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1.
Rev. chil. anest ; 49(1): 168-171, 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1510430

ABSTRACT

Systemic toxicity by local anesthetics (LAs) is a severe and feared complication in anesthetic practice that generally results from the administration of an inappropriately high dose of LAs or an injection at an inappropriate place, either intravascular or a site with high absorption[1]. However, it is known that the susceptibility to these drugs may vary within the population, which may occur due to genetic changes in the LA binding site, located in the potential-dependent Na+ channels (Nav), thus increasing or decreasing its affinity and, therefore, its clinical consequences. We present a case of a 61 years-old female patient with a medical history of increased sensitivity to LAs. In this scenario, a genetic study was performed to exclude a Nav channel dysfunction.


La toxicidad sistémica por anestésicos locales (ALs) es una grave y temida complicación en la práctica anestésica que generalmente resulta de la administración de una dosis inapropiadamente alta de ALs o a una inyección en un lugar inadecuado, llámese intravascular o un sitio al alta absorción[1]. A pesar de lo anterior, es conocido que la susceptibilidad al efecto de estos fármacos puede variar dentro de la población, lo cual puede ocurrir debido a cambios genéticos en el sitio de unión de los AL, localizado en los canales de Na+ dependientes de potencial (Nav), incrementando o disminuyendo así su afinidad y, por ende, sus consecuencias clínicas. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 61 años con historia de sensibilidad aumentada a Als. En este escenario, se le ofreció un estudio genético para excluir una disfunción específica a nivel de canal Nav


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Sodium Channels/drug effects , Drug Hypersensitivity/etiology , Drug Hypersensitivity/genetics , Anesthetics, Local/adverse effects , Lidocaine/adverse effects , Sodium Channels/genetics , Anesthetics, Local/pharmacology , Lidocaine/pharmacology
2.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 1576-1581, 2011.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-227747

ABSTRACT

Under conditions of Na+ channel hyperactivation with aconitine, the changes in action potential duration (APD) and the restitution characteristics have not been well defined in the context of aconitine-induced arrhythmogenesis. Optical mapping of voltage using RH237 was performed with eight extracted rabbit hearts that were perfused using the Langendorff system. The characteristics of APD restitution were assessed using the steady-state pacing protocol at baseline and 0.1 microM aconitine concentration. In addition, pseudo-ECG was analyzed at baseline, and with 0.1 and 1.0 microM of aconitine infusion respectively. Triggered activity was not shown in dose of 0.1 microM aconitine but overtly presented in 1.0 microM of aconitine. The slopes of the dynamic APD restitution curves were significantly steeper with 0.1 microM of aconitine than at baseline. With aconitine administration, the cycle length of initiation of APD alternans was significantly longer than at baseline (287.5 +/- 9.6 vs 247.5 +/- 15.0 msec, P = 0.016). The functional reentry following regional conduction block appears with the progression of APD alternans. Ventricular fibrillation is induced reproducibly at pacing cycle length showing a 2:1 conduction block. Low-dose aconitine produces arrhythmogenesis at an increasing restitution slope with APD alternans as well as regional conduction block that proceeds to functional reentry.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Aconitine/pharmacology , Action Potentials/drug effects , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/chemically induced , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial , Electrocardiography , Heart/physiopathology , Heart Conduction System/physiology , Myocardium/pathology , Sodium Channels/drug effects , Ventricular Fibrillation/physiopathology
3.
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2011; 24 (3): 383-387
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-129866

ABSTRACT

Atrial fibrillation [AF] results in tachycardia-induced ionic remodeling. Pharmacological prevention of tachycardia-induced ionic remodeling not only with [classical] antiarrhythmics but also with drugs which provide a basis for some of the pillars of the so-called [upstream] therapy of AF like corticosteroids or statins has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy. Amongst other ion currents, atrial sodium current I[Na] and its tachycardia-induced alterations play an important role in AF pathophysiology. Thus, effects of a dexamethasone [DT] and atorvastatin treatment [AT] on atrial sodium current I[Na] and its tachycardia-induced remodeling were studied in a rabbit model. 9 groups with 4 animals were examined. Atrial pacemaker leads were implanted in all animals. No rapid atrial pacing [600/min] was performed in the control group but for 24 or 120 hours in the respective pacing groups. Instrumentation and pacing did not differ from the respective drug groups but an additional treatment with dexamethasone or atorvastatin [7 days] was performed. Rapid atrial pacing [RAP, 600/min] reduced I[Na] after 24 hours [ -50%] with no further reduction after 120 hours. DT reduced I[Na] [ -20%], current densities in consecutively tachypaced animals did not differ from those in untreated animals. AT reduced I[Na] similar as RAP, subsequent RAP did not further diminish I[Na]. Impact of corticosteroids and statins on I[Na] and its tachycardia-induced alterations also contribute to the mode of action of these substances in upstream treatment of atrial fibrillation


Subject(s)
Animals , Membrane Potentials/drug effects , Sodium Channels/drug effects , Tachycardia/physiopathology , Dexamethasone/pharmacology , Cardiotonic Agents/pharmacology , /pharmacology , Pyrroles/pharmacology , Patch-Clamp Techniques/methods , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/methods , Disease Models, Animal , Rabbits
5.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 143(2): 131-135, mar.-abr. 2007. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-568791

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes. Los canales iónicos ASIC (del inglés Acid Sensing Ion Channel) son canales iónicos activados por reducciones transitorias en el pH extracelular. Pese a no conocerse con exactitud su mecanismo, la activación ocurre por medio de la unión de protones al dominio extracelular del canal y es modulada por iones calcio y zinc. Objetivo. El hecho de que los cationes divalentes modifiquen el funcionamiento del canal nos llevó a preguntar si el plomo, otro catión divalente, sería capaz de alterar el funcionamiento de los ASIC. Métodos y resultados. Mediante el uso de la técnica de fijación de voltaje en configuración de célula completa en las neuronas de los ganglios de la raíz dorsal de la rata, encontramos que el plomo inhibe la corriente ASIC en forma dependiente de la concentración. Conclusiones. Estos resultados contribuyen a definir los mecanismos de activación de los canales ASIC y a explicar algunos de los mecanismos tóxicos del plomo en el organismo.


BACKGROUND: Acid sensing ion channels (ASIC) are ionic channels activated by transient pH reductions in the ext raceilularenvi ronment. Although the activation mechanism is not fully elucidated, it is clear that the channel is activated by proton binding to its extraceilular domain, a process that is modulated by calcium and zinc. OBJECTIVE: The fact that divalent cations are able to modify ASIC operation, lead us to consider if lead, anotherdivalent cation and widely distributed neurotoxicant, is also capable to affect ASIC function. METHODS: For this purpose, we recordedASiC currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons using the whole cell patch-clamp technique. RESULTS: The results indicated that lead inhibits ASIC currents in a concentration -dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS: These results contribute to the understanding of the activation mechanism of ASIC and to explain some of the toxic mechanisms of lead in the organism.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Sodium Channels/drug effects , Organometallic Compounds/toxicity , Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects , Membrane Proteins/drug effects , Nerve Tissue Proteins/drug effects , Sodium Channels/physiology , Ganglia, Spinal/physiopathology , Membrane Potentials/drug effects , Membrane Potentials/physiology , Membrane Proteins/physiology , Nerve Tissue Proteins/physiology , Rats, Wistar
7.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 30(4): 357-69, dic. 1996. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-195413

ABSTRACT

La importancia de los pesticidas sintéticos orgánicos continuará creciendo acompañando al aumento de la población mundial y en tanto la proporción de tierra cultivable se mantenga relativamente constante. Los pesticidas permiten salvar el 10 por ciento de los cultivos pero todavía un 37 por ciento se pierden anualmente debido a la acción de las plagas. Se pueden tomar a los insecticidas como modelo para ilustrar la necesidad y posibilidades futuras de agroquímicos más eficaces y seguros para el hombre y su medio. Los insecticidas más importantes en ventas constituyen el 88 por ciento del total y actúan a nivel de sólo cuatro blancos moleculares (targets) nerviosos: Acetilcolinesterasa (AChE) el 62 por ciento; Canales de Sodio-dependientes de voltaje el 18 por ciento; Canales de Cloruro-dependientes de GABA (ácido gama aminobutírico) el 6 por ciento y Receptor Nicotínico para la acetilcolina el 2 por ciento. La utilidad de los tres "targets" primeros, será gradualmente comprometida debido a problemas de resistencia de insectos, en tanto que el receptor nicotínico para acetilcolina se espera que crezca significativamente. Los compuestos que actúan sobre targets No-Nerviosos se convertirán progresivamente en mucho más importantes. Dentro de éstos se incluyen a los desacoplantes de la fosforilación oxidativa, a los inhibidores de la NADH/Ubiquinona óxido-reductasa y a los inhibidores de la ATP-asa, a los reguladores del crecimiento (juvenoides, ecdisona) y a los pesticidas microbianos que actúan en varios nuevos targets. Con un panorama de 300 insecticidas comerciales disponibles en la actualidad y la prospectiva de introducción de no más de 2 ó 3 nuevos compuestos por año en promedio, sería esencial que se hiciera un uso lo más efectivo posible de los insecticidas corrientes. Los compuestos químicos más nuevos son en general más complejos y más costosos comparados con los anteriores, pero se los usa en general a dosis mucho menores resultando una relación costo/efectividad que resulta favorable a la economía minimizando además el impacto ambiental. Los nuevos compuestos son en general activos en contra de las cepas resistentes, integrales además a los programas de M.I.P. (manejo integrado de plagas) y suelen poseer una mínima toxicidad en los mamíferos


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Acetylcholinesterase/drug effects , Insect Control/statistics & numerical data , Insecticides/pharmacology , Pesticides/pharmacology , Chloride Channels , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/metabolism , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics , Pest Control, Biological/methods , Insect Control , Insect Control/economics , Insect Hormones , Insecticide Resistance/physiology , Insecticides/classification , Insecticides/toxicity , Pesticides/classification , Pesticides/toxicity , Receptors, Nicotinic , Sodium Channels/drug effects , Uncoupling Agents
10.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 1990 Mar; 28(3): 295-6
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-60419

ABSTRACT

The effect of penicillic acid on isolated frog's heart has been studied along with ions of Na+,K+ and Ca2+. Penicillic acid has been found to inhibit the entry of these ions into cardiac tissue thereby arresting the action of the heart. The blockage can be washed away by perfusion with Ringer's solution.


Subject(s)
Animals , Calcium Channels/drug effects , Caproates/toxicity , Heart/drug effects , Penicillic Acid/toxicity , Potassium Channels/drug effects , Ranidae , Sodium Channels/drug effects
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