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1.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 156(1): 53-59, ene.-feb. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249870

ABSTRACT

Resumen En este ensayo se analizan las implicaciones bioéticas de la reciente manipulación genética en embriones humanos con CRISPR-Cas9 para eliminar el gen CCR5 y el nacimiento de dos gemelas discordantes. El experimento se divulgó en medios sociales. Los principales problemas bioéticos identificados son la justificación del modelo, el proceso de consentimiento informado y la falta de declaración de evidentes conflictos de interés. No se evaluaron apropiadamente las consecuencias del experimento sobre la vida de las gemelas nacidas como la afectación a su autonomía, los supuestos beneficios por recibir y los riesgos futuros de daño durante su vida. Habiendo manipulado la línea celular germinal, no se consideraron los efectos sobre su descendencia futura. Este tipo de acciones tiene un impacto negativo en la forma como la sociedad concibe la ciencia. La ingeniería genética debe reservarse al contexto experimental básico o bien como investigación cínica para la corrección de enfermedades conocidas graves de origen genético, bajo estricta supervisión regulatoria y bioética y de manera gradualista de acuerdo con el progreso de las técnicas de edición genética.


Abstract In this essay, the bioethical implications of the recent genetic manipulation in human embryos with CRISPR-Cas9 to eliminate the CCR5 gene and the birth of a pair of discordant twin girls are analyzed. The experiment was disseminated via social media. The main bioethical flaws identified include the justification of the model, the informed consent process and the lack of disclosure of evident conflicts of interest. The consequences of the experiment on the life of the twins that were born were not properly evaluated, such as the impact on their autonomy, the alleged benefits to be received and the future risks of harm during their lifetime. Having manipulated the germ cell line, the effects on their future offspring were not considered. This type of actions negatively affects the way society conceives science. Genetic engineering should be reserved to the basic experimental context or as clinical research for the correction of known serious diseases of genetic origin under strict regulatory and bioethical supervision and using a gradualist approach in accordance with the advances of gene editing techniques.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Receptors, CCR5/genetics , CRISPR-Cas Systems , Gene Editing/ethics , Publishing/ethics , Research Design , Twins, Dizygotic , Genetic Engineering/classification , Genetic Engineering/ethics , Genome, Human , HIV Infections/prevention & control , China , Conflict of Interest , Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic , Bioethical Issues , Therapeutic Human Experimentation/ethics , Informed Consent/ethics
3.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 63(5): 388-392, May 2017.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-896342

ABSTRACT

Summary Notwithstanding its approval by the National Committee for Ethics in Research (Conep) on April 19, 2016, a trial of the so-called "synthetic" phosphoethanolamine (syn-phospho) pill in cancer patients raises ethical concerns. An analysis by a laboratory contracted by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) revealed that syn-phospho contained a great amount of impurities and did not meet standards of pharmaceutical quality required for an investigational drug. Cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines and in vivo rodent xenograft tumor assays consistently failed to demonstrate a potential anticancer activity of syn-phospho. Preclinical safety studies of syn-phospho were also insufficient to support a trial of this investigational drug in cancer patients. Moreover, the ethical approval decision apparently overlooked two previous findings that suggested a possible enhancement of mammary carcinoma cell proliferation by phosphoethanolamine, and an apparent increase in lung metastases (rat implanted tumor assay) by syn-phospho. The syn-phospho risk-benefit ratio is clearly unfavorable and, thus, this trial in cancer patients does not fulfill a key requirement to make a clinical research ethical. There are also concerns regarding whether the study design is robust enough (scientific validity), and the social value of the trial of syn-phospho in cancer patients is questionable.


Resumo Não obstante a sua aprovação pela Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa (Conep) em 19 de abril de 2016, um ensaio da pílula de fosfoetanolamina "sintética" (sin-fosfo) em pacientes com câncer levanta preocupações éticas. Uma análise feita por um laboratório contratado pelo Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI) revelou que a sin-fosfo continha grande quantidade de impurezas e não satisfazia os padrões de qualidade farmacêutica exigidos para um medicamento experimental. Os ensaios de citotoxicidade com linhagens de células originárias de tumores humanos e testes in vivo em roedores com tumores xeno-enxertados falharam consistentemente em demonstrar uma potencial atividade anticâncer da sin-fosfo. Os estudos pré-clínicos de segurança da sin-fosfo também foram insuficientes para apoiar a realização de um ensaio desse medicamento experimental em pacientes com câncer. Além disso, a aprovação ética aparentemente desconsiderou dois achados anteriores, sugerindo uma possível exacerbação da proliferação de células de carcinoma de mama pela fosfoetanolamina, e um aparente aumento de metástases pulmonares (ensaio de tumores implantados em ratos) pela sin-fosfo. A relação risco-benefício é claramente desfavorável para a sin-fosfo e, portanto, esse ensaio em pacientes com câncer não atende um requisito essencial para que uma pesquisa clínica seja ética. Há também preocupações quanto ao delineamento do estudo ser suficientemente robusto (validade interna), e o valor social do ensaio da sin-fosfo em pacientes com câncer é questionável.


Subject(s)
Humans , Drugs, Investigational/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic/ethics , Ethanolamines/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Brazil , Risk Assessment , Ethics Committees, Research , Therapeutic Human Experimentation/ethics , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/ethics
4.
Korean Circulation Journal ; : 663-669, 2017.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-122499

ABSTRACT

Patients with heart failure (HF) have structural and functional changes of the gut as a result of microcirculatory disturbances. A disrupted gut epithelial barrier may lead to translocation of microbial products into systemic circulation, possibly aggravating HF by inducing inflammatory responses. Gut microbiota play an essential role in the maintenance of host homeostasis because large quantities of their gene products complement host physiological processes. Emerging evidence has suggested the potential clinical significance of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of HF. Imbalances of gut microbe-derived metabolites can contribute to cardiac dysfunction and other morbidities in patients with HF. Therapeutic research for HF through targeting microbiota is under way. Thus, the novel concept of a heart-gut axis may lead to breakthroughs in the development of innovative diagnostics and therapeutic approaches for HF.


Subject(s)
Humans , Complement System Proteins , Dysbiosis , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Heart Failure , Heart , Homeostasis , Microbiota , Physiological Phenomena , Therapeutic Human Experimentation
5.
Int. j. high dilution res ; 14(4): 54-60, 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-783315

ABSTRACT

In Germany, the commission D recommends in its current dosage guidelines from March 17, 2004, that homeopathic dilutions higher than 24x will be prescribed in a daily application of five drops once. This recommendation is decisive for the German Regulatory Authority. Even though the homochord Acidum L(+)-lacticum 4x/6x/12x/30x/200x contains dilutions above 24x, it is commonly used in clinical practice for over 30 years in a dosage of 60 drops three times daily. In order to explore the clinical safety and tolerability of Acidum L(+)-lacticum 4x/6x/12x/30x/200x at a dosage of 60 drops three times daily, as well as lower dosages, a therapist survey was designed to address the questions. Highly experienced and licensed therapists, including general and alternative practitioners, reported their usual dosage of homochord, incidences of drug reactions, initial homeopathic aggravations as well as the diagnoses that led to the prescription of Acidum L(+)-lacticum 4x/6x/12x/30x/200x. 167 therapist responses were analyzed. Only four therapists reported occurrences that classify as initial aggravation, (2.40 %), compared to 159 with no incidences (95.21 %). Four therapists made no statement. Nevertheless, there were no adverse drug reactions documented in the survey. Consequently, Acidum L(+)-lacticum 4x/6x/12x/30x/200x at a dosage of 60 drops three times daily or lower dosages may be construed to be clinically tolerable and safe. This evidence might lead to further re-evaluations of other homochords, and rigorous clinical trials for its safety and tolerability...


Subject(s)
Humans , Therapeutic Human Experimentation , Lactis Acidum/administration & dosage , Drug Prescriptions/standards , Administration, Oral , Patient Safety/legislation & jurisprudence
6.
Rev. bioét. (Impr.) ; 22(3): 500-508, set.-dez. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-732769

ABSTRACT

O tratamento padrão para neoplasia de pulmão de não pequenas células (NPNPC) localmente avançada é radioquimioterapia (RQT). Resultados insatisfatórios de sobrevida estimularam estudos iniciais com drogas-alvo. O presente trabalho analisou conflitos de interesse envolvidos em ensaios clínicos fase I/II utilizando-se terapia-alvo + RQT, em pacientes com NPNPC localmente avançada, com base em metanálise apresentada anteriormente. A sobrevida alcançada não demonstrou diferença estatística, comparada ao tratamento-padrão. No entanto, houve aumento da toxicidade. Além disso, 85,7% dos estudos registraram existência de conflitos de interesses. Avaliou-se que o financiamento, pela indústria farmacêutica, está associado a conclusões favoráveis ao tratamento testado. Conforme a DUBDH, benefícios devem ser maximizados e qualquer dano possível, minimizado. E, no entanto, pacientes com enfermidade potencialmente curável, submetendo-se a estudos frequentemente patrocinados pela indústria, apresentaram qualidade de vida diminuída. A conclusão desses estudos, possivelmente influenciada pelos conflitos de interesses dos pesquisadores, está frequentemente distanciada da realidade...


The standard treatment for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is radiochemotherapy (RCT). Unsatisfactory overall survival stimulated initial studies with targeted therapy. This study examined conflicts of interest involved in phase I/II clinical trials using targeted therapy + RQT in patients with NSCLC, based on a previously presented metanalysis. The survival achieved with targeted therapy showed no statistical difference, when compared to standard treatment. However, an increase of toxicities was observed. Besides, 85.7 % of the studies reported conflict of interests. It was found, thus, that the pharmaceutical industry funding is probably associated with favorable results. As shown in the DUBDH, benefits should be maximized and any possible harm, minimized. In this sense, patients with potentially curable disease, undergoing studies (often industry-sponsored), exhibit, though, diminished quality of life. The conclusion of these studies, considered the financial interests of investigators, is often detached from reality...


El tratamiento estándar para la neoplasia de pulmón de células no pequeñas (NPNPC) localmente avanzada es la radio quimioterapia (RQT). Resultados de supervivencia, todavía, insatisfactoria, han estimulado estudios iniciales con drogas blanco. El presente estudio ha examinado los conflictos de interés que influyen en ensayos clínicos de fase I/II utilizando la terapia blanco + RQT en pacientes con NPNPC localmente avanzada, basada en meta análisis presentada precedentemente. La supervivencia alcanzada no ha resultado en ninguna diferencia estadística si comparada con el tratamiento estándar. Sin embargo, se ha visto un aumento de la toxicidad. Y además, el 85,7% de los estudios han informado la existencia de conflictos de intereses. Se ve, entonces, que la financiación de la industria farmacéutica puede estar asociada con resultados favorables para el tratamiento probado. De acuerdo con la DUBDH, los beneficios deben ser maximizados y los posibles daños deben ser, minimizados. Y entre tanto, los pacientes con enfermedad potencialmente curable, que se someten a estudios a menudo patrocinados por la industria presentaron una disminución de la calidad de vida. La conclusión de estos estudios, posiblemente influenciada por los conflictos de intereses de los investigadores, se aleja, frecuentemente de la realidad...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Biomedical Research , Conflict of Interest , Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic , Drug Industry , Informed Consent , Lung Neoplasms/therapy , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Risk Assessment , Therapeutic Human Experimentation , Drug Therapy , Personal Autonomy , Quality of Life , Radiotherapy , Survival , Toxicity
7.
Experimental Neurobiology ; : 104-114, 2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-187149

ABSTRACT

Stroke is one of the common causes of death and disability. Despite extensive efforts in stroke research, therapeutic options for improving the functional recovery remain limited in clinical practice. Experimental stroke models using genetically modified mice could aid in unraveling the complex pathophysiology triggered by ischemic brain injury. Here, we optimized the procedure for generating mouse stroke model using an intraluminal suture in the middle cerebral artery and verified the blockage of blood flow using indocyanine green coupled with near infra-red radiation. The first week after the ischemic injury was critical for survivability. The survival rate of 11% in mice without any treatment but increased to 60% on administering prophylactic antibiotics. During this period, mice showed severe functional impairment but recovered spontaneously starting from the second week onward. Among the various behavioral tests, the pole tests and neurological severity score tests remained reliable up to 4 weeks after ischemia, whereas the rotarod and corner tests became less sensitive for assessing the severity of ischemic injury with time. Further, loss of body weight was also observed for up 4 weeks after ischemia induction. In conclusion, we have developed an improved approach which allows us to investigate the role of the cell death-related genes in the disease progression using genetically modified mice and to evaluate the modes of action of candidate drugs.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Body Weight , Brain Injuries , Brain Ischemia , Cause of Death , Disease Progression , Indocyanine Green , Ischemia , Middle Cerebral Artery , Stroke , Survival Rate , Sutures , Therapeutic Human Experimentation
8.
Rev. bioét. (Impr.) ; 20(1)jan.-abr. 2012.
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-646093

ABSTRACT

Este artigo, de natureza conceitual, objetiva estabelecer conexão entre a pesquisa médica em seres humanos, a não maleficência e a autoexperimentação homeopática. A pesquisa médica em seres humanos, geralmente realizada no outro, tem sido permeada de expressivos abusos em relação aos sujeitos participantes. É neste contexto que emerge a não maleficência, princípio ético básico limitante destas violaçães. A não maleficência é o pressuposto que deve nortear as decisães no campo da pesquisa médica, representando sua inocuidade ou moderação. No que tange ao sujeito que experimenta, a investigação no ser humano pode ser conduzida, também, como autoexperimentação, ou seja, como experimentação realizada em si mesmo. A autoexperimentação, de grande valor em diferentes áreas da medicina, é denominada, na homeopatia, de autoexperimentação homeopática. A autoexperimentação homeopática é dotada de importantes características não maleficentes, o que a torna prática ética segura, viável, reproduzível e consistente da pesquisa médica terapêutica em seres humanos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Guinea Pigs , Autoexperimentation/ethics , Biomedical Research , Drugs, Investigational , Ethics, Medical , Homeopathy/ethics , Risk Assessment , Therapeutic Human Experimentation , Basic Homeopathic Research
9.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 57(3): 267-271, May-June 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-591352

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar os padrões éticos contidos nas instruções aos autores das revistas científicas brasileiras de diversas especialidades médicas e verificar se existe alguma padronização. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório em que se avaliaram as revistas científicas brasileiras, catalogadas no "Portal de Revistas em Ciências da Saúde" da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde de todas as especialidades médicas, com relação às orientações aos autores no envio dos manuscritos, quanto aos padrões éticos em pesquisa de seres humanos. Os dados foram coletados e categorizados quanto à presença das variáveis: aprovação do Comitê de Ética; Declaração de Helsinque e/ou Resolução 196/96, consentimento informado; padrões éticos; requisitos uniformes; sigilo dos pacientes e sem referências éticas. Verificou-se, também, se existia associação entre elas. RESULTADOS: De um total de 8.701 periódicos, 95 foram incluídos no presente estudo. As variáveis foram pesquisadas, verificando a frequência de cada uma delas. Foram referenciados 80 por cento de aprovação do Comitê de Ética; 43,15 por cento da Declaração de Helsinque; 43,15 por cento do consentimento informado; 9,47 por cento dos padrões éticos; 32,63 por cento dos requisitos uniformes e 15,78 por cento do sigilo dos pacientes. Em toda a amostragem, 9,47 por cento das revistas não mencionam qualquer referência ética como orientação aos autores no envio de manuscritos. A associação entre as variáveis ocorreu em 61 por cento da amostra. CONCLUSÃO: Os aspectos éticos no envio de manuscritos foram citados em mais de 90 por cento das instruções aos autores das revistas científicas nacionais, e não existe qualquer tipo de padronização.


OBJECTIVE: To review ethical standards contained in guidelines to authors of Brazilian scientific journals in several medical specialties and see if there is any standardization available. METHODS: This is an exploratory study evaluating Brazilian scientific journals classified on the Portal of Journals on Health Sciences of the Virtual Health Library in all medical specialties regarding guidelines to authors submitting manuscripts and concerning ethical standards for research in humans. Data was collected and categorized for the presence of the following variables: Ethics Committee approval; Helsinki Declaration and/or Resolution 196/96, informed consent; ethical standards; uniform requirements; patients' confidentiality and no ethical references. The association among the variables was also examined. RESULTS: Out of a total of 8,701 journals, 95 were included in the current study. The variables were investigated, with each one's frequency being verified. Eighty per cent were referred for an Ethics Committee approval; 43.15 percent of Helsinki Declaration; 43.15 percent of informed consent; 9.47 percent of ethical standards; 32.63 percent of uniform requirements and 15.78 percent of patients' confidentiality were referenced. In the whole sampling, 9.47 percent of journals do not mention any ethical reference as a guide to authors submitting manuscripts. An association among variables occurred in 61 percent of the sample. CONCLUSION: Ethical aspects of submitting manuscripts were mentioned in over 90 percent of the guides to authors of national scientific journals and no standardization at all is available.


Subject(s)
Humans , Ethics, Medical , Medicine , Periodicals as Topic , Therapeutic Human Experimentation , Brazil , Confidentiality , Ethics Committees, Research , Ethics, Research , Informed Consent
10.
Rev. psicanal ; 18(2): 237-253, ago. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-685701

ABSTRACT

Imagine um ambiente com luzes intensas, barulhos desordenados, cheiros fortes e pessoas desconhecidas. É neste cenário que alguns bebês passam seus primeiros dias ou meses de vida. Através das experiências de Intervenção Pais-Bebê em uma UTI Neonatal, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar o percurso de um grupo de terapeutas que partiram da apropriação e compreensão do ambiente para a descoberta da função e identidade terapêutica. Assim, o grupo pôde criar uma forma de atendimento e fazer algumas sugestões técnicas inovadoras para este contexto


Imagine an environment with bright lights, disordered noises, strong odor and unknown people. It is this scenario that some babies spend their first days or months of life. Through the experiences of parent-infant intervention in an NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit), this paper aims to show the journey of a group of therapists who started from the appropriation and understanding of the environment to discover identity end therapeutic function. Thus, the group could create a form of treatment and make some technique innovative suggestions for this context


Imagínese un ambiente con luces intensas, ruidos desordenados, olores fuertes, personas desconocidas. Algunos bebés pasan sus primeros días o meses de vida en este escenario. A través de las experiencias de Intervención Padres-Bebé en un CTI Neonatal, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar el recorrido de un grupo de terapeutas que partieron de la apropiación y comprensión del ambiente para el descubrimiento de la función e identidad terapéutica, con algunas sugerencias técnicas innovadoras para este contexto


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Therapeutic Human Experimentation , Infant, Premature/psychology , Parent-Child Relations , Psychoanalytic Therapy
11.
Psicol. USP ; 21(2): 457-478, abr.-jun. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-569319

ABSTRACT

Este artigo pretende fazer uma reflexão crítica sobre as atividades artísticas realizadas nos serviços de saúde mental e nos diversos espaços sociais. Inicialmente, contextualiza-se como a loucura tem sido percebida socialmente, como o trabalho tem sido visto na forma de tratamento moral e como a assistência psiquiátrica modificou-se no decorrer da história. A seguir, problematizam-se as formas ainda exclusoras de realizar oficinas terapêuticas apenas em serviços de saúde mental e unicamente com a participação de pessoas que possuem transtornos mentais. Questiona-se também a clínica tradicional e cronificante. Discute-se, ainda, a segregação daqueles que desviam da serialização de subjetividades impostas pela sociedade de controle. As atividades expressivas propõem a inclusão de múltiplas singularidades. Além disso, busca-se um acolhimento às diversas formas de linguagem, não apenas aquelas restritas ao verbal, e a circulação de afetos e de produções artísticas em diversos territórios comunitários


This article intends to make a critical reflection on the artistic activities accomplished in mental health services, and in many social spaces. Initially, it's contextualized how mental illness has been perceived in society, how the work seemed to be a moral treatment, and how the psychiatric assistance has been modified through history. Following, we consider the still excludent forms of accomplishing therapeutical workshops only in services of mental health, and with the exclusive participation of people with mental disturbances. The traditional and chronifying clinical practice is also questioned. Another discussion is about the segregation of people who deviate from the serialization of subjectivities imposed by a society of control. Expressive activities consider the inclusion of multiple singularities. Moreover, there is a search for a way of sheltering the multiple forms of language, not only those restricted to the verbal one, and the circulation of affection and artistic productions in different communitarian territories


Cet article vise à faire une réflexion critique sur les activités artistiques réalisées dans les services de santé mentale et dans divers espaces sociaux. Initialement, on contextualize comme la folie a été perçue socialement, comme le travail a été vu sous la forme de traitement moral et comme l'assistance psychiatrique s'est modifiée pendant l'histoire. À suivre, on pose quéstion sur les formes d'ateliers thérapeutiques qui encore excluent les personnes, dans la mesure où ils sont realisés seulement dans services de santé mentale et seulement avec la participation de personnes qui souffrent de bouleversements mentaux. On discute aussi la clinique traditionnelle et chronifiée et la ségrégation des personnes qui dévient de la serialization de la subjectivité imposée par la société de contrôle. Les activités expressives proposent l'inclusion de multiples singularités. En outre, on cherche accueillir les diverses formes de langage - non seulement celles-là restreintes au verbal - et permettre la circulation d'affections et de productions artistiques dans divers territoires communautaires


Este articulo pretende hacer una reflexión sobre las actividades artísticas realizadas en los servicios de salud mental y en los diversos espacios sociales. Inicialmente, se contextualiza como la locura ha sido percibida socialmente, como el trabajo en la forma de tratamiento moral y como la asistencia psiquiátrica se ha modificado en el recorrer de la historia. A seguir se problematizan las formas todavía exclusoras de realizar oficinas terapéuticas solo en servicios de salud mental y solamente con la participación de personas que tienen trastornos mentales. Se cuestiona, aún, la clínica tradicional y cronificante. Se discute, todavía, la segregación de los que desvían de la socialización de subjetividades impuestas por la sociedad de control. Las actividades expresivas proponen la inclusión de múltiples singularidades. Fuera de eso, se busca un acogimiento a las diversas formas de lenguaje, no solo aquellas restrictas al verbal, pero también a la circulación de afectos y producciones artísticas en diversos territorios comunitarios


Subject(s)
Humans , Therapeutic Human Experimentation , Individuation , Mental Health Services , Art Therapy , Psychiatric Department, Hospital/history
12.
Estud. psicol. (Campinas) ; 27(2): 247-257, abr.-jun. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-567363

ABSTRACT

O artigo traz uma breve revisão das principais abordagens hermenêuticas envolvidas na interpretação de textos e discursos a fim de delimitar a incidência dessa problemática no campo da pesquisa teórica em psicanálise. Define as diferentes formas de pesquisa em psicanálise e indica como as mudanças na compreensão da hermenêutica incidem também sobre a compreensão do estatuto epistemológico do saber psicanalítico. Apresenta e discute as propostas de metodologia de investigação teórica de Laplanche e Figueiredo. Ao concluir, indica a aproximação do método psicanalítico aplicado a textos e discursos com as perspectivas contemporâneas da hermenêutica e propõe uma abordagem própria para pesquisas de cunho histórico-conceitual e epistemológico em psicanálise.


This article aims to briefly review the major hermeneutic approaches involved with the interpretation of texts and speeches in order to establish the boundaries of the incidence of this subject on the field of psychoanalytical, theoretical research. It defines the different forms of psychoanalysis research and shows how developments in hermeneutics change the comprehension of the epistemological status of the psychoanalytical field of knowledge. It presents and discusses the methodological designs on theoretical research proposed by Laplanche and Figueiredo. Its conclusion demonstrates the approximation of the psychoanalytical method applied to texts and speeches with contemporary perspectives in hermeneutics. It also proposes a specific approach for historical-conceptual and epistemological research in the field of psychoanalysis.


Subject(s)
Psychoanalysis , Therapeutic Human Experimentation
13.
Rev. ter. ocup ; 21(1): 68-73, jan.-abr. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-657243

ABSTRACT

A história oral de vida é uma dos métodos que compõem o campo da pesquisa qualitativa, a qual se preocupa com significados e sentidos das ações e relações entre pessoas ou grupos. Este artigo trata de descrever e analisar os aportes que este método, sistematizado no Brasil principalmente pelo historiador José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy e seus colaboradores, pode fornecer às pesquisas em Terapia Ocupacional e aos campos afins. Para tanto, realiza-se uma discussão sobre memória para, então, descrever o referido método e, finalmente, discutir a história oral de vida no âmbito da pesquisa em Terapia Ocupacional.


Oral history of life is one of the methods that constitute the qualitative research field, witch is concerned with the meanings and the senses of actions and relationships between people or groups. This article describes and analyses the contributions that this method - systematized in Brazil manly by the historian Jose Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy and colleagues - can provide to the research in occupational therapy and related fields. Thus, this study presents a discussion about memory, a description of that method, to finally discuss links between the research in Occupational Therapy and the oral history of life.


Subject(s)
Therapeutic Human Experimentation/history , Memory , Narration , Qualitative Research
14.
Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Virology ; (6): 227-229, 2010.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-316915

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Explore the optimal treatment of infertility patients infected with different types of human papillomavirus (HPV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to cervical pathology, cervical status and the procreate desire of the infertility patients, the 144 clinic cases of high-risk human papillomavirus infected infertile patients were divided into two gruoups: group with treatment and without treatment. Real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR (RT-PCR) has been employed, follow-up time is 6 months, to detect the HPV-DNA in the crevical exfoliated cells, to observe the negative conversion rate and pregnancy rate, and compare analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) In high-risk HPV infectors, the negative conversion rate of treatment group (56.67%) is higher than those in non-treatment group (50.00%); (2) The pregnancy rate of secondary high-risk HPV non-treatment group (50.00%) is higher than the treatment group. The pregnancy rate of primary high-risk HPV treatment group (31.67%) is higher than the non-treatment group (4.00%). (3) Negative conversion rate increases accordingly, on primary high-risk HPV infected groups with Leep, with single drug and with Leep combined with drug therapy. (4) The negative conversion rate and the pregnancy rate of primary high-risk HPV infected groups with surgical therapy is higher than the groups with drug therapy. Surgical + Drugs is better in the two surgical therapies.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Infertile patients should be routinely screened for cervical HPV. The primary high-risk cervical HPV infection is the etiology of infertility. Preferably, patients with primary high-risk HPV infection in cervical lesions is treated with Leep combined drugs.</p>


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , DNA, Viral , Drug Therapy , Infertility , Virology , Papillomaviridae , Genetics , Papillomavirus Infections , Drug Therapy , Epidemiology , Therapeutics , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Pregnancy Rate , Risk Factors , Therapeutic Human Experimentation
15.
Afr. j. urol. (Online) ; 16(1): 17-19, 2010.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1258081

ABSTRACT

To study the etiology; presentation and outcome of women presenting to the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital with an ureterovaginal fistula. Patients and Methods Women presenting with ureterovaginal fistulae following obstetric or gynecological intervention. The operating register from June 2004 to July 2009 was studied to identify women who had undergone ureteric re-implantation. Patient files were reviewed and only women with fistulae resulting from iatrogenic injury were included. Results Ureterovaginal fistulae were found in 89 women; 64 after Caesarean section; of which 43 were for a stillborn baby; 12 women have uterine rupture; 6 with instrumental delivery and only 7 with abdominal hysterectomy. The left ureter was most frequently injured (54). The number of patients seen has doubled over the past two years. Using one of four methods of repair; 88 women were continent at discharge from hospital. One died from a suspected pulmonary embolism. conclusion The incidence of iatrogenic ureteric injury is increasing in Ethiopia and most result from Caesarean section. The reasons should be studied. Using a variety of repair techniques; all patients can be cured. However; surgeons undertaking this surgery should have a wide range of urological training


Subject(s)
Gynecology , Obstetric Surgical Procedures , Therapeutic Human Experimentation , Vesicovaginal Fistula
16.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 45(4): 687-692, Oct.-Dec. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-543664

ABSTRACT

Secnidazole is an antimicrobial agent used primarily in the treatment of amoebiasis. For this bioequivalence study of secnidazole, twenty-eight healthy female volunteers were enrolled in a randomized crossover study. Each volunteer was given a single oral dose of secnidazole test preparation and then the reference preparation, or vice versa, with a wash out interval of two weeks. The plasma concentrations of secnidazole were determined by HPLC, and the samples were extracted with tert-butyl-methyl-ether: dicloromethane (60:40, v/v). Secnidazole and its parent compound metronidazole were separated on a C18 column with water:acetonitrile (85:15, v/v) as the mobile phase, and monitored at 310 nm. The ratio of mean Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ values for the test and reference products were within the predetermined range established by ANVISA, demonstrating that the two formulations are bioequivalent in rate and extent of absorption.


Secnidazol é um agente antimicrobiano utilizado principalmente no tratamento da amebíase. Para este estudo de bioequivalência de secnidazol em voluntários saudáveis, foram incluídos vinte e oito voluntárias mulheres no estudo randomizado cruzado. Cada voluntária recebeu uma única dose oral de secnidazol do produto teste e referência para comparação, com um intervalo de wash-out de duas semanas. As concentrações plasmáticas de secnidazol foram determinados por CLAE, as amostras foram extraídas com terc-butil-metil-éter: dicloromethano (60:40, v/v). O secnidazol e seu padrão interno metronidazol foram separados em uma coluna (C18 ) com fase móvel água ultra-pura:acetonitrila (85:15, v/v) e monitorado em 310 nm. As razões entre as médias geométricas de Cmáx, ASC0-t e ASC0-∞, encontraram-se dentro do estabelecido pela ANVISA, demonstrando que as formulações são bioequivalentes quanto à taxa e extensão de absorção.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Anti-Infective Agents , Biological Availability , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods , Therapeutic Human Experimentation , Amebiasis/immunology , Amebiasis/drug therapy , Amebiasis/therapy
17.
Imaginário ; 13/14(17/18): 171-200, jul.-dez. 2008-jan.-jun. 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-645889

ABSTRACT

A oficina com recursos expressivos e apresentada neste artigo como um método de formação contínua para profissionais da educação. Através da vivência estética foram problematizadas questões organizacionais, técnico-profissionais e pessoais pertinentes à organizaçãodo trabalho educativo, relacionando-as à estruturação de práticas pedagógicas inseridas no contexto específico de cada escola. Para a análise desta temática, foi realizada pesquisa participante em grupo com diferentes segmentos de trabalhadores de uma escola pública municipal de São Paulo. A ontologia de Martin Heidegger ofereceu suporte teórico e metodológico para a estruturação das oficinas e análise das produções estéticas. As considerações de Hannah Arendt sobre a crise da educação na América nortearam a compreensão a respeito da diluição da tradição e seus reflexos sobre a desvalorização da profissão docente. A leitura de Bachelard e Baudrillard, dentre outros, abriu possibilidades de superação dessa problemática, através do desvelamento da dimensão poética do espaço de trabalho. Para os participantes, as oficinas com recursos expressivos constituiram-se em um trabalho de alicerce, a partir da reflexão e construção de novos sentidos para o fazer educativo, evidenciando-se o caráter político e pedagógico da vivência estética


The workshop with expressive recourses is herein presented as a method of continous formation of professionals in the field of education. Through the aesthetic grasp of livind experience, organizational, techcnical-professional and personal matters were questioned, pertaining to the organization of the educational chores, relating them to the structuralization of pedagogical practices inserted in the specific context of each school. For analyzing such theme, participant research was carried out in group of workes of different segments of the public-school net of the state of São Paulo. Marting Heidegger's ontology offered the theoretical and methodological supports of the aesthetical production. Hannah Arendt's considerations on the educational crisis in the Americas set north to understanding the dilution of the tradition and its consequences on the devaluation of the teaching professionals. The reading of Bachelard and Baudrillard, among others, opened the possibilities for overcoming this problem through the revelation of the poetic dimension of the working space. For the participants, the workshops with expressive recourses were a foundation-laying activity from the reflection and construction of new feelings towards the educational deeds, evidencing the political and pedagogical character of the aesthetic grasp of living experience.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Community-Based Participatory Research/methods , Community-Based Participatory Research/trends , Therapeutic Human Experimentation , Sensory Art Therapies/education , Sensory Art Therapies/methods , Sensory Art Therapies/psychology , Sensory Art Therapies , Faculty , Existentialism/psychology , Staff Development
18.
Acta colomb. psicol ; 12(1): 125-133, ene. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-635215

ABSTRACT

Este artículo presenta una reflexión teórica a propósito de la herramienta científica de la experimentación en niños pequeños, que hasta el momento ha sido abordada desde diversas perspectivas teóricas. En este caso se propone asumir la Autorregulación Metacognitiva como eje integrador de las distintas concepciones de la experimentación. En este sentido se hace uso de la física como un dominio privilegiado para la comprensión de la experimentación en niños pequeños.


This paper presents a theoretical approach about experimentation in young children as a scientific tool, a concept researched up to date from different theoretical perspectives In this study, metacognitive self-regulation is propounded as an integrative concept to understand experimentation .Physics,as a privileged domain is used to describe experimentation in young children.


Neste artigo apresenta-se uma reflexão teórica sobre a ferramenta científica da experimentação com meninos pequenos. Neste caso, propõe-se assumir a auto-regulação meta-cognitiva como eixo integrador de diversas conceições da experimentação, e emprega-se a física como um domínio privilegiado para a compreensão da experimentação em meninos pequenos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Ownership , Child , Therapeutic Human Experimentation , Metacognition
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