordem: normal, gengivite e periodontite...