Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Adolescent , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/classification , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/epidemiology , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/complications , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/metabolism , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/nursing , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/physiopathology , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/psychology , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/rehabilitationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To observe the protein expression of growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) in midbrain ventral tegmental area in morphine withdrawal rats at different time, and to evaluate the effect of GAP-43 on morphine withdrawal memory.@*METHODS@#Rat models of morphine dependent 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks were established by morphine hydrochloride intraperitoneal injection with increasing doses to establish natural withdrawal. The protein expression of GAP-43 in midbrain ventral tegmental area was observed by immunohistochemical staining and the results were analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 5.1 image analysis system.@*RESULTS@#With prolongation of dependent time, the expression of GAP-43 was decreased then increased in midbrain ventral tegmental area.@*CONCLUSION@#GAP-43 could play a role in morphine withdrawal memory in midbrain ventral tegmental area.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Disease Models, Animal , GAP-43 Protein/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Mesencephalon/metabolism , Morphine/adverse effects , Morphine Dependence/metabolism , Naloxone/pharmacology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/metabolism , Time Factors , Ventral Tegmental Area/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To observe the changes of adenylate cyclase(AC) on cerebral regions related to morphine dependence in rats and investigate the relationship between the enzymological changes and the mechanism of morphine dependence.@*METHODS@#The technique of enzyme-histochemistry was used to detect the variations of AC of special seven cerebral regions including frontalis cortex, lenticula, corpus amygdaloideun, substantia nigra, hippocampus, periaqueductal gray and locus coerleus in morphine dependent rats. The enzymological changes were observed by optical microscope. Changes of gray degree of these cerebral regions were also observed by using the image analysis system.@*RESULTS@#Compared with those in control group, the contents of AC in morphine dependent groups were increased.@*CONCLUSION@#The contents of AC are increase in those regions. The mechanism of morphine dependence close related to the increasing of AC. The correlation of the mechanism of morphine dependence and up-regulation of AC/cAMP-PKA system is discussed.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism , Brain/pathology , Cerebral Cortex/enzymology , Disease Models, Animal , Hippocampus/enzymology , Morphine Dependence/pathology , Periaqueductal Gray/enzymology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/metabolism , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The mechanism of morphine dependent is a complex Procedure. It involves in many complex mechanisms such as the ultra-structure of synapse of special brain areas, neurotransmitter, enzymology, and so on. These mechanisms have closely correlation. In this paper we reveiwed the development in enzymological mechanism of morphine dependent enzymes including protein kinase (PK), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), adenylate cyclase (AC), Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)and 3beta-Hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD).