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2.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 23(2): 115-118, 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-499206

ABSTRACT

Las reacciones adversas medicamentosas mucocutáneas (RAMM) son una de las manifestaciones más frecuentes de reacción adversa a medicamentos. Su incidencia según datos internacionales alcanza un 2 por ciento a 3 por ciento en pacientes hospitalizados. Nosotros investigamos la incidencia de RAMM en el Servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Base de la ciudad de Los Ángeles. En el período junio-septiembre de 2006 se hospitalizaron 1.052 pacientes, diagnosticándose 3 casos de RAMM que representan un 0,3 por ciento. Se identificaron los fármacos atribuibles a las RAMM, correspondiendo a cloxacilina, toxoide tetánico y drogas antituberculosas; éstas se compararon posteriormente con un grupo control. Los casos identificados fueron un rash morbiliforme, una reacción inflamatoria local tipo celulitis y un rash urticariforme. La incidencia obtenida fue más baja de lo esperado, atribuyéndose a las características de atención del centro estudiado.


Mucocutaneous adverse reactions to drugs (MCRD) are one of the most frequent manifestations of adverse drug reaction. Its incidence, according to international data, reaches 2 to 3 percent in hospitalized patients. We studied the incidence of MCRD in the Internal Medicine Service of the Base Hospital, located in the city of Los Angeles, Chile. 1,052 patients were hospitalized during the June-September 2006 period, and three cases of MCRD were diagnosed, representing 0.3 percent. The drugs causing to MCRD were cloxacilin, tetanic toxoid and antituberculosis drugs; these were later compared to a control group. The identified cases were morbiliform rash, a cellulitis-type local inflammatory reaction, and urticariform rash. The obtained incidence was lower than expected, attributed to the characteristics of the studied center.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Drug Eruptions/epidemiology , Drug Eruptions/etiology , Pharmaceutical Preparations/adverse effects , Antitubercular Agents/adverse effects , Chile/epidemiology , Cloxacillin/adverse effects , Skin Diseases/chemically induced , Hospitalization , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Tetanus Toxoid/adverse effects
3.
Indian Pediatr ; 2002 May; 39(5): 427-36
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-8230

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a tetanus conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Act-Hib) when extemporaneously mixed and administered as a DTwP-Hib combination using an Indian DTwP vaccine (BE DTwP) in comparison with a licensed DTwP-Hib combination vaccine. METHODS: 378 healthy infants were enrolled and randomly allocated to receive either three doses, at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age, of Act-Hib in combination with BE DTwP (Group A, n = 160), TetrAct-Hib (Group B, n = 160), or BE DTwP and Act-Hib as separate injections (Group C, n = 58). Sera collected before the first dose and one month after the third dose were tested for antibodies to vaccine antigens. Safety was determined using parental diary cards. RESULTS: Anti-Hib antibody concentrations indicative of short-term protection (> 0.15 g/ml) were elicited in all but one subject in Group A (99.3%), and all subjects in Groups B and C. The concentration of 1 g/ml, considered to provide long-term protection, was achieved in 96.7%, 100% and 98.2% of the infants in Groups A, B and C, respectively. All children displayed satisfactory responses to the three DTwP component antigens, TetrAct-Hib eliciting higher titers against diphtheria and tetanus than BE DTwP. No vaccine-associated serious adverse events occurred. The BE DTwP vaccine was associated with more reports of fever than TetrAct-Hib, but most symptoms were regarded as mild and all resolved without sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: Combining Act-Hib and a local DTwP vaccine did not affect the anti-Hib response. In countries where DTwP vaccine available for use in the EPI program is manufactured by a local or other developing country manufacturer, mixing it with lyophilised Act-Hib is a reasonable option though the immunogenicity may have to be documented before routine use. However, use of TetrAct-Hib combination vaccine would be preferable in view of its lower reactogenicity and superior immunogenicity with respect to diphtheria and tetanus.


Subject(s)
Diphtheria Toxoid/adverse effects , Female , Haemophilus Infections/prevention & control , Haemophilus Vaccines/adverse effects , Haemophilus influenzae type b/immunology , Humans , Immunization Schedule , India , Infant , Male , Tetanus Toxoid/adverse effects , Vaccines, Combined/adverse effects , Vaccines, Conjugate
4.
In. Farhat, Calil Kairalla; Carvalho, Eduardo da Silva; Weckx, Lily Yin; Carvalho, Luiza Helena Falleiros R; Succi, Regina Célia de Menezes. Imunizaçöes: fundamentos e prática. Säo Paulo, Atheneu, 2000. p.149-58.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-281269
6.
EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 1999; 5 (4): 710-716
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-156663

ABSTRACT

In October 1992 after tetanus inoculations of 26 girl students in a village in the Islamic Republic of Iran, an outbreak of psychomotor syndrome occurred in 10. Although only few were affected, the temporary negative impact on public opinion about immunization was serious. Physical and laboratory investigations of the girls were normal. The 10 girls were compared with their 16 classmates. Higher socioeconomic status was protective [P = 0.04] and distance of home from school was relevant [P = 0.03]. This is the first report of a health intervention unwarrantedly being held as the cause of an outbreak. The outbreak, however, was managed successfully


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychomotor Disorders/etiology , Tetanus Toxoid/adverse effects , Rural Health , Schools , Rural Population
7.
Med. UIS ; 12(1): 24-7, ene.-feb. 1998. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-231999

ABSTRACT

El tétanos es una enfermedad grave con alta mortalidad, causada por una toxina producida por el bacilo Gram positivo anaerobio Clostridium tetani. Se produce cuando las esporas que habitan en el medio ambiente penetran en el organismo por cualquier herida, permitiendo que estas eclosionen, proceso en el que se genera la tetanospasmina, sustancia proteica responsable del cuadro clínico. Este se produce por inhibición de la sinaptobrevina II, metaloproteína enzimática que participa en el proceso de degranulación de los axones inhibitorios motores. Esta inhibición es irreversible y solo desaparece con la generación de un nuevo axón. La prevención es posible con la práctica de inmunización previa y sistemática de la población con toxoide tetánico y la aplicación de antitoxina tetánica en los casos en los que el estado inmune del paciente es incierto, o las heridas sean potencialmente tetanógenas


Subject(s)
Humans , Tetanus Toxoid/administration & dosage , Tetanus Toxoid/analysis , Tetanus Toxoid/biosynthesis , Tetanus Toxoid/adverse effects , Tetanus Toxoid/pharmacokinetics , Tetanus Toxoid/standards , Tetanus Toxoid/therapeutic use , Wounds and Injuries/complications , Wounds and Injuries/mortality , Wounds and Injuries/physiopathology , Wounds and Injuries/rehabilitation
8.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 1997 Mar; 28(1): 91-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-33703

ABSTRACT

A randomized, open, multicenter trial was conducted to determine the safety and immunogenicity of a Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid (PRP-T) conjugate vaccine combined with tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis (DTP) vaccine in 271 Thai infants born to mothers immunized against tetanus during pregnancy. Infants were immunized at approximately 2, 4 and 6 months of age with these vaccines. To determine if elevated levels of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies suppressed the anti-PRP antibody response, a second group of infants were immunized with PRP complexed with outer membrane proteins of Neisseria meningitidis (Pedvax HIB) in one limb at 2 and 4 months of age and DTP vaccine in the other limb at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. A third group of infants received only DTP vaccine at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. The occurrence of both local and systemic adverse reactions were comparable in all 3 groups. The geometric mean anti-tetanus antibody titer was > 1 IU/ml at baseline. Approximately 1 month after the administration of the third dose of vaccine, 98.5%, 99.3% and 9.7% of the children immunized with DTP+Pedvax HIB, DTP-PRP-T or DTP possessed > or = 0.15 microgram of anti-PRP antibody per ml. No child in the DTP group achieved > or = 1 microgram/ml while 74.2% and 89.3% did so after immunization with DTP+Pedvax HIB, or DTP-PRP-T, respectively (p < 0.05). Immune responses to diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis antigens were similar in all vaccine groups. These results demonstrate that elevated tetanus antibody titers do not diminish the anti-PRP antibody response following immunization with a PRP-T conjugate combined with DTP vaccine.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Bacterial Capsules , Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/adverse effects , Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine/adverse effects , Female , Haemophilus Vaccines/adverse effects , Humans , Immunization Programs , Immunization Schedule , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Polysaccharides, Bacterial/adverse effects , Pregnancy , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Tetanus Toxoid/adverse effects , Thailand , Vaccines, Combined/adverse effects , Vaccines, Conjugate/adverse effects
9.
In. Leäo, Raimundo Nonato Queiroz de; Bichara, Cléa Nazaré Carneiro; Miranda, Esther Castello Branco Mello; Carneiro, Irna Carla do Rosário de Souza; Abdon, Nagib Ponteira; Vasconcelos, Pedro Fernando da Costa; Silva, Bibiane Monteiro da; Paes, Andréa Luzia Vaz; Marsola, Lourival Rodrigues. Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias: Enfoque Amazônico. Belém, Cejup:Universidade do Estado do Pará:Instituto Evandro Chagas, 1997. p.539-51, ilus.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-248945
11.
Rev. cuba. farm ; 25(2): 106-14, jul.-dic. 1991. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-112019

ABSTRACT

Se realiza un estudio de la reactogenicidad e inmunogenicidad de vacunas combinadas contra la difteria y tétanos, importadas y de producción nacional(con diferentes dosis de toxoides), en un grupo de 40 escolares. Se comparan los efectos colaterales producidos por las preparaciones utilizadas. Sedetermina el estado inmunitario previo a la vacunación con respecto a la difteria y el tétano, así como el incremento de los títulos de antitoxina. Se utiliza el método ultra micro ELISA(UME) en el sistema ultra micro analítico (SUMA). Se comprueba la tolerancia y poder inmunogénico de las vacunas. Se recomienda continuar las investigaciones y utilizar el método UME en el SUMA, para los trabajos de terreno


Subject(s)
Child , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Diphtheria Toxoid/immunology , Tetanus Toxoid/immunology , Diphtheria Toxoid/adverse effects , Tetanus Toxoid/adverse effects
12.
Rev. cuba. farm ; 25(2): 115-21, jul.-dic. 1991. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-112020

ABSTRACT

Se realiza un estudio de la reactogenicidad e inmunogenicidad de vacunas combinadas contra la difteria y el tétanos, importada y de producción nacional(con iguales dosis de toxoides); en un grupo de escolares se comparan los efectos colaterales producidos por las preparaciones utilizadas. Se determina el estado inmunitario previo a la vacunación con respecto a la difteria y tétanos, así como el incremento de los títulos de antitoxinas. Se utiliza el método ultra micro ELISA(UME)en el sistema ultra micro analítico(SUMA). Se comprueba la tolerancia y poder inmunogénico de las vacunas. Se recomienda continuar lasinvestigaciones y utilizar el método UME el SUMA


Subject(s)
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Diphtheria Toxoid/adverse effects , Tetanus Toxoid/immunology , Diphtheria Toxoid/immunology , Tetanus Toxoid/adverse effects
13.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 47(5): 295-303, mayo 1990. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-99086

ABSTRACT

Se investigaron las reacciones sistémicas y locales posteriores a la inmunización con vacuna contra la difteria, tétanos y tosferina (DPT). Se determinaron los efectos secundarios en 730 niños entre 2 meses y 5 años con 11 meses, en las 48 horas siguientes. Se encontró a 13% de niños libres de efectos adversos. El 87% inmunizados presentó efecto colateral, siendo la incidencia: fiebre, 66.03% ; malestar, 37.81%; disminución del apetito, 25.07%; transtornos del sueño, 20.41%; vómitos, 7.94% y llanto contínuo, 7.67%. En relación a efectos locales: dolor, 41.64%; enrojecimiento, 20.08% y nódulos subcutáneos, 20.14%. Ninguno de los niños presentó convulsiones, episodios hipotónicos o daño neurológico inmediato. Se colocaron dos tipos de vacuna DPT: la del Laboratorio Connaught (canadiense) y la del Instituto de Higiene (venezolana). No hubo direrencia significativa en la aparición de efectos secundarios entre ambas, excepto para el dolor logal (P<0.0s) con la vacuna nacional. Efectos obtenidos en relación con la edad y número de dosis: hubo aumento significativo de vómitos con la menor edad (P<0.01) así como incremento del dolor local a mayor edad (p<0.01). A pesar de las diversas controversias originadas por el uso de la vacuna DPT, consideramos que los beneficios derivados de la vacuna supran ampliamente los riesgos atribuibles a ella, por esto, apoyamos la recomendación de inmunizar rutinariamene a la población susceptible.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Diphtheria/immunology , Diphtheria/prevention & control , Fever/etiology , Immunization/adverse effects , Immunization/methods , Pertussis Vaccine/adverse effects , Tetanus/immunology , Tetanus/prevention & control , Diphtheria Toxoid/adverse effects , Tetanus Toxoid/adverse effects , Vaccines/adverse effects , Whooping Cough/immunology , Whooping Cough/prevention & control
15.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 50(1): 52-4, 1990. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-86762

ABSTRACT

Se comunica el caso de un varón de 39 años de edad presentando un cuadro típico de neuropatía desmielinizante multifocal (NDM). Quince días antes del comienzo habia sido vacunado con 75 UI de toxoide tetánico. Aunque la historia reciente de vacunación o infección viral apoya la hipótesis inmunológica de las neuropatías desmielinizantes adquiridas crónicas (NDAC), se comunica por primera vez en la NDM. Nuestro hallazgos sugieren que la NDM y las NDACs compartirían un mismo mecanismo fisiopatológico


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Demyelinating Diseases/etiology , Tetanus Toxoid/adverse effects , Vaccination/adverse effects , Demyelinating Diseases/diagnosis , Electromyography , Neural Conduction
19.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 1980 Jan; 74(2): 35-7
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-101164
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