Desenvolvimento de bebida tipo “café com leite” à base de extrato de café e extrato de soja e sua caracterização físico-química / Development of "coffee with milk" type drink based on extract of coffee and soybean extract and its physical-chemical characterization

O café é uma bebida muito consumida mundialmente, sendo apreciada pelas características sensoriais e estimulantes. Sua qualidade está associada a fatores, como a composição química dos grãos e seu processamento (torra e extração). O extrato de soja é uma bebida nutritiva e saudável, porém não faz parte do hábito alimentar da maioria dos brasileiros, devido ao sabor característico de “beany flavor”. O aumento de pessoas com restrições ao consumo de leite e seus derivados, levou a desenvolvimento uma bebida à base de extrato de café (EC) e extrato de soja (ES), semelhante ao clássico “café com leite". A analise de aceitação sensorial levou a formulação de ES com 3% EC. A bebida foi submetida à liofilização e após o processamento realizou-se a caracterização físico-química e analise de minerais dos extratos puros e da bebida final.

Índice glicémico, índice insulinémico y carga glicémica de bebidas de soya con un contenido bajo y alto en hidratos de carbono / Glycemic, insulinemic index, glycemic load of soy beverage with low and high content of carbohydrates

Consumption of soy has increased in Western countries due to the benefits on health and the attitude of the people to consume natural products as alternative to the use of pharmacological therapies. However, there is no evidence whether the consumption of 25 g of soy protein as recommended by the Food and Drug Administration has some effect on glucose absorption and consequently on insulin secretion. The aim of the present study was to determine glycemic index (GI), insulinemic index (InIn), and glycemic load (GL) of several soy beverages containing low or high concentration of carbohydrates, and compare them with other foods such as peanuts, whole milk, soluble fiber and a mixed meal on GI and InIn. The results showed that soy beverages had low or moderate GI, depending of the presence of other compounds like carbohydrates and fiber. Consumption of soy beverages with low concentration of carbohydrates produced the lowest insulin secretion. Therefore, these products can be recommended in obese and diabetic patients. Finally soy beverages should contain low maltodextrins concentration and be added of soluble fiber.

El consumo de soya se ha incrementado en países occidentales debido a sus beneficios sobre la salud y por la toma de conciencia de la gente a consumir productos naturales como alternativa a los medicamentos. Sin embargo, no se conoce totalmente si el consumo de 25 g de proteína de soya como recomienda la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos de Estados Unidos (FDA) tiene algún efecto sobre la absorción de glucosa y su respuesta sobre la secreción de insulina. Por lo que el objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el índice glicémico (IG), índice insulinémico (InIn) y la carga glicémica (CG) de diferentes bebidas de soya con un bajo y alto contenido de hidratos de carbono y compararlos con otros alimentos como cacahuates, la leche entera, la fibra soluble y una comida para ver el efecto de los hidratos de carbono, la fibra y la grasa sobre los IG e InIn. Los resultados muestran que las bebidas de soya presentan un IG bajo a moderado dependiendo de la presencia de otros componentes como son los hidratos de carbono y la fibra. La secreción de insulina fue significativamente menor en las bebidas de soya con bajo contenido de hidratos de carbono, por lo que pueden ser recomendadas en pacientes obesos con resistencia a la insulina o en pacientes diabéticos. Se recomienda que estas bebidas tengan bajo contenido en maltodextrinas y de preferencia con la adición de fibra soluble.

Reduction of non-digestible oligosaccharides in soymilk: application of engineered lactic acid bacteria that produce alpha-galactosidase

Human consumption of soy-derived products has been limited by the presence of non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO), such as the alpha-galactooligosaccharides raffinose and stachyose. Most mammals, including man, lack pancreatic alpha-galactosidase (alpha-Gal), which is necessary for the hydrolysis of these sugars. However, such NDO can be fermented by gas-producing microorganisms present in the cecum and large intestine, which in turn can induce flatulence and other gastrointestinal disorders in sensitive individuals.The use of microorganisms expressing alpha-Gal is a promising solution to the elimination of NDO before they reach the large intestine. In the present study, lactic acid bacteria engineered to degrade NDO have been constructed and are being used as a tool to evaluate this solution. The alpha-Gal structural genes from Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC8014 (previously characterized in our laboratory) and from guar have been cloned and expressed in Lactococcus lactis. The gene products were directed to different bacterial compartments to optimize their possible applications. The alpha-Gal-producing strains are being evaluated for their efficiency in degrading raffinose and stachyose: i) in soymilk fermentation when used as starters and ii) in situ in the upper gastrointestinal tract when administered to animals orally, as probiotic preparations. The expected outcomes and possible complications of this project are discussed.