Limits and possibilities experienced by nurses in the treatment of women with chronic venous ulcers / Límites y posibilidades vividas por enfermeras en el tratamiento de mujeres con úlcera venosa crónica / Limites e possibilidades vivenciados por enfermeiras no tratamento de mulheres com úlcera venosa crônica

Objective To understand the experiences and expectations of nurses in the treatment of women with chronic venous ulcers. Method Phenomenological research was based on Alfred Schütz, whose statements were obtained in January, 2012, through semi-structured interviews with seven nurses. Results The nurse reveals the difficulties presented by the woman in performing self-care, the perceived limitations in the treatment anchored in motivation, and the values and beliefs of women. It showed professional frustration because venous leg ulcer recurrence, lack of inputs, interdisciplinary work and training of nursing staff. There was an expected adherence to the treatment of women, and it emphasized the need for ongoing care, supported self-care and standard practices in treatment. Conclusion That treatment of chronic venous leg ulcers constitutes a challenge that requires collective investment, involving women, professionals, managers and health institutions. .

Objetivo Comprender las experiencias y expectativas de enfermeras en el tratamiento de mujeres con úlcera venosa crónica. Método Investigación fenomenológica fundamentada en Alfred Schutz, que buscó Se realizó entrevista semiestructurada con siete enfermeras, en enero del 2012. Resultados La enfermera revela dificultades presentadas por la mujer para realizar el autocuidado, percibe limitaciones en el tratamiento relacionadas con la desmotivación, los valores y las creencias de las mujeres. Refiere frustración profesional debido a la recidiva de la lesión, a la falta de insumos, al deficiente trabajo interdisciplinar y a la limitada capacitación del equipo de enfermeras. Espera la adhesión de la mujer al tratamiento y resalta la necesidad del cuidado continuo, del autocuidado apoyado y de estandarizar conductas de tratamiento. Conclusión El tratamiento de la úlcera venosa crónica es un desafío que requiere contribución colectiva, involucrando a las mujeres, a los profesionales, a los gestores y a las instituciones de salud. .

Objetivo Compreender as experiências e expectativas de enfermeiras no tratamento de mulheres com úlcera venosa crônica na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método Pesquisa fundamentada na fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz, com depoimentos obtidos em janeiro de 2012, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com sete enfermeiras. Resultados As enfermeiras revelam dificuldades apresentadas pelas mulheres com úlcera venosa crônica para realizar o autocuidado, percebem limitações na terapêutica ancoradas na desmotivação e nos valores e crenças das mulheres. Referem frustração profissional em razão da recidiva da lesão, falta de insumos e tecnologia, de trabalho interdisciplinar e da capacitação da equipe de enfermagem. Esperam a adesão das mulheres ao tratamento e ressaltam a necessidade do cuidado contínuo, do autocuidado apoiado e da padronização de condutas no tratamento. Conclusão O tratamento da úlcera venosa crônica constitui-se em um desafio que requer investimento coletivo, envolvendo a mulher, os profissionais, os gestores e as instituições de saúde. .

Efficacy and safety of rilmenidine, a selective imidazoline I1 receptor binding ligand, in mild-to-moderate Thai hypertensive patients.

BACKGROUND: Rilmenidine is an antihypertensive agent that selectively binds to imidazoline I1 receptor located in the brainstem and kidney. It acts both centrally by reducing sympathetic overactivity and in the kidney by decreasing water and sodium overload. This dual action leads to the immediate and delayed control of blood pressure caused by this drug. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of rilmenidine as monotherapy in mild-to-moderate essential hypertensive patients. METHOD: An 8-week, open-labeled, multicenter study was conducted in Thai patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Rilmenidine 1 mg/day was given for 8 weeks. The dose could be titrated up to 2 mg/day according to the patient's blood pressure response at week 4. The primary efficacy parameters were the mean reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The proportions of patients whose blood pressure normalized or responded were evaluated as secondary efficacy parameters. Safety parameters were assessed by the changes in heart rate and reported side effects during the treatment period. RESULTS: 103 subjects (44.7% men) with a mean age of 53 +/- 9.7 years completed the 8-week follow-up. At baseline, 46.6 per cent and 53.4 per cent of the patients were classified with mild and moderate hypertension, respectively. The mean blood pressure was 154/93 mmHg. After the 8-week treatment, there was a significant decrease in blood pressure to 140/86 mmHg (p < 0.001), with mean pressure reduction of 14/7.5 mmHg. The normalization rate was 44 per cent and the response rate was 68 per cent. No significant changes were found for mean heart rate and any laboratory parameters tested. Only 17 patients reported mild and transient side effects such as drowsiness and dryness of the mouth and throat, which required no treatment. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that rilmenidine is an effective and well tolerated monotherapy in Thai patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension.

Neurobiología de los péptidos opioides / Neurobiology of opioid peptides

En los últimos 25 años hemos asistido a la formación de nuevas e importantes líneas de investigación en el dominio de las neurociencias, producido por el estudio de los neuropéptidos, los cuales constituyen virtualmente una nueva clase de transmisores químicos. Muchos de ellos pueden funcionar como hormonas endócrinas, parácrinas y amacrínas, además de poseer la cualidad de influir en funciones como las cognocistivas y en los facores de crecimineto. La diversidad bioquímica de las células nerviosas ha revelado la coexistencia, en la misma célula, de neuropéptidos con neurotransmisores clásicos, propiedad que ofrece nuevas perspectivas en la transmisión sináptica. Posiblemente, el grupo de neuropéptidos más grande hasta ahora identificado y estudiado, cuya influencia es decisiva en la homeostasis celular, es el de los péptidos opioides. En la presente revisión hacemos una breve reseña histórica del descubrimiento de las encefalinas, y ofrecemos un panorama general y actualizado sobre los procesos implicados en el metabolismo de los opioides, su síntesis, liberación, tipos de receptores y catabolismo. Para concluir, pasamos revista a las diferentes funciones en las cuales pueden estar implicados. El conocimiento acumulado en dos décadas de estudio sobre las propiedades y funciones de los péptidos opioides aunado a las técnicas modernas en la biología molécular y de diagnóstico clínico, como la tomografía por emisión de positrones y la resonancia magnética nuclear, nos permiten avisorar un panorama prometedor de intervención terapéutica

Neuropharmacological actions of some newly synthesized Mannich bases.

Benzamido (alkyl) methyl pyrrolidine Mannich bases were synthetized and subjected to certain neuropharmacological studies. All the bases reduced the pentobarbitone sleeping time and rota-rod grip of rats. The Mannich bases II, III and V raised the minimal electro-shock seizure threshold of rats. The TAB-induced pyrexia was not reduced by the bases I and III in rabbits. None of the bases showed any significant analgesic activity.