Association of obesity with chronic disease and musculoskeletal factors / Associação da obesidade com fatores de risco para doenças crônicas e musculoesqueléticas

SummaryIntroduction:overweight and obesity in adolescents are major public health problems with particular interest, because of their potential association with risk factors for development of diseases. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents in southern Portugal and investigate the association with risk factors for development of cardiovascular, respiratory and musculoskeletal diseases.Methods:the sample consisted of 966 adolescents aged 10 to 16 years. The calculation of body mass index (BMI), evaluation of blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides, blood pressure, spirometry and application of low back pain (LBP) questionnaire were performed.Results:178 (18.4%) adolescents were overweight and 52 (5.4%) obese. None of the variables revealed a statistically significant association with overweight and obesity. The presence of high blood pressure was observed in 200 (20.7%) individuals and hypertension in 158 (16.4%) adolescents. Overweight and obese adolescents are 2.3 times more likely to develop signs of pre-hypertension and hypertension. 559 (57.9%) students had restrictive respiratory disorders and 23 (2.4%) had obstructive disorders. Those who were overweight and obese had 0.64 probability of having restrictive respiratory disorders.Conclusion:there was a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Portuguese adolescents and these showed a statistically significant relationship with the development of pre-hypertension and hypertension, and restrictive respiratory disorders.

ResumoIntrodução:o sobrepeso e a obesidade em adolescentes são atualmente considerados problemas de saúde pública, com interesse decorrente de sua associação a fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças.Objetivo:determinar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em adolescentes do sul de Portugal e investigar os fatores associados ao desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares, respiratórias e musculoesqueléticas.Métodos:a amostra foi constituída por 966 adolescentes com idade entre 10 e 16 anos. Foi calculado o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e foram realizadas avaliações de glicemia, colesterol total, triglicerídeos, pressão arterial, espirometria, além da aplicação de um questionário para avaliar a presença de lombalgia.Resultados:cento e setenta e oito (18,4%) adolescentes apresentaram sobrepeso e 52 (5,4%) eram obesos. Nenhuma das variáveis analisadas revelou associação estatisticamente significativa com sobrepeso e obesidade. Duzentos (20,7%) adolescentes apresentaram pressão arterial elevada e 158 (16,4%), hipertensão. Os adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade revelaram 2,3 vezes mais chances de desenvolver pré-hipertensão e hipertensão. Quinhentos e cinquenta e nove (57,9%) alunos apresentaram doenças respiratórias restritivas e 23 (2,4%), distúrbios obstrutivos, sendo que os indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesidade apresentaram 0,64 de probabilidade de desenvolver doenças respiratórias restritivas.Conclusão:observou-se uma elevada prevalência de adolescentes portugueses com sobrepeso e obesidade. Essas variáveis demonstraram uma relação estatisticamente significativa com o desenvolvimento de pré-hipertensão e hipertensão arterial e com doenças respiratórias restritivas.

Association of Serum gamma-Glutamyltransferase Level and Incident Prehypertension in Korean Men

Several lines of evidence indicate that prehypertension is more atherogenic than normal blood pressure. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is known to be positively associated with prehypertensive status and the progression of hypertension. However, there have been no prospective studies of serum GGT level as a predictor of prehypertension. Apparently 13,435 healthy men (mean age 42.0 +/- 6.6 yr) with normal blood pressure were included in a prospective cohort study in 2005 and were followed up to 2010 with the endpoint being incident of prehypertension. During the follow up period (median 2.80 +/- 1.44 yr; actual follow-up 37,679.1 person-year), prehypertension was developed in 7,867 (58.6%) participants. Risk estimations for incident prehypertension were analyzed based on quartiles of serum GGT levels using multivariate adjusted Cox proportional hazards model. In unadjusted model, the hazard ratio for incident prehypertension for the highest 3 quartiles of baseline serum GGT level was 1.21 (1.13-1.29), 1.29 (1.21-1.38), and 1.57 (1.47-1.67) compared the lowest quartile of serum GGT level, respectively (P for trend < 0.001). These associations still remained statistically significant, even after adjusting for multiple covariates. These findings indicate that increased serum GGT level is independently associated with incident prehypertension in Korean men.

Significant high lipid profile in pre-hypertensive subjects as compare to stage 1 and stage 2 of hypertensive subjects

To analyze the differences in lipid profile in various categories of hypertension in our local population. Cross Sectional Study. This study was conducted at Amin Hayat Memorial Trust for diabetes and Hypertension, Lahore and Punjab Institute of Cardiology [PIC], Lahore from Dec. 2005 to May 2007. A total of 510 subjects of either sex were screened during a cross-sectional study. Biochemical assessment includes the determination of TC [Total Cholesterol], LDL-C [Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol], HDL-C [High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol], and TG [Triglycerides], which were measured by using commercially available kits using Hitachi 902 photometer. vLDL and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was calculated by using formula. Abnormal lipid profile was observed in 59% of the study population. Around 75% of prehypertensive subjects had abnormal lipid profile as compare to stage 1 and stage 2 of hypenension. Beside prevalence significant high levels of TC, LDL-L, and LDL-C/HDL-C were also observed in prehypertensive group. Females had significantly high levels of TC, HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C compared to males. A high prevalence of dyslipidemia was observed in all stages of hypertension; however, prehypertensive group had significant high levels of lipid profile and smoking and family history also predispose to high blood pressure