The research progress of diving medicine in China / 中国应用生理学杂志

Diving medicine is one of the branches of military medicine, and plays an important role in naval development. This review introduces the progress of researches on undersea and hyperbaric physiology and medicine in the past few years in China. The article describes our research achievement in conventional diving and its medical support, researches on saturation diving and its medical support, submarine escape and its medical support, effects of hyperbaric environments and fast buoyancy ascent on immunological and cardiological functions. Diving disorders (including decompression sickness and oxygen toxicity) are also introduced.

Effect of submarine training on antioxidant ability in submarine men / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of the submarine training on the antioxidant ability of the submarine men.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>50 sea-training submarine men, 50 land-training submarine men and 50 resting submarine men were randomly selected from some submarine troops. The blood routine, the total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the levels of IFN-gamma in blood plasma, the hemolytic degree of RBC, the proliferation of peripheral-blood lymphocyte (PPL) of them were detected in each group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The T-AOC of the sea-training submarine men, the land-training submarine men and the resting submarine men significantly increased by turns [(15.38 +/- 3.11), (18.81 +/- 2.45), (20.93 +/- 2.95) U/ml], but MDA and the hemolytic degree of RBC significantly decreased by turns [(2.56 +/- 0.70), (2.12 +/- 0.53),(1.77 +/- 0.56) nmol/ml and 25.72% +/- 1.67%, 21.45% +/- 1.02%, 18.28% +/- 1.37%] (P < 0.05). Compared with the land-training submarine men and the resting submarine men, IFN-gamma [(31.89 +/- 3.52) pg/ml] and the proliferation of PPL of the sea-training submarine men were significantly lower, whereas the red blood count (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb) were significantly higher (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Submarine training, especially sea training, may decrease the antioxidant ability.</p>

Nutrition protective research on oxidative damage to submarine men / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of nutrition protection on oxidation damage of the submarine men.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>50 submarine men were randomly divided into test group and control group, 25 persons each. The test group member took VitB2 5 mg, VitC 200 mg, GPC capsule 50 mg, once every other day and VitA capsules 25 000 units for every week during the sea-voyage. The total anti-oxidative capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), the proliferation of peripheral-blood lymphocyte (PPL), the hemolytic degree of RBC and IFN-gamma were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Before sea voyage, the difference in the T-AOC and SOD and PPL and IFN-gamma and the MDA content and the hemolytic degree of RBC between the test group and the control group were not significant (P>0.05). After sea voyage, the T-AOC and SOD and PPL and IFN-gamma in the test group [(24.08 +/- 0.10) U/ml, (44.85 +/- 0.96) U/ml, (0.29 +/- 0.05) (with H2O2), (0.34 +/- 0.04) (without H2O2) and (34.21 +/- 3.52) pg/ml] were higher than the control group [(21.06 +/- 1.10) U/ml, (42.80 +/- 1.46) nu/ml, (0.23 +/- 0.01) (with H2O2), (0.34 +/- 0.04) (without H2O2) and (31.89 +/- 3.52) pg/ml]. The MDA content and the hemolytic degree of RBC [(2.15 +/- 0.28) nmol/ml and (20.96% +/- 0.10%)] were lower than the control group [(2.44 +/- 0.32) nmol/ml and (23.12% +/- 0.77%)]. The difference was significant (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>To add antioxidant nutrients can improve the submarine men's antioxidant capacity.</p>

Simulacro de emergencia: Rescate y atención de una víctima en actividades submarinas / A shan of emergency: Rescue and service to victims in submarine activities

Simulacro en el que se representó el rescate y atención de una víctima de buceo deportivo en mar abierto, con el objetivo de evaluar la coordinación de actividades y comunicaciones.

Aspectos patogénicos de la enfermedad descompresiva en buzos / Pathogenic aspects of the decompression illness in divers

En los últimos años la incidencia de la enfermedad descompresiva en Cuba se ha elevado. Para que se presente esta enfermedad los buzos deben respirar una mezcla gaseosa que contenga uno o más gases inertes (por ejemplo: nitrógeno, helio, hidrógeno), y deben permanecer un tiempo y a una profundidad determinada para que se produzca una saturación considerable de gas inerte en los tejidos. En esas condiciones es imprescindible realizar durante el ascenso paradas estáticas por el buzo para eliminar el sobrante de gas inerte que se acumula en los tejidos. Si se omiten estas paradas se producirá una sobresaturación excesiva de gas inerte que puede alcanzar el punto crítico de sobresaturación a partir del cual el gas cambia de estado y forma burbujas. Estas burbujas que pueden ser intravasculares y/o extravasculares son las responsables del cuadro sintomático de la enfermedad descompresiva

Marine medicine in the health services for maritime population

Vietnam Marine medicine Institute was established more than 20 years ago and actively contributed to many fields: examination and treatment for marine workers and people, searching and rescue, remote first-aid consultant, researching and training of marine medicine, consulting for Ministry of Health... In the future, it's the first special and leading institute of Vietnam

Escape libre de submarino hundido: tratamiento hiperbárico de las enfermedades de buceo / Free escape of downfall submarine: hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the diving sickness

En agosto de 1988 se produjo el hundimiento del submarino pacocha de la Armada Peruana, donde 22 tripulantes atrapados debiendo realizar escape libre. Objetivo. determinar el tratamiento y evolución y evolución inmediata de la enfermedad descompresiva (ED) luego del accidente. Material y métodos: Se revisaron retrospectivamente los registros técnicos y médicos existentes sobre el accidente y las historias clínicas del servicio de salvamento de la Marina. para el tratamiento fueron usadas las tablas descompresivas de Workman y Goodman de la US Navy. Resultados: Los 22 tripulantes fueron sometidos entre 16 y 23 horas a una presión calculada de 90 pies de agua de mar. Luego del escape los 22 padecieron ED: 7 ED tipo I (ED I) (31.8 por ciento) y 15 ED II (68.2 por ciento). No se diagnosticaron casos de embolia traumática por aire (ETA). Todos recibieron terapia en cámara hiperbárica, ocho de ellos tuvieron un retraso mayor de 24 horas en el inicio del tratamiento. Las tablas de tratamiento más usadas fueron la tabla 6 para 3 casos de ED II y 5 de ED I y la tabla 6A para 8 casos de Ed II. El tratamiento de 3 pacientes se efectuó inicialmente abreviado las tablas establecidas, 2 de ellos presentaron recurrencia post tratamiento y 2 empeoraron luego de su primera sesión de terapia, resultando con secuela neurológica. En general seis casos presentaron recurrencia post tratamiento (27.27 por ciento): tres tuvieron resultado clínico desfavorable luego de la primera sesión (13.64 por ciento) y dos quedaron con secuela neurológica (9.09 por ciento). No se encontró relación estadística entre la demora en el inicio del tratamiento y la presencia de recurrencias post tratamiento ni con el resultado desfavorable. La mortalidad fue de 4.54 por ciento (1 caso de Ed II tratado con tabla 6A). Sólo 2 de los pacientes tratados luego de 24 horas tuvieron recurrencias post tratamiento, evolucionando todos favorablemente: Conclusiones: El tratamiento recompresivo debe ser inmediato, independientemente de la severidad de las manifestaciones clínicas de inicio. de no ser posible, incluso el tratamiento retrasado mayor de 24 horas efectivo. Las tablas de tratamiento establecidas, son útiles para el tratamiento del accidente descompresivo, pero deben ser empleadas a cabalidad de acuerdo al diagnóstico para evitar secuelas, recurrencia y empeoramiento.

Effect of increased level of CO2 exposure in a closed environment on calcium and phosphorus balance in rats.

In rats, exposed to increased ambient CO2 level (1.5%) for 30 days a 40% reduction in food intake during first 10 days was observed which subsequently improved. Similarly the body weight also declined initially, which showed progressive gain thereafter, almost reaching that of ad libitum fed control by 30th day. The lowered Ca intake consequent to reduced food consumption was followed by diminution in renal and faecal excretion of Ca. The lowered renal Ca excretion was probably unrelated to reduced Ca intake, since the pair-fed-control, not exposed to raised CO2 level, did not show any such alteration. The net result was a drastic reduction in Ca balance despite the diminution in its excretion. Though the intake and renal excretion of P were reduced in the CO2 exposed group due to a reduction in food intake, the P balance showed a cyclic pattern as in the pair-fed controls. The serum Ca after 30 days' exposure remained unchanged while the serum inorganic P showed a variation. The data indicated that hypercapnia produced hypophagia which affected growth of rats. The reduced renal excretion of Ca may not pose a risk on calcification of soft tissues, since its retention was also reduced on exposure to raised concentration of CO2.