ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Different students may adopt different learning approaches: namely, deep and surface. This study aimed to characterize the learning strategies of medical students at Trinity School of Medicine and to explore potential correlations between deep learning approach and the students' academic scores. METHODS: The study was a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional, observational study. A total of 169 medical students in the basic science years of training were included in the study after giving informed consent. The Biggs's Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire in paper form was distributed to subjects from January to November 2017. For statistical analyses, the Student t-test, 1-way analysis of variance followed by the post-hoc t-test, and the Pearson correlation test were used. The Cronbach alpha was used to test the internal consistency of the questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 169 subjects, 132 (response rate, 78.1%) completely filled out the questionnaires. The Cronbach alpha value for the items on the questionnaire was 0.8. The score for the deep learning approach was 29.4±4.6, whereas the score for the surface approach was 24.3±4.2, which was a significant difference (P<0.05). A positive correlation was found between the deep learning approach and students' academic performance (r= 0.197, P<0.05, df= 130). CONCLUSION: Medical students in the basic science years at Trinity School of Medicine adopted the deep learning approach more than the surface approach. Likewise, students who were more inclined towards the deep learning approach scored significantly higher on academic tests.
Subject(s)
Humans , Informed Consent , Learning , Observational Study , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , Students, MedicalABSTRACT
The Ministry of Health, Wellness and the Environment is grateful to individuals who have contributed to the development of this National Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs which was produced under the direction of Mr. Luis de Shong, former Permanent Secretary, Mr. Cuthbert Knights, present Permanent Secretary and Dr. Simone Keizer-Beache, Chief Medical Officer, Ministry of Health, Wellness and the Environment. Thanks also to Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) for providing technical assistance in the persons of Dr. Tomo Kanda, Advisor on Chronic Diseases and Mental Health and Ms. Anneke Wilson, the Country Program Specialist. Special thanks are extended to Sr. Beverly Liverpool, NCD Co-ordinator, for spearheading the entire process of completing the National NCD Action Plan.
Subject(s)
National Health Strategies , Noncommunicable Diseases/prevention & control , Health Promotion , Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess nutritional status and dietary practices in persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). METHODS: A case-control design was used. Cases consisted of 36 PLWHA. Controls consisted of 37 persons within the same age range from the general population. Participants filled out a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic, dietary and health history items. In addition, they had weight, height, upper mid-arm circumference and triceps skinfold measured using standard procedure. Biochemical and clinical data for cases were extracted from their clinic file. RESULTS: HIV-positive persons had significantly lower mean weight, BMI, upper mid-arm circumferences, arm muscle area and arm fat area than persons in the control group. They were also less likely to use multivitamins, dietary supplements, fruit and vegetables than persons in the control group. Correlation coefficients between corrected arm muscle area (CAMA) and BMI and weight ranged from 0.67 to 0.74 in cases and 0.41 to 0.68 for the control group, respectively. Screening for depleted CD4 counts using gender specific CAMA cut-offs indicative of depleted arm muscle reserves resulted in 48% sensitivity and 100% specificity in identifying PLWHA with CD4 counts < 200 cells/µL. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that PLWHA are at increased risk for poor intakes of fruits and vegetables and depleted lean body mass. In addition, CAMA along with other clinic measures might be useful in the identification of PLWHA who might be responding adequately to treatment.
OBJETIVOS: El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar es estatus nutricional y las prácticas dietéticas de personas que viven con VIH/SIDA (PVVS). MÉTODOS: Se usó un diseño de control de casos. Los casos consistían en 36 PVVS. Los controles consistían en 37 personas en el mismo rango de edad de la población general. Los participantes llenaron un cuestionario contentivo de aspectos socio-demográficos, dietéticos, y cuestiones relacionadas con la historia de la salud. Además, se les determinó el peso, y se les tomó las medidas de la altura, la circunferencia del brazo medio superior, y el pliegue cutáneo del tríceps, usando procedimientos estándar: Los datos bioquímicos y clínicos para los casos, fueron extraídos de sus historias clínicas. RESULTADOS: Las personas VIH positivas tuvieron un promedio de peso, IMC, circunferencias del brazo medio superior, área muscular del brazo, y área adiposa del brazo, significativamente más bajo que las personas en el grupo control. También mostraron una menor tendencia a usar multivitaminas, suplementos dietéticos, frutas y vegetales, que las personas en el grupo control. Los coeficientes de correlación entre el área muscular del brazo corregida (AMBC), y el IMC y el peso tuvieron un rango de 0.67 a 0.74 en los casos y de 0.41 a 0.68 en el grupo control, respectivamente. El pesquisaje para el conteo de células CD4 agotadas usando límites de AMBC específicos del género, indicativos del agotamiento de las reservas musculares del brazo, arrojó un 48% de sensibilidad y un 100% de especificad en la identificación de PVVS con conteos de CD4 < 200 células/µL. CONCLUSIÓN: Los hallazgos sugieren que las PVVS enfrentan un riesgo mayor debido a un consumo pobre de frutas y vegetales, y a una masa corporal magra menguada. Además, la AMBC junto con las otras medidas clínicas, podría ser útil a la hora de identificar PVVS que pudieran esta respondiendo adecuadamente al tratamiento.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Feeding Behavior , HIV Infections/complications , Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Nutrition Disorders/etiology , Nutritional Status , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Anthropometry , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Confidence Intervals , Fruit , Mass Screening , Odds Ratio , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , VegetablesABSTRACT
Cost estimates are derived for services provided at the Milton Cato Memorial Hospital (previously known as the Kingstown General Hospital) using the step-down accounting method Both total and average unit cost estimates are provided Among the findings of note is that the cost per patient per day spent on the Maternity Ward is 57.4 higher than for the Surgical Ward. Even with the 1995 increase in user fees, the levels of subsidization for inpatient services remains relatively high at 78-96 for public patients and 43-72 for private patients. Ancillary services werefoundto have lower levels of subsidization and in most cases the full costs were recovered from private patients. Laboratory services are not subsidized
Se deducen los costos estimados para los servicios que se brindan en el Milton Cato Memorial Hospital (previamente conocido como Kingstown General Hospital) usando el método de etapas en contabilidad. Se ofrecen los estimados del costo total y el costo promedio por unidad. Entre los resultados a resaltar se halla que el costo por paciente por día en la sala de maternidad es 57.4% más alto que en la sala de cirugía. Incluso con el aumento llevado a cabo en 1995 en relación con el pago de honorarios por parte del usuario, los niveles de subvención de los servicios a pacientes hospitalizados permanecen relativamente altos, llegando a ser de un 78%-96% para los pacientes públicos y 43% - 72% para los pacientes privados. Se halló que los servicios suplementarios presentaban niveles de subsidio más bajos, y que en la mayor parte de los casos se recuperaba la totalidad de los costos de los pacientes privados. Los servicios de laboratorio no se subvencionan.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hospital Costs/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, General , Models, Statistical , Hospital Departments , Hospital Costs/trends , Costs and Cost Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Hospitals, General/economics , Hospitals, General/statistics & numerical data , Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesSubject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Aged , Health of the Elderly , Biography , Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesABSTRACT
Tres estudios recientes analizaron el grado de deficiencia de vitamina A, betacarotenos y hierro en Jamaica, Antigua y Barbuda, Dominica, San Vicente y las Granadinas y Guyana. Todos los estudios fueron efectuados por el Instituto Caribeño de Alimentación y Nutrición, o en colaboración con él. En todas las encuestas, que fueron similares en su estructura y resultados, se recolectaron muestras de sangre con el fin de determinar las deficiencias de micronutrientes. También se aplicaron cuestionarios para recoger información sobre los patrones de alimentación. Los principales grupos estudiados fueron los niños pequeños, los escolares y las mujeres embarazadas. La anemia por deficiencia de hierro fue la deficiencia de micronutrientes más común de las que se encontraron en los tres estudios. Aunque se hallaron pocos casos de deficiencia de vitamina A grave, fueron más comunes las deficiencias marginales. En los tres estudios se hicieron recomendaciones similares para hacer frente a las deficiencias detectadas en los diversos países. Es menester que los gobiernos y otras agencias sigan promoviendo la disponibilidad y el consumo de alimentos ricos en vitamina A y caroteno. Los programas contra la anemia deben dirigirse específicamente hacia los niños de 1 a 4 años de edad y las mujeres embarazadas
Subject(s)
Vitamin A Deficiency , Micronutrients , beta Carotene , Iron Deficiencies/diagnosis , Dominica , Guyana , Jamaica , Antigua and Barbuda , Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesSubject(s)
Local Health Systems , Organization and Administration , Planning Techniques , Decision Support Systems, Management/organization & administration , Teaching , Health Policy, Planning and Management/organization & administration , Caribbean Region , Dominica , Inservice Training , Models, Educational , Community Health Planning/organization & administration , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , Staff DevelopmentSubject(s)
Health Services Coverage , Health Services Coverage , Indians, Central American , Indians, North American , Indians, South American , Local Health Systems , Caribbean Region , Dominica , Health Promotion , Health Status , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , International Cooperation , Latin America , Policy Making , Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesSubject(s)
Hospital Administration , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Quality of Health Care , Local Health Systems/trends , Caribbean Region , Dominica , Organization and Administration , Pan American Health Organization , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , Technical Cooperation , Utilization ReviewSubject(s)
Health Services Coverage , Health Services Coverage , Indians, Central American , Indians, North American , Indians, South American , Local Health Systems , Caribbean Region , Decision Making , Dominica , Health Promotion , Health Services Needs and Demand , Health Status , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , International Cooperation , Latin America , Policy Making , Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesSubject(s)
Program Evaluation , Poverty , Environmental Health , Local Health Systems/trends , Organization and Administration , Brazil , Colombia , Technical Cooperation , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Pan American Health Organization , Peru , Caribbean Region , Dominican Republic , Utilization Review , Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesABSTRACT
This study was carried out to determine whether appropriate training of health workers in the management of iron supplementation programmes would decrease the prevalence of anaemia in pregnant and lactating women. The results showed that there was in fact a decrease in the prevalence of anaemia