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1.
Salvador; s.n; 2016. 98 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-870326

ABSTRACT

A Leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma doença infecciosa e parasitária que se encontra em expansão no Brasil. A espécie que causa a doença no Brasil é a Leishmania infantum. O cão é o principal reservatório do parasita. Uma vacina contra leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) pode favorecer o controle da doença. Este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma vacina contra LVC.OBJETIVO: O estudo do primeiro capítulo visou o desenvolvimento de um modelo para a avaliação de antígenos candidatos à vacina contra LVC. METODOLOGIA: Um experimento foi realizado para obtenção de cães resistentes a LVC. Os linfócitos dos animais deveriam ser capazes de reconhecer antígenos otencialmente úteis para o desenvolvimento de uma vacina. Para isso, uma cepa de L.infantum foi isolada de cão naturalmente infectado e doente (Camaçari, Bahia). Seis cães adultos e sadios foram inoculados com 1x108 formas promastigotas em fase estacionária de cultura por via dérmica e acompanhados por dois anos.RESULTADOS: Os animais apresentaram: 1) área de induração e ulceração rasa no local da inoculação do parasita com cura espontânea em um período inferior a três meses, 2) ausência de manifestações clínicas e de alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas séricas, 3) produção baixa e flutuante de anticorpos da classe IgG reativos a antígenos de Leishmania, 4) resposta linfoproliferativa (em 4 de 6 cães) frente a estimulação com antígenos de Leishmania, 5)produção baixa de IFN-γ em um ensaio realizado com sangue total incubado por 24h com antígenos de Leishmania (4 de 5 cães), 6) carga parasitária baixa em aspirado de baço,detectada por PCR em tempo real. CONCLUSÃO: Os animais desenvolveram uma forma subclínica da infecção ao lado de resposta imune humoral e celular fracas.OBJETIVO: No segundo capítulo foi testado um ensaio de avaliação da produção de citocinas por células de sangue de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania infantum. O quantiFERON modificado permite a avaliação in vitro e de maneira rápida da produção de citocinas contra Leishmania em animais de área endêmica. METODOLOGIA: Antígeno solúvel e antígenos recombinantes de L. infantum (rLci2-NT-5R-CT e rLci2-NT-CT) foram produzidos e utilizados no ensaio para a estimulação do sangue total de27 cães de área endêmica e não endêmica para LVC por 24h. O plasma foi coletado e a produção das citocinas caninas IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 e TNF-α foram quantificadas. RESULTADO:Devido a problemas técnicos não foi possível avaliar os dados obtidos e,consequentemente,não foi possível caracterizar grupos de animais susceptíveis e resistentes.OBJETIVO: No terceiro capítulo, a carga parasitária e aspectos histológicos em diferentes regiões do baço de cães com LVC foi analisada.METODOLOGIA: A carga parasitária e alterações histológicas no baço de 6 cães com LVC foram avaliados por amostragem de três secções inferior, média e superior do órgão...


INTRODUCTION: Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is an infectious parasitic disease which is increasing in Brazil. The species that causes the disease in Brazil is Leishmaniainfantum. The dog is the main reservoir of the parasite. A canine visceral leishmaniasis vaccine (CVL) may favor the control of the disease. This paper aims to contribute to the development of a vaccine against CVL. OBJECTIVE: The first chapter study aimed the development of a model for the evaluation of candidate antigens for a vaccine against CVL. An experiment was conducted to obtain resistant dogs to CVL. Lymphocytes of these animals should be able to recognize potentially useful antigens for a vaccine development. METHODOLOGY: For this, a strain of L. infantum was isolated from naturally infected and sick dog (Camaçari, Bahia). Six dogs and healthy adults were intradermally inoculated with 1 x 108 promastigotes in the stationary phase culture and were followed for two years. RESULTS: The animals showed: 1) induration area and shallow ulceration in parasite inoculation site with spontaneous healing in a period of less than three months, 2) absence of clinical symptoms and hematological and biochemical changes, 3) low and floating production of antibodies IgG reactive to Leishmania antigens, 4) lymphoproliferative response (in 4 of 6 dogs) compared to stimulation with leishmanial antigens, 5) low IFN-γ in a test performed on whole blood incubated for 24 h with antigen Leishmania (4 of 5 dogs), 6) a low parasite load in spleen aspirates, detected by realtime PCR. CONCLUSION: These animals developed a subclinical form of the infection alongside with a weakspecific humoral and cellular immune response and weak cell. OBJECTIVE: The second section was tested in a trial evaluating cytokine production by blood cells of dogs naturally infected with Leishmaniainfantum. The modified QuantiFERON allows evaluation both in vitro and quickly production of cytokines against Leishmania in animals in an endemic area. METHODOLOGY: Soluble antigen and recombinant antigens of L. infantum (rLci2-5R-NT-CT and rLci2-NT-CT) were produced and used in the assay for the stimulation of whole blood of 27 animals from endemic and nonendemic area for LVC for 24h. Plasma was collected and cytokine production of canine IFNγ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α cytokines were quantified. RESULTS: Due to technical some problems, it was not possible to characterize groups of animals susceptible and resistant in relation to modified QuantiFERON assay results. OBJECTIVE: In the third chapter, the parasite load and histological aspects in different regions of the spleen of dogs with CVL were analyzed. METHODOLOGY: The parasite load and histological changes in the spleen of 6 dogs with CVL were evaluated by sampling three sections of the spleen (lower, middle and upper section of the organ)...


Subject(s)
Animals , Spleen/growth & development , Spleen/injuries , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/pathology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/prevention & control , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/blood , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/transmission
2.
Acta cir. bras ; 23(2): 125-129, Mar.-Apr. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-478747

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine whether the lower pole of the spleen grows after subtotal splenectomy following ligature of major spleen blood vessels. METHODS: Thirty-nine Wistar rats (328.8 ± 27.8 g) submitted to subtotal splenectomy with preservation of the lower splenic pole were divided into two groups: group 1 (control, n=20), immediate removal of the lower pole; group 2 (n=19), removal of the pole on postoperative day 80. The length, width and thickness of the pole were measured. In the control group, mean percent pole weight was calculated immediately after surgery in a direct and indirect manner. In the first case, the weight of the lower pole was divided by overall spleen weight; in the second case, pole weight was divided by the ideal weight of the spleen obtained by linear regression analysis. The results of the two calculations were compared. Macro- and microscopic examinations of the pole were performed. RESULTS: In group 1, no significant difference in mean percent pole weight was observed between the direct and indirect method. In group 2, mean percent pole weight obtained by indirect calculation on day 80 was higher than in group 1 (p<0.001). In group 2, mean length, width and thickness of the pole remnant increased from the first to the 80th day (p<0.05). Histological analysis showed preserved tissue architecture and features compatible with cell hyperplasia in group 2. CONCLUSION: The lower pole splenic remnant presented statistically significant growth up to postoperative day 80 after subtotal splenectomy, even after ligature of the major spleen vessels. Light microscopy revealed changes compatible with cell hyperplasia.


OBJETIVO: Verificar se o pólo inferior do baço cresce após a esplenectomia subtotal mesmo com a ligadura dos vasos esplênicos principais. MÉTODOS: 39 ratos, Wistar, pesando 328,8g ± 27,79 foram submetidos à esplenectomia subtotal com preservação do pólo inferior e distribuídos em dois grupos de acordo com a época da retirada do referido pólo: 1- controle (n=20)-retirada imediata; 2(n=19); retirada no 80º dia de pós-operatório. Foram medidos o comprimento, largura e espessura do pólo inferior. No grupo controle, o percentual médio do pólo inferior foi calculado imediatamente após a cirurgia de forma direta e indireta, e no grupo 2 de forma indireta. No cálculo direto dividiu-se o peso do pólo inferior pelo peso global do baço. No cálculo indireto dividiu-se o peso do pólo inferior pelo peso ideal do baço obtido por análise de regressão linear. Foi realizada a comparação entre esses dois cálculos. Foi realizado o exame macro e microscópico do pólo inferior. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significante entre o cálculo direto e indireto do percentual médio do pólo inferior no grupo 1. No grupo 2 o percentual médio do pólo inferior, por cálculo indireto, no 80º dia foi maior que no grupo 1 (p <0,001). A média do comprimento, largura e espessura desse remanescente no grupo 2 aumentou do 1º para o 80º dia( p<0,05). A análise histológica mostrou no grupo 2 manutenção da arquitetura esplênica e sinais compatíveis com hiperplasia celular. CONCLUSÃO: O pólo inferior do baço remanescente da esplenectomia subtotal, mesmo com a ligadura dos vasos esplênicos principais, apresentou média de crescimento significante no 80º dia de pós-operatório e à microscopia óptica de luz houve sinais compatíveis com hiperplasia celular.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Spleen/growth & development , Splenectomy/methods , Splenic Artery/surgery , Splenic Vein/surgery , Ligation , Postoperative Period , Rats, Wistar , Spleen/blood supply , Spleen/surgery , Time Factors
3.
Saudi Medical Journal. 2006; 27 (9): 1315-1319
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-80922

ABSTRACT

To compare the proportions of white and red pulps of the human spleen during the fetal period. We performed this study in the Department of Anatomy and Pathology of Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey, from the period between 2002-2003. Spleens from 137 dead fetuses aged between 9 and 40 weeks were embedded into paraffin blocks following classical histological steps and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. White and red pulps could be differentiated only in 25 cases [13 males, 12 females]. The proportions of the areas of white and red pulps [the trabeculae were included into the red pulp and the groups of lymphocytes were included into the white pulp] were estimated by point counting method on the sections taken from different parts of the spleens by systematic randomized sampling technique. It has been ascertained that the white pulp has been distinguished from 20th week onwards during the fetal period. The proportion of the white pulp area has been found to be 22.3% [of total white and red pulp areas] at the 20th week and has come to 37.6% at the 40th week. Concerning the trimesters, the proportion of the white pulp area has been found to be 30% [of total white and red pulp areas] at the 2nd trimester and has come to 36% at full term. While the white pulp area had a positive correlation with the gestational age [r: 0.34], the red pulp area had a negative one [r: -0.34]. No difference has been found among gender. Reference values have been obtained about the proportions of white and red pulp areas of human fetal spleen


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Spleen/embryology , Spleen/growth & development , Spleen/ultrastructure , Fetal Development/physiology , Pregnancy Trimesters , Reference Values , Time Factors , Gestational Age
4.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 27(6): 1311-1315, June 1994.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-319999

ABSTRACT

In humans the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis may be associated with some degree of somatosexual underdevelopment. In the present study we induced an experimental hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis by infecting 21-day-old mice with the São Lourenço da Mata-PE strain of Schistosoma mansoni and evaluated thyroid function and its relationship with somatosexual development. Plasma levels of T3 and T4 were determined in 115-day old male albino Swiss mice by radioimmunoassay as a measure of thyroid function. Prepuberal infection with S. mansoni resulted in significant increases in liver (74) and spleen (138) weights, although there were no changes in animal growth or plasma T3 and T4 concentrations under the experimental conditions used. The present study demonstrates that prepuberal infection of mice with S. mansoni induces the development of a hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis during adult life with apparently normal thyroid function.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Schistosomiasis , Thyrotropin , Thyroxine , Triiodothyronine , Spleen/growth & development , Liver/growth & development , Organ Size , Radioimmunoassay , Sexual Maturation , Testis/growth & development
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