ABSTRACT
The incidence of facial trauma is high. This study has the primary objective of documenting and cataloging maxillofacial fractures in polytrauma patients. From a total of 1229 multiple trauma cases treated at the Emergency Room of the Santo Antonio Hospital - Oporto Hospital Center, Portugal, between August 2001 and December 2007, 251 patients had facial wounds and 209 had maxillofacial fractures. Aged ranged form 13 to 86 years. The applied selective method was based on the presence of facial wound with Abbreviated Injury Scale ≥1. Men had a higher incidence of maxillofacial fractures among multiple trauma patients (86.6%) and road traffic accidents were the primary cause of injuries (69.38%). Nasoorbitoethmoid complex was the most affected region (67.46%) followed by the maxilla (57.42%). The pattern and presentation of maxillofacial fractures had been studied in many parts of the world with varying results. Severe multiple trauma patients had different patterns of maxillofacial injuries. The number of maxillofacial trauma is on the rise worldwide as well as the incidence of associated sequelae. Maxillofacial fractures on multiple trauma patients were more frequent among males and in road traffic crashes. Knowing such data is elementary. The society should have a key role in the awareness of individuals and in prevention of road traffic accidents.
É alta a incidência de traumas na face. Este estudo teve por objetivo documentar e catalogar as fraturas maxilofaciais em pacientes com politraumatismos. De um total de 1229 casos de politraumatizados tratados na Sala de Emergência do Hospital de Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal, entre Agosto de 2001 e Dezembro de 2007, 251 pacientes tiveram ferimentos na face e 209 apresentaram fraturas maxilofaciais. As idades variaram de 13 a 86 anos. O método de seleção baseou-se na presença de ferimentos na face com Abreviated Injury Scale ≥1. Os homens apresentaram maior incidência de fraturas maxilofaciais (86,6%) entre os pacientes com múltiplos traumatismos na face e os acidentes de trânsito foram a causa principal dos traumatismos (69,38%). A região mais afetada foi o complexo naso-órbito-etmoidal (67,46%), seguido pela maxila (57,42%). O padrão e a apresentação das fraturas maxilofaciais tem sido estudado em muitas regiões do mundo com resultados variados. Pacientes com politraumatizados graves apresentaram padrões diferentes de traumatismos maxilofaciais. O número de traumatismos maxilofaciais tem aumentado à escala mundial, assim como a incidência das sequelas associadas. Entre os pacientes com traumatismos múltiplos, a maioria pertencia ao sexo masculino, assim como a causa mais frequente foram os acidentes automobilísticos. É elementar o conhecimento destes dados. A sociedade tem um papel primordial nos cuidados individuais e na prevenção dos acidentes de trânsito.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Rats , Cholinesterase Reactivators , Choline/analogs & derivatives , Diazinon/antagonists & inhibitors , Neurotransmitter Agents/pharmacology , Physostigmine/antagonists & inhibitors , Pyrrolidines/antagonists & inhibitors , Choline/metabolism , Choline/pharmacology , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/toxicity , Diazinon/toxicity , Mice, Inbred ICR , Physostigmine/toxicity , Pyrrolidines/toxicity , Rats, Inbred Strains , Receptors, Cholinergic/drug effects , Receptors, Cholinergic/metabolismABSTRACT
Faz-se uma revisäo clínico-farmacológica do cloridrato de buflomedil, importante molécula vasoativa, sobretudo ao nível da microcirculaçäo
Subject(s)
Pyrrolidines/pharmacology , Chemistry , Microcirculation/drug effects , Pyrrolidines/toxicityABSTRACT
Six new substituted acylamides, chemically related to lignocaine were studied for local anaesthetic activity and toxicity in mice, frogs and guinea pigs. Only one of these compounds, w-pyrrolidino 2, 3, 5, 6 tetramethyl acetanilide was found to possess potency comparable to lignocaine with a slightly higher therapeutic index. Study of the S.A.R. of this group indicated that by removal of two methyl groups at position 3 and 5 in the above compound, a local anaesthetic with greater potency than lignocaine may be obtained. Further exploration of the potentialities of a compound having pyrrolidine group as a part of basic side chain is indicated.