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1.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 16(4): 819-825, oct.-dic. 2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-729889

ABSTRACT

Electrocardiographic effects produced by Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) and by ginkgolides A (GA) and B (GB), and bilobalide (BB) were investigated in guinea pig heart mounted in Langendorff apparatus (Tyrode, 34 ± 0.1 ºC, 95% O2, 5% CO2). Electrocardiographic parameters were evaluated in the conditions: 1) control with Tyrode and DMSO, 2) EGb (n=4), GA (n=5), GB (n=5) or BB (n=6), and 3) washout. The results showed that 0.1 and 1.0 mg/ml of EGb do not change the electrocardiographic parameters. However, 10 mg/ml of EGb increased the PR interval (PRi) at 21% (p<0.001). This increase was also observed for 50 mM GA (20%, p<0.001) and 70 mM BB (13%, p<0.001), which indicates Ca2+ channel block. However, the 50 mM GB reduced the PRi at 11 % (p<0.001). The GA (23%, p<0.001), GB (16%, p<0.001), and BB (40%, p<0.001) reduced the QT interval (QTi), which suggests the activation of the potassium channel. However, EGb increased QTi (6%, p<0.001). The EGb (28%, p<0.05) and GB (13%, p<0.05) reduced the heart rate. Atrioventricular (AV) block was observed with EGb, GA, and BB. We can conclude that EGb and its terpenoids alter the ECG parameters inducing AV block, which indicates possible arrhythmogenic potential.


Os efeitos eletrocardiográficos produzidos pelo extrato de Ginkgo biloba (EGb) e gingkolídeos A (GA) e B (GB), e bilobalide (BB) foram investigados em coração de cobaia montado sistema de Langendorff (Tyrode, 34 ± 0.1 ºC, 95% O2, 5% CO2). Os parâmetros do ECG foram avaliados nas condições: 1) Tyrode e DMSO, 2) EGb (n=4), GA (n=5), GB (n=5) ou BB (n=6) diluídos em DMSO e 3) washout. Os resultados demonstram que 0,1 e 1,0 mg/mL de EGb não alteraram os parâmetros eletrocardiográficos. Entretanto, 10 mg/ml de EGb aumentaram o intervalo PR (PRi) em 21% (p<0.001). Esse aumento também foi observado com GA a 50µM (20%, p<0,001) e BB a 70 mM (13%, p<0,001) indicando bloqueio de canais de cálcio. Por outro lado, GB reduziu o PRi (11%, p<0,001). O intervalo QT (QTi) foi reduzido por GA (23%, p<0,001), GB (16%, p<0,001) e BB (40%, p < 0.001) sugerindo uma ativação de canais de potássio. Entretanto, EGb aumentou o QTi (6%, p<0.001). A frequência cardíaca foi reduzida por EGb (28%, p<0.05) e GB (13%, p<0.05). Bloqueios átrio-ventriculares (BAV) foram observados com EGb, GA e BB. Podemos concluir que EGb e os terpenos alteram parâmetros eletrocardiográficos induzindo BAV e demonstrando possível potencial arritmogênico.


Subject(s)
Guinea Pigs , Terpenes/analysis , Plant Extracts/antagonists & inhibitors , Ginkgo biloba/adverse effects , Electrocardiography , Ginkgolides/analysis , Bilobalides/pharmacology , Heart/drug effects
2.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 48(3): 577-581, July-Sept. 2012. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-653472

ABSTRACT

The aqueous leaves extract of Prosopis cineraria (AEPC) is used traditionally for the treatment of various CNS disorder. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extract for antidepressant and skeletal muscle relaxant activity. The antidepressant effect of the extract was evaluated using Forced swim test (FST). The immobility periods of control and treated mice were recorded. The antidepressant-like effect of tested compound was compared to that of imipramine (15 mg/kg. p.o). Muscle relaxant property was studied using rotarod apparatus and total fall off time for standard and control group was recorded. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins and phenolic compounds. The leaf extract at doses of 200 mg/kg significantly decreased the duration of immobility time in FST. The efficacy of tested extract was found to be comparable to that of imipramine. Our results suggested that the aqueous extract of Prosopis cineraria leaves exerts antidepressant-like effect.


O extrato aquoso de folhas de Prosopis cineraria (AEPC) é utilizado, tradicionalmente, para o tratamento de várias disfunções do SNC. O propósito desse estudo foi avaliar o extrato quanto às atividades antidepressiva e relaxante muscular esquelética. O efeito antidepressivo do extrato foi avaliado usando o teste do nado forçado (FST). Registraram-se os períodos de imobilidade dos camundongos controle e dos tratados. O efeito antidepressivo do composto testado foi comparado com a imipramina ((15 mg/kg. p.o). A propriedade relaxante muscular foi estudada usando o cilindro giratório e o tempo total de queda para os grupos padrão e controle foram registrados. A triagem fitoquímica revelou a presença de saponinas, flavonoides, alcaloides, glicosídeos, taninos e compostos fenólicos. O extrato da folha em doses de 200 mg/kg diminui significativamente a duração do tempo de imobilidade no FST. A eficácia do extrato testado foi comparável àquela da imipramina. Nossos resultados sugeriram que o extrato aquoso das folhas da Prosopis cineraria exerce efeito semelhante ao antidepressivo.


Subject(s)
Rats , Plant Extracts/antagonists & inhibitors , Prosopis/classification , Antidepressive Agents/pharmacokinetics , Neuromuscular Agents/pharmacokinetics , Diazepam/analysis , Neuromuscular Agents/analysis
3.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 17(1): 85-93, 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-576886

ABSTRACT

Most of the snakebites recorded in Brazil are caused by the Bothrops genus. Given that the local tissue damage caused by this genus cannot be treated by antivenom therapy, numerous studies are focusing on supplementary alternatives, such as the use of medicinal plants. Serjania erecta has already demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and healing properties. In the current study, the aerial parts of S. erecta were extracted with methanol, then submitted to chromatographic fractionation on a Sephadex LH20 column and eluted with methanol, which resulted in four main fractions. The crude extract and fractions neutralized the toxic activities of Bothrops jararacussu snake venom and isolated myotoxins (BthTX-I and II). Results showed that phospholipase A2, fibrinogenolytic, myotoxic and hemorrhagic activities were inhibited by the extract. Moreover, the myotoxic and edematous activities induced by BthTX-I, and phospholipase A2 activity induced by BthTX-II, were inhibited by the extract of S. erecta and its fraction. The clotting time on bovine plasma was significantly prolonged by the inhibitory action of fractions SF3 and SF4. This extract is a promising source of natural inhibitors, such as flavonoids and tannins, which act by forming complexes with metal ions and proteins, inhibiting the action of serineproteases, metalloproteases and phospholipases A2.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Bothrops , Plant Extracts/antagonists & inhibitors , Plants, Medicinal , Crotalid Venoms/toxicity , Antivenins
4.
Braz. oral res ; 21(1): 46-50, Jan.-Mar. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-444561

ABSTRACT

Uncaria tomentosa is considered a medicinal plant used over centuries by the peruvian population as an alternative treatment for several diseases. Many microorganisms usually inhabit the human oral cavity and under certain conditions can become etiologic agents of diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of different concentrations of Uncaria tomentosa on different strains of microorganisms isolated from the human oral cavity. Micropulverized Uncaria tomentosa was tested in vitro to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on selected microbial strains. The tested strains were oral clinical isolates of Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus spp., Candida albicans, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The tested concentrations of Uncaria tomentosa ranged from 0.25-5 percent in Müeller-Hinton agar. Three percent Uncaria tomentosa inhibited 8 percent of Enterobacteriaceae isolates, 52 percent of S. mutans and 96 percent of Staphylococcus spp. The tested concentrations did not present inhibitory effect on P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. It could be concluded that micropulverized Uncaria tomentosa presented antimicrobial activity on Enterobacteriaceae, S. mutans and Staphylococcus spp. isolates.


Uncaria tomentosa é uma planta medicinal usada por vários séculos pela população peruana como alternativa de tratamento para diversas doenças. Muitos microrganismos que usualmente não habitam a cavidade bucal humana podem se tornar agentes etiológicos de doenças sob certas condições. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de diferentes concentrações de Uncaria tomentosa sobre diferentes cepas de microrganismos isolados de cavidades bucais humanas. Uncaria tomentosa micropulverizada foi testada in vitro para determinar a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) em isolados microbianos selecionados. Cepas de Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus spp., Candida albicans, Enterobacteriaceae e Pseudomonas aeruginosa avaliadas foram isoladas de cavidades bucais humanas. Foram preparadas as concentrações de Uncaria tomentosa entre 0.25 e 5 por cento em ágar Müeller-Hinton. Uncaria tomentosa a 3 por cento inibiu 8 por cento de Enterobacteriaceae, 52 por cento de S. mutans e 96 por cento de Staphylococcus spp. As concentrações testadas não apresentaram efeito inibitório sobre P. aeruginosa e C. albicans. Concluiu-se que Uncaria tomentosa micropulverizada apresenta atividade antimicrobiana sobre cepas de Enterobacteriaceae, S. mutans e Staphylococcus spp.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Candida albicans/drug effects , Cat's Claw/chemistry , Mouth/microbiology , Phytotherapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Candida albicans/isolation & purification , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Dental Caries/drug therapy , Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Extracts/antagonists & inhibitors , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Staphylococcus/drug effects , Streptococcus mutans/drug effects
5.
Arq. méd. ABC ; 15(2): 17-21, 1992. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-142454

ABSTRACT

Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb. (Crassulaceae) é uma planta largamente utilizada em regiöes tropicais e subtropicais. Seu principal uso consiste como uma medicaçäo tópica em afecçöes cutâneas de natureza alérgica. (NASSIS, 1991) (16) demonstrou ser o suco extraido desta planta um potente antagonista dos receptores H-1 a nível periférico em ratos. Um trabalho subsequente (NASSIS et al, 1991) (17) mostrou que o suco extraído da Crassulaceae tem uma depressora no SNC. O presente estudo teve por objetivo a investigaçäo de uma eventual açäo GABAérgica do suco. A partir dos resultados obtidos pudemos concluir que o suco näo apresenta atividade sobre o sistema GABAérgico


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Pentylenetetrazole/pharmacology , Sleep/drug effects , Plant Extracts/antagonists & inhibitors , Central Nervous System/drug effects , Receptors, GABA/drug effects , Diazepam/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , Brazil , Rats, Wistar , Reaction Time
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