ABSTRACT
Case presentation of acute cerebellitis caused by herpes simplex virus.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Cerebellar Diseases/drug therapy , Cerebellar Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Simplexvirus/drug effects , Simplexvirus/pathogenicity , Cerebellar Diseases/diagnosisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is an endemic disease and it is estimated that 6095% of the adult population are infected with symptoms that are usually self-limiting, though they can be serious, extensive and prolonged in immunocompromised individuals, highlighted by the emergence of drug-resistant strains. The study of the wild-type HSV strains based on the cytopathogenic features and its antiviral sensitivity are important in the establishment of an antivirogram for controlling the infection. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to isolate and examine the cytopathological characteristics of circulating strains of the Herpes simplex virus, from clinical specimens and their sensitivity to commercially available antiherpesvirus drugs, acyclovir, phosphonophormic acid and trifluridine. METHODS: Herpes simplex virus isolation, cytopathological features and antiviral sensitivity assays were performed in cell culture by tissue culture infectious dose or plaque forming unit assay. RESULTS: From twenty-two clinical specimens, we isolated and adapted nine strains. Overall, the cytopathic effect was detected 24 h post-infection (p.i.) and the presence of syncytia was remarkable 48 h p.i., observed after cell staining. Out of eight isolates, four developed plaques of varying sizes. All the isolates were sensitive to acyclovir, phosphonophormic and trifluridine, with the percentage of virus inhibition (%VI) ranging from 49.7-100%. CONCLUSIONS: The methodology for HSV isolation and characterization is a straightforward approach, but the drug sensitivity test, regarded as being of great practical importance, needs to be better understood. .
Subject(s)
Humans , Acyclovir/pharmacology , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Foscarnet/pharmacology , Simplexvirus/drug effects , Simplexvirus/isolation & purification , Trifluridine/pharmacology , Cells, Cultured , Hematoxylin , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Time Factors , Viral Plaque AssayABSTRACT
Zataria multiflora Boiss. is considered as an annual plant endemic in south of Iran. Origanum majorana L. is one of the most famous medicinal and nutritional herbs growing in the temperate zones of south Europe. These two have been used as carminative, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, bronchodilator and expectorant in traditional medicine of Iran and European countries. In the current study, chemical composition and antiviral effect of the essential oil of Z. multiflora and O. majorana are investigated. Composition of the essential oil samples obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Z. multiflora and O. majorana [Lamiaceae] were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Antiviral effect of the oils were investigated on Herpese simplex separately. Twenty-four components in the oil of Z. multiflora with thymol [38%], carvacrol [34.96%] and para-cymene [7.17%] as the major constituents were identified. Twenty-seven components in the oil of O. majorana were recognized, whereas terpinene-4-ol [36.2%], para-cymene [16.3%] and gamma-terpinene [7.31%] were the main components. The concentration of 1/10000 of each oil was added to Hela cells contained with HSV-I. The growth of the organism was not inhibited at this concentration of the oils. In this research 98.62% and 96.72% of the essential oil of Z. multiflora and O. majorana were determined. Both essential oils were characterized by a high amount of oxygenated compounds [85.33% and 60.3% respectively]. Where as the concentration more than 1/10000 of the oils were citotoxic for Hela cells, more study and different methods is needed to investigate antiviral effects of these two oils
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Origanum/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Herbal Medicine , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Simplexvirus/drug effectsABSTRACT
Resistance to aciclovir (ACV) among Herpes simplex virus (HSV) isolates is increasingly being reported in the literature particularly in immunocompromised patients. However, there is only limited data available from India despite widespread use of ACV in our hospital. A cross-sectional study was hence conducted to determine the aciclovir (ACV) susceptibility of HSV 1 and 2 isolates using a dye uptake (DU) assay. This study showed a 3.0% prevalence of ACV resistance among HSV-1 strains (2/66, median IC 50 0.098 microg/mL) while in HSV-2 strains, it was 7.8% (5/64, median IC 50 0.195 microg/mL). The IC 50 for the HSV-1 and HSV-2 strains resistant to ACV was greater than or equal to 6.25 microg/mL.
Subject(s)
Acyclovir/pharmacology , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Resistance, Viral , Humans , India , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Simplexvirus/drug effects , Virology/methodsABSTRACT
Sodium valproate [VPA], an anticonvalsant drug, has been reported to stimulate viral replication. A combination therapy with VPA and acyclovir [ACV] is used for the treatment of herpesvirus encephalitis, the commonest sporadic encephalitis of viral origin. To determine a possible interaction between VPA and ACV leading to a modification of antiviral activity of ACV. Cultured Hela cells were treated with 5 micro M of ACV and various concentrations of VPA followed by infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 [HSV-1]. Virus replication was monitored by quantal assay. Further investigations comprised electron microscopy, immunoperoxidase and immunoblot procedures. Possible chemical interaction between VPA and ACV was studied by nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] spectrometer. Combined treatment of infected cells with ACV and VPA revealed 50- to 250-fold potentiation of antiviral activity of ACV by increasing VPA concentrations. Examination by NMR spectrometer showed a strong chemical interaction between amino groups of ACV and carboxyl part of VPA. The present in vitro studies should be paralleled by appropriate in vivo investigations, and if substantiated, a combination therapy with ACV and VPA may supersede single ACV therapy for herpesvirus encephalitis. Further studies are thus needed to establish which of VPA metabolites or newly-formed compounds is accountable for augmentation of antiviral effect of ACV
Subject(s)
Acyclovir , Valproic Acid/pharmacology , Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex , Simplexvirus/drug effects , Drug Therapy, Combination , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyABSTRACT
En el tratamiento de esta patología es muy importante efectuar un diagnóstico correcto. Revisamos fundamentalmente la terapia de la recurrencia herpética. En la terapia el fármaco clásico ha sido aciclovir, medicamento seguro y efectivo, pero con el inconveniente de tener una baja biodisponibilidad. Los nuevos antivirales, como valaciclovir, han mejorado la biodisponibilidad permitiendo una igual o mejor respuesta clínica con una dosificación mucho más cómoda. Estos fármacos pueden ocuparse también para terapia abortiva o supresiva. mejoraba la recurrencia del paciente con el tratamiento antiviral, será importante tratar de evitar, hasta donde se pueda, la aparición de nuevas recurrencias. Para esto, se debe tratar de identificar y controlar las causas gatillantes y mejorar la condición inmunológicas local y/o general. También es importante considerar esta enfermedad integralmente en el paciente, entregando educación y las medidas necesarias para prevención
Subject(s)
Humans , Acyclovir/pharmacology , Herpes Simplex/drug therapy , Simplexvirus/drug effects , Acyclovir/administration & dosage , Administration, Topical , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Herpes Simplex/diagnosis , Herpes Simplex/etiology , Simplexvirus/pathogenicitySubject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Bile/physiology , Bile/drug effects , Mice , Rats , Simplexvirus/drug effects , ProdrugsABSTRACT
Se estudió la actividad antiviral y citotóxica de varias combinaciones de meliacina y foscarnet in vitro con el objeto de identificar aquellas combinaciones que podrían presentar una mayor actividad antiviral sobre la multiplicación del virus herpes simplex tipo 1 (HSV-1) cepa F y la cepa deficiente en timidina quinasa (TK) B2006. En las condiciones ensayadas, la concentración efectiva 50 o/o (CE50) de meliacina contra HSV-1 (F) fue 12,5 mg/ml y 15,7 mg/ml para foscarnet; mientras que contra HSV-1 (B2006) fueron 3,1 mg/ml y 126 mg/ml respectivamente. El análisis de los resultados, utilizando un modelo tridimensional, reveló que algunas de las combinaciones inhiben en forma sinérgica la multiplicación de estas cepas en concentraciones que no reducen la viabilidad celular
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Cytotoxicity, Immunologic , Foscarnet/pharmacology , Herpes Simplex/drug therapy , In Vitro Techniques , Simplexvirus/drug effectsABSTRACT
El aciclovir (ACV) es el antiviral de elección para el tratamiento de las infecciones genitales herpéticas. Su amplio uso ha derivado en la aparición de cepas resistentes. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la sensibilidad in vitro al ACV de virus herpes simplex (HSV), aislados de pacientes inmunocompetentes, con herpes genital recurrente, sometidos a distintas terapias con ACV, relacionando los resultados con los patrones genómicos de éstos. Se estudiaron 27 aislados: 8 de pacientes sometidos a terapia supresiva; 7 de pacientes con tratamiento corto y 12 de pacientes sin tratamiento, mediante técnica de inhibición del efecto citopático 50 por ciento y confirmación con técnica de reducción de unidades formadoras de placas. El 96,3 por ciento fue sensible al ACV, identificándose uno resistente (3,7 por ciento). El promedio de IC50 de los aislados sensibles en los distintos grupos de pacientes fue 0,59; 0,58 y 0,57 lig/mi, respectivamente. Los patrones genómicos de los aislados sensibles y del resistente fueron idénticos. El tipo de esquema terapéutico empleado no genera resistencia viral. El hallazgo de cepas resistentes en población inmunocompetente requiere una continua vigilancia de los aislados de HSV
Subject(s)
Humans , Acyclovir/therapeutic use , Herpes Genitalis/drug therapy , In Vitro Techniques , Simplexvirus/drug effects , Acyclovir/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Herpes Genitalis/genetics , Simplexvirus/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Se analizó la influencia de distintas condiciones experimentales sobre la determinación de la actividad antiviral del xilomanano sulfatado F6, aislado del alga roja patagónica Nothogenia fastigiata, sobre la multiplicación de los virus herpes simplex tipos 1 y 2 (HSV-1 y HSV-2). En las condiciones ensayadas, la concentración inhibitoria 50 por ciento (CI50) de F6 resultó independiente de la multiplicidad de infección (en el rango 0,1-0,0001 UFP/célula), del tipo de ensayo antiviral empleado (inhibición del rendimiento viral o reducción en la formación de placas), de la cepa de virus (F, KOS, B2006, Field) y de la línea celular (Vero, HEp-2, BHK-21). La independencia del efecto inhibitorio de F6 respecto de la multiplicidad de infección representa una ventaja para este polisacárido respecto de otros compuestos antivirales que sólo son activos frente a muy bajas dosis de virus
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents , Antiviral Agents/pharmacokinetics , Polysaccharides/pharmacokinetics , Polysaccharides/therapeutic use , Rhodophyta , Simplexvirus/drug effects , ArgentinaSubject(s)
Humans , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Chlamydia Infections/epidemiology , Gonorrhea/epidemiology , Gonorrhea/physiopathology , Papillomaviridae/pathogenicity , Syphilis/epidemiology , Syphilis/physiopathology , Simplexvirus/drug effects , Simplexvirus/pathogenicity , Uterine Cervicitis/physiopathologySubject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Acyclovir/administration & dosage , Herpes Genitalis/drug therapy , Recurrence , Acyclovir/therapeutic use , Drug Administration Schedule , Lymphocytes/immunology , Herpes Genitalis/immunology , Herpes Genitalis/blood , Clinical Protocols , Double-Blind Method , Follow-Up Studies , Simplexvirus/isolation & purification , Simplexvirus/drug effectsABSTRACT
Se describe la síntesis de derivados nucleosídicos acíclicos 1-sustituidos del 5(6)-bencimidazol y su evaluación farmacológica como compuestos antivirales. Los compuestos fueron sintetizados utilizando 5(6)-nitrobencimidazol como material de partida con los alcoholes sustituidos, clorometilados apropiados, con el fin de obtener análogos de Acyclovir y Ganciclovir, compuestos antivirales conocidos. La actividad antiviral de estos compuestos fue evaluada utilizando cepas de Herpes simplex 1 y Polivirus 1 y bajo las condiciones ensayadas resultaron inactivos
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/chemistry , Benzimidazoles/chemistry , Benzimidazoles/pharmacology , Poliovirus/drug effects , Simplexvirus/drug effects , Virus ReplicationABSTRACT
Se reseña los cuadros clínicos producidos por infeccionesde los virus herpes simplex y varicelazoster, a fin de detallar los antivirales sintéticos que pueden utilizarse efectivamente en su tratamiento y/o profilaxis