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1.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 16(1): 41-47, 2021. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1284223

ABSTRACT

Congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM) are rare and occur due to a failure in lung embryological development. They are classified according to their pathological characteristics and their anatomical origin. They can occur from the antenatal period to adulthood, can be associated with hydrops fetalis, respiratory distress, recurrent infections, or in an otherwise asymptomatic patient. In this article we carry out a scope review of the literature to answer frequent questions of the clinical teams in charge of patients with CPAM, such as the antenatal approach, the different types of surgeries and the management of asymptomatic patients. Although the indication for surgery is clear in symptomatic patients, little is known about its natural history of this condition, including the possibility of spontaneous resolution and the development of complications or neoplasm. So, the treatment of asymptomatic patients continues to be controversial. Therapeutic decisions must be made by multidisciplinary teams with the informed participation of parents and patients. In our opinion, considering the excellent results of minimally invasive surgery, its low incidence of complications, and practically zero mortality when performed by experienced groups, it seems reasonable to consider elective resection of a MCVAP in asymptomatic patients.


Las malformaciones congénitas de la vía aérea pulmonar (MCVAP) son infrecuentes y ocurren debido a una falla en el desarrollo embriológico pulmonar. Se clasifican de acuerdo con sus características patológicas y a su origen anatómico. Se pueden presentar desde el periodo antenatal hasta la adultez, asociarse a cuadros de hidrops fetal, distrés respiratorio, infecciones recurrentes, o como un hallazgo en pacientes asintomáticos. En este artículo realizamos una revisión bibliográfica exploratoria para responder dudas frecuentes de los equipos clínicos a cargo de pacientes con MCVAP, como el enfrentamiento antenatal, los distintos tipos de cirugía y su abordaje, y el manejo de pacientes asintomáticos. Si bien la indicación de cirugía es clara en pacientes sintomáticos, poco se conoce acerca de su historia natural, incluyendo la posibilidad de resolverse de forma espontánea, de complicarse o de evolucionar hacia el desarrollo de una neoplasia, por lo que el tratamiento de pacientes asintomáticos continúa siendo controversial. Las decisiones terapéuticas deben ser tomadas por equipos multidisciplinarios con la participación informada de los padres y de los pacientes. En nuestra opinión, considerando los excelentes resultados de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva, su baja incidencia de complicaciones y prácticamente nula mortalidad, al ser realizada por grupos con experiencia, nos parece razonable plantear la resección electiva de una MCVAP en un paciente asintomático.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Respiratory System Abnormalities/surgery , Pneumonectomy , Prenatal Care , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Thoracotomy , Radiography, Thoracic , Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital/surgery , Respiratory System Abnormalities/classification , Respiratory System Abnormalities/embryology , Respiratory System Abnormalities/diagnostic imaging , Risk , Lung/abnormalities
2.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 75(2): 119-126, mar.-abr. 2018. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-951299

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Las malformaciones pulmonares congénitas son una causa poco frecuente de morbilidad neonatal. Algunas de ellas tienen un origen común, lo que permite identificar lesiones combinadas. Su diagnóstico puede realizarse de forma prenatal mediante ultrasonido, con las limitaciones de que solo se realiza en centros especializados y que depende de la pericia del operador. La asociación entre el secuestro pulmonar y la malformación congénita de la vía aérea se ha descrito aproximadamente en 40-60 casos desde 1949, cuando se observó por primera vez. Muchas lesiones no son perceptibles en la vida intrauterina. Sin embargo, en el periodo neonatal se presentan síntomas respiratorios recurrentes que en algunos casos están asociados con una malformación pulmonar. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de una lactante diagnosticada con secuestro pulmonar a las 24 semanas de edad gestacional. Recibió tratamiento quirúrgico intrauterino con reporte de resolución completa de la malformación en ultrasonidos posteriores. Fue valorada por neumología pediátrica a los 4 meses de edad. Se realizó una angiotomografía y se confirmó la presencia de secuestro pulmonar, por lo que se realizó una lobectomía. El estudio histopatológico reportó secuestro pulmonar extralobar con malformación congénita de la vía aérea pulmonar tipo 2. Estas lesiones combinadas se identificaron mediante un estudio histopatológico. El tratamiento de elección fue quirúrgico. Conclusiones: Ante la confirmación de una malformación, destaca la importancia de realizar la búsqueda de otras malformaciones que pudieran estar asociadas.


Abstract Introduction: Congenital pulmonary malformations are a rare cause of neonatal morbidity. Some of them have a common origin, which allows the identification of combined lesions. Its diagnosis can be made prenatally by ultrasound, with the limitation that this study is performed in specialized centers and depends on the expertise of the operator. The association of pulmonary sequestration and congenital malformation of the airway has been described in approximately 40-60 cases since its first description in 1949. Many lesions are not perceptible in intrauterine life and in the neonatal period there are recurrent respiratory symptoms that in some cases are associated with a congenital pulmonary malformation. Case report: We report the case of a young infant, who was diagnosed with pulmonary sequestration at 24 weeks of gestational age, undergoing intrauterine surgical treatment with a report of complete resolution of the malformation in posterior ultrasounds. She was valued by pediatric pneumology at 4 months of age, where angiotomography was performed and the presence of pulmonary sequestration was confirmed by lobectomy. The histopathological study reported extralobar pulmonary sequestration with congenital malformation of the pulmonary airway type 2. These combined lesions were identified by histopathological study. The treatment of choice was surgical. Conclusions: Upon the confirmation of a malformation, we emphasize the importance of performing a screening in order to search for other that could be associated.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Prenatal Diagnosis/methods , Respiratory System Abnormalities/diagnosis , Bronchopulmonary Sequestration/diagnosis , Pneumonectomy/methods , Respiratory System Abnormalities/surgery , Bronchopulmonary Sequestration/surgery , Gestational Age , Fetal Therapies/methods , Computed Tomography Angiography/methods
4.
Indian J Pediatr ; 2008 Sep; 75(9): 931-7
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-83863

ABSTRACT

Esophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, bronchopulmonary malformations and cystic lung diseases are the common neonatal thoracic surgical lesions encountered in practice. The availability of antenatal ultrasonography has lead to these lesions being detected before birth. Antenatal diagnosis can be made with a fair degree of accuracy in tertiary fetal medicine centres. Antenatal intervention is limited in a very few centres in the western world and not being done in India at present. The outcome of these babies with antenatal diagnosis of thoracic lesions has changed in the last decade. Earlier intervention is now possible in cystic lung disease before infectious complication has set in. All these lesions are managed exclusively in well developed neonatal surgery units with excellent outcome in the western world. The present study reviews the antenatal detection, clinical presentation, interventional/surgical procedures [antenatally and postnatally] and outcome of these common neonatal thoracic surgical lesions.


Subject(s)
Bronchogenic Cyst/surgery , Bronchopulmonary Sequestration/surgery , Congenital Abnormalities/surgery , Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital/diagnosis , Esophageal Atresia/surgery , Female , Hernia, Diaphragmatic/congenital , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Lung Diseases/surgery , Pregnancy , Prenatal Diagnosis , Pulmonary Emphysema/surgery , Respiratory System Abnormalities/surgery , Ultrasonography, Prenatal
5.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 491-496, 2007.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-109314

ABSTRACT

Long-segment tracheal stenosis in infants and small children is difficult to manage and can be life-threatening. A retrospective review of 12 patients who underwent surgery for congenital tracheal stenosis between 1996 and 2004 was conducted. The patients' median age was 3.6 months. All patients had diffuse tracheal stenosis involving 40-61% (median, 50%) of the length of the trachea, which was suspected to be associated with complete tracheal ring. Five patients had proximal bronchial stenosis also. Ten patients had associated cardiac anomalies. Three different techniques were performed; pericardial patch tracheoplasty (n=4), tracheal autograft tracheoplasty (n=6), and slide tracheoplasty (n=2). After pericardial tracheoplasty, there were 2 early and 2 late deaths. All patients survived after autograft and slide tracheoplasty except one who died of pneumonia one year after the autograft tracheoplasty. The duration of ventilator support was 6-40 days after autograft and 6-7 days after slide tracheoplasty. The duration of hospital stay was 13-266 days after autograft and 19-21 days after slide tracheoplasty. Repeated bronchoscopic examinations were required after pericardial and autograft tracheoplasty. These data demonstrate that pericardial patch tracheoplasty show poor results, whereas autograft or slide tracheoplasty gives excellent short- and long-term results.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Body Weight , Follow-Up Studies , Length of Stay , Pulmonary Artery/pathology , Respiratory System Abnormalities/surgery , Thoracic Surgical Procedures , Trachea/anatomy & histology , Tracheal Stenosis/congenital , Treatment Outcome
6.
Rev. chil. cir ; 51(3): 241-8, jun. 1999. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-245495

ABSTRACT

La malformación congénita broncopulmonar es una entidad clínica poco frecuente y de difícil diagnóstico, destacan entre los métodos de apoyo la radiología, la tomografía axial computada, la angiografía, el Doppler color y la ultrasonografía. Se presenta una revisión retrospectiva de 10 años con 21 casos de los cuales 13 corresponden a niños menores de 15 años y 8 adultos. Los quistes broncógenos son los más frecuentes (6-28,5 por ciento). En segundo lugar la bronquiectasia quística congénita (5-23,8 por ciento), la malformación adenomatoide quística (4-19 por ciento), el secuestro pulmonar (3-14,2 por ciento), la aplasia pulmonar (2-9,5 por ciento) y la fístula arteriovenosa (1-5 por ciento). Todos fueron intervenidos a excepción de los 2 pacientes portadores de aplasia pulmonar. Se realizaron 12 lobectomías y 7 segmentectomías. Sólo un caso debió reintervenirse por un hemotórax y no hubo mortalidad. El seguimiento ha mostrado excelentes resultados alejados, habiéndose intervenido uno de ellos posteriormente de un ductus persistente


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Respiratory System Abnormalities/surgery , Respiratory System Abnormalities/diagnosis , Bronchiectasis/congenital , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/surgery , Bronchopulmonary Sequestration/surgery , Arteriovenous Fistula/congenital , Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital/surgery , Bronchogenic Cyst/congenital , Retrospective Studies
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