Espermicida y espermiostático: ¿hacen referencia a lo mismo? / Spermicide and spermiostatic: Is it the same?

Antecedentes: La literatura científica ha definido los espermicidas como agentes químicos que pueden inmovilizar y algunas veces matar los espermatozoides en la vagina, sin embargo estos términos se usan de forma arbitraria y no hay un consenso que defina si la palabra espermicida debe referirse exclusivamente a una sustancia que causa la muerte espermática o a sustancias que sólo causan la inmovilización espermática y no necesariamente la muerte. Objetivo: Especificar la definición más adecuada para las sustancias que ejercen un efecto sobre la movilidad o la viabilidad espermática. Método: Revisión de la literatura en distintas bases de datos utilizando los criterios de búsqueda "espermicida" y "espermiostático", con sus equivalentes en inglés. Se seleccionaron algunos reportes en inglés y en español de los últimos 31 años, se evaluó si hacen referencia a la inhibición de la movilidad o de la viabilidad de los espermatozoides. Resultado: Se encontró que algunos reportes refieren la muerte de los espermatozoides mientras que otros sólo a su inmovilización. Conclusión: Se propone que para lograr definir si algún compuesto, extracto o sustancia con efecto sobre los espermatozoides es un agente espermiostático o espermicida es necesario que se realicen evaluaciones tanto del efecto sobre la movilidad como de la viabilidad espermática...

Background: The literature has defined spermicides as chemical agents that immobilize and occasionally kill sperm cells in the vagina, however these terms are used arbitrarily and there is no consensus that defines whether the word spermicide must refer exclusively to a substance that kills sperm or substances that only cause sperm immobilization and not necessarily the cell death. Aim: To specify the most appropriate definition for substances those have an effect on sperm motility or viability. Method: We conducted a review of the literature in different databases using the search criteria "spermicide" and "espermiostátic". We selected some reports in English and Spanish for the last 31 years, and then we evaluated if they refer to the inhibition of the mobility or sperm viability. Results: We found that some reports relate the death of sperm cells while others only affect the sperm motility. Conclusion: We propose that in order to determine whether a compound or substance extract is a spermicidal or spermiostatic agent, is necessary to conduct tests of the effect on both motility and sperm viability...

Spermicidal effect of Jieze No. 1 in combination with nonoxynol-9 in vitro / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Spermicidal effect of Jieze No. 1 (JZ1) in combination with nonoxynol-9 (N-9) was examined in vitro. The minimum spermicidal concentration of JZ1 decoction, N-9 and their mixture solution in 20 s and 3 min were examined by improved spermicidal test of Sander-cramer in vitro. The percentages of progressively moving spermatozoa, moving spermatozoa and viable spermatozoa were also observed 20 s, 3 min and 30 min after the addition of the liquid medicine. Our results showed that sperms did not recover their activities in a revival test when the minimum spermicidal concentration of either JZ1 decoction, or N-9, or the mixed solution of the two agents, was used. N-9 (JZ1 in the mixed group) showed significant differences in the percentages of progressively moving spermatozoa, moving spermatozoa, and visible spermatozoa in 20 s, 3 min, and 30 min, when compared with N-9 alone (P < 0.01). We are led to conclude that JZ1 decoction can improve N-9 spermicidal action in vitro, and when used in combination with N-9, it has synergic effect.

Potentiation of spermicidal activity of 2',4'-dichlorobenzamil by lidocaine.

The present investigation was designed to study the spermicidal activity of lidocaine, a membrane stabilizer, and its combination with 2',4'-dichlorobenzamil hydrochloride, a Na+-Ca2+ exchange inhibitor, on human semen and spermatozoa separated from semen. Both drugs per se produced dose- and time-dependent reduction in motility of ejaculated human sperm. Lidocaine was found to potentiate the spermicidal activity of benzamil resulting in significant decrease in time for producing complete loss of ejaculated sperm motility. Sperm revival test revealed irreversible loss of sperm viability indicating a spermicidal rather than spermiostatic action by both the drugs. Furthermore, both benzamil (10-40 mM) per se and benzamil-lidocaine combination (0.5 and 16 mM) produced contraception in rabbit model.

Effect of amino acids on inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase-X by gossypol

Gossypol acetic acid (GAA) has been shown to have male antifertility effects, but there are pronounced differences among animal species. In the search of endogenous effector molecules, which interfere with the functions of GAA, we have studied the in vitro effect of various amino acids on the inhibition of the purified LDH-X by GAA. Histidine, cysteine and glycine were shown to block the effect of GAA. The effects of these amino acids were concentration dependent. Histidine and glycine protection was found to be complex type in which both the Km and Vmax were decreased compared to control. Arginine, glutamic acid, phenylalanine and valine were found to be ineffective against the inhibitory action of GAA.

Effect of potash alum (aluminium potassium sulphate) on human semen and sperm.

25 normal and healthy human volunteers were engaged in this investigation. The different concentration of potash alum solution have different effects on sperm, motility/death and fructose level of the semen. Higher concentration have higher effects.

Avaliaçäo clínica da associaçäo do espermicida nonoxinol-9 a preservativos / Clinical evaluation of the combiiination of the spermecide nonoxinol-9 with condoms

O preservativo é um eficaz método de controle de planejamento familiar, sendo seguro também na prevençäo de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, quando usado corretamente. A associaçäo do preservativo com o agente espemicida Nonoxinol-9 poderia aumentar a eficácia anticonceptiva do preservativo. Portanto, a ralizaçäo do teste clínico objetivou uma avaliaçäo de possíveis alteraçöes na mucosa vaginal, do uso combinado e/ou laboratorial adversa, tanto no epitélio vulvovaginal quanto ao peniano, com o uso de preservativos com o espermicida Nonoxinol-9

Efeito espermicida da associaçäo ácido bórico/sulfato de 8-hidroxiquinolina em pessários de manteiga de cacau (Parte II) / Spermicidal effect of the association boric acid/8-hydroxichinolin sulfate in vaginal suppository of cacao butter (Part II)

Os autores demonstram, usando a prova de Sims-Huhner, que o uso da associaçäo ácido bórico/quinosol em pessários de manteiga de cacau apresenta marcante efeito espermicida em todas as pacientes estudadas