Role of tumor markers in the follow-up of pharyngeal cancer

To evaluate the squamous cell carcinoma antigen [SCCA] and tissue polypeptide antigen [FPA] in pharyngeal carcinoma, the serum concentration in 15 patients [clinically, radiologically, endoscopically and histopathologically diagnosed] with 5 apparently healthy controls were studied. The results of pretreatment pharyngeal carcinoma patients were compared to both controls and 1, 6 and 12 months post-treatment. Also, pretreatment results were correlated to the primary tumor, lymph node, clinical stages and histologic grades. SCCA was sensitive in 50% of patients, while TPA was sensitive in 63.3%. Combined determination of the 2 markers increased the sensitivity to 76.6%. Thus, the 2 markers have good monitoring value in the follow up of patients with pharyngeal carcinoma, as well as can extend and expand the diagnostic possibilities for therapy monitoring and early detection of recurrence

Study of some tumor markers and their use in breast cancer relapse

Tissue polypeptide antigen [TPA], cancer antigen 15-3 [CA15.3] and carcinoembryonic antigen[CEA] were evaluated by ELISA in 61 patients of breast cancer to evaluate their role in breast cancer relapse, as well as 16 apparently healthy age matched females as control group. The patients were divided into: Post operative group [26 patients] and relapse group [35 patients], eight patients with local recurrent breast cancer and 27 patients with distant metastasis at different sites. Statistically significant elevation was found for the three tested markers in the relapse group compared to the control and post operative group [P < 0.001], also a statistically significant elevation was found in CEA, CA15.3 and TPA in metastatic group compared to local recurrence group [P = 0.01, 0.03 and 0.01 respectively]. TPA level was statistically higher in grade III than in grade II [P = 0.0009]. In relapse group, right sided tumor showed statistically significant elevation of CEA, TPA than the left sided tumor [P = 0.005 and 0.03 respectively]. According to TNM staging CEA showed statistically significant correlation between Ml and Mo [P = 0.01]. In relapse group CA15.3 showed a statistically significant difference between tumor sized > 2 cm and tumor < 2cm [P = 0.04]. In the relapse group there was a statistically significant correlation between multiple lesions and solitary lesions [P = 0.02]. Among the same group there was a significant positive correlation between the percentage of L.N positivity and each of CEA, CA15.3 and TPA. [r - 0.04, 0.42 and 0.51] [P - 0.03, 0.02 and 0.003 respectively]. Another positive correlation was found between tumor size and L.N positivity [r = 0.44] [p = 0.01]. In both post - operative and relapse group there were positive correlations between CA15.3 and CEA [r - 0.45 and 0.56] [P = 0.02 and 0.001 respectively] Positive correlations were found similarly between TPA and CEA [r - 0.50] [P - 0.003] and CA15.3 and TPA [r - 0.57] [P<0.001] in relapse group. Evaluation of tumor markers, separately showed acceptable accuracy profiles regarding the relapse and distant metastatic patients, with CEA being the most sensitive marker, followed by CA15.3 and lastly TPA. In relapse group the most useful combinations for diagnosis could be [CEA and CA15.3] double combination and [CEA, CA15.3 and TPA] triple combination. In distant metastasis group, the combination of choice could be [CEA and TPA] or [CEA and CA15.3] double combinations and CEA, CA15.3 and TPA] triple combination. The use of the 3 markers merit is to be tried in greater number of breast cancer patients

Prognostic significance of some tumor markers in head and neck carcinomas

Carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA], ferritin, tissue polypeptide antigen [TPA] and alkaline phosphatase [ALP] isoenzymes were evaluated in 41 patients with head and neck cancer before and [2-6] months after receiving treatment. The study included as well 13 apparently healthy age matched individuals as control group. Statistically significant elevation was found for CEA, ferritin, TPA and ALP in the patients before treatment compared to the control [P = 0.001, 0.0001, 0.04, 0.001 respectively], another statistically significant elevation was found for all the studied markers in patients before treatment compared to their levels after treatment [P < 0.001 for CEA, ferritin, TPA and ALP and 0.001 for PALP]. Ferritin was the only marker that showed statistically significant elevation in grade III compared to grade I and II [p - 0.001]. A significant elevation could be detected in the level of TPA and PALP in patients with positive regional L.N mecastasis compared with those without regional L.N metastasis [P = 0.03 and 0.04 respectively]. A statistically significant positive correlation was detected between ferritin level and tumor grade [r = 0.5, P 4 X 001]. Also a statistically significant negative correlations were found between TPA and regional L.N metastasis [r = -0.3, P = 0.04] and between ALP and CEA mean values in treated patients [r = -0.4, p = 0.009] Evaluation of tumor markers, separately revealed that CEA and then ferritin showed higher sensitivity [97.6 percent and 94.6 percent respectively], followed by ALP and TPA [75.6 percent and 5 8.3 percent respectively]. The specificity of CEA was higher than the other studied markers [100 percent]. As regards double combination, it was found that [CEA and ferritin] combination showed the highest sensitivity and specificity followed by [CEA and ALP] and [ferritin and ALP] [sensitivity, [either abnormal] 89 percent, 90 percent and 81 percent for the three previous combination respectively, [both abnormal] 46 percent, 23 percent, and 32 percent respectively] [specificity, "either abnormal" and "both abnormal was 100 percent and 92 percent for [CEA and Ferritin] and [CEA and ALP] respectively, and 100 percent and 85 percent for [ferritin and ALP]. All the triple combinations showed much lower sensitivity and specificity. Sixty one of untreated patients gave PALP bands. After treatment a reduction in PALP percentage was seen in 82 percent of patients. This reduction in PALP activity correlated to tumor stage, being one of the prognostic factors. A strategy requiring 2 or more markers to be abnormal while having both sensitivity and specificity high in monitoring head and neck cancer patients or detecting recurrence could be attained by trying more tumor markers to make firm conclusion

Clinical Value of CEA, CA15-3 and TPS in Breast Cancer

PURPOSE: The main goals of the clinical use of tumor markers are to evaluate the adequacy of the treatment, monitor recurrence and follow up on the response to the treatment applied. The purpose of our study was to compare carcinoembryogenic antigen (CEA), the mucin associated tumor antigen CA15-3, and the tissue polypeptide antigen (TPS) in primary breast cancer and gauge the correlation of the prognostic factors. METHODS: In 321 patients with breast cancer, the level of the serum tumor markers, CEA, CA15-3, and TPS, were determined preoperatively and during follow-up. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of tumor markers in patients with breast cancer were: CEA 44.6%, 94%; CA15-3 51.8%, 99%; and TPS 66.07%, 94%. CA15-3 and TPS increased with tumor size, the number of involved lymph nodes and progression of grade. CEA, CA15-3 and TPS were not related to estrogen or progesterone receptor status. Tumor markers in cases of organ or multiple metastasis were higher than in cases of local recurrence. Increasing levels of tumor markers were independent of the site of metastasis, where elevated levels of CA15-3 were primarily related to visceral metastasis. CONCLUSION: The preoperative serum concentration of CA 15-3 and TPS appears to have a significant relation to the outcome in patients with early-stage breast cancer and may have a potential role in the rational selection of high risk patients for whom additional treatment and careful follow-up studies should be undertaken. Postoperative serial measurements of plasma CEA, CA15-3 and TPS are a cost-effective method to detect recurrent breast cancer and the association of these tumor markers may provide tumorprofiles with a predictive value superior to a single parameter.

Assay of Tissue Polypeptide Antigen in Gynecological Tumor / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: The measurement of tumor-associated antigen as tumor makers in the serum is useful for early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and the determination of remission after therapy in cases of malignancy. A tumor-associated antigen is not always present in all the cells forming the tumor and also be detected in other tumors or normal organs. Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) is a single polypeptide chain without carbohydrate. TPA has immunosuppresive properties in patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the cytokeratin tumor marker TPA in early diagnosis of patients with the gynecologic cancer. METHODS: In this study, the levels of TPA were measured in the serum of 61 patients with benign gynecologic tumors, 24 patients with malignant gynecologic neoplasms, and 38 healthy nonpregnant females. Serum TPA level was measured by a "sandwitch technique based" radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: As a result, serum TPA level was 30.4+/-7.6 U/L in control group, 32.6+/-9.4 U/L in benign gynecologic tumor group, 39.1+/-9.8 U/L in malignant gynecologic neoplasm. Serum TPA level was 56.6+/-7.0 U/L in ovarian cancer group. CONCLUSION: Serum levels of TPA was increased in the ovarian cancer group, but it does not seem to be a useful tumor maker for non-ovarian cancer. It would seem that measurement of TPA is useful for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

Clinical Value of CEA, CA15-3 and TPS in Breast Cancer / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: The main goals of the clinical use of tumor markers are to evaluate the adequacy of the treatment, monitor recurrence and follow up on the response to the treatment applied. The purpose of our study was to compare carcinoembryogenic antigen (CEA), the mucin associated tumor antigen CA15-3, and the tissue polypeptide antigen (TPS) in primary breast cancer and gauge the correlation of the prognostic factors. METHODS: In 321 patients with breast cancer, the level of the serum tumor markers, CEA, CA15-3, and TPS, were determined preoperatively and during follow-up. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of tumor markers in patients with breast cancer were: CEA 44.6%, 94%; CA15-3 51.8%, 99%; and TPS 66.07%, 94%. CA15-3 and TPS increased with tumor size, the number of involved lymph nodes and progression of grade. CEA, CA15-3 and TPS were not related to estrogen or progesterone receptor status. Tumor markers in cases of organ or multiple metastasis were higher than in cases of local recurrence. Increasing levels of tumor markers were independent of the site of metastasis, where elevated levels of CA15-3 were primarily related to visceral metastasis. CONCLUSION: The preoperative serum concentration of CA 15-3 and TPS appears to have a significant relation to the outcome in patients with early-stage breast cancer and may have a potential role in the rational selection of high risk patients for whom additional treatment and careful follow-up studies should be undertaken. Postoperative serial mea-surements of plasma CEA, CA15-3 and TPS are a cost- effective method to detect recurrent breast cancer and the association of these tumor markers may provide tumor profiles with a predictive value superior to a single parameter.

Clinical Value of CEA, CA15-3 and TPS in Breast Cancer / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: The main goals of the clinical use of tumor markers are to evaluate the adequacy of the treatment, monitor recurrence and follow up on the response to the treatment applied. The purpose of our study was to compare carcinoembryogenic antigen (CEA), the mucin associated tumor antigen CA15-3, and the tissue polypeptide antigen (TPS) in primary breast cancer and gauge the correlation of the prognostic factors. METHODS: In 321 patients with breast cancer, the level of the serum tumor markers, CEA, CA15-3, and TPS, were determined preoperatively and during follow-up. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of tumor markers in patients with breast cancer were: CEA 44.6%, 94%; CA15-3 51.8%, 99%; and TPS 66.07%, 94%. CA15-3 and TPS increased with tumor size, the number of involved lymph nodes and progression of grade. CEA, CA15-3 and TPS were not related to estrogen or progesterone receptor status. Tumor markers in cases of organ or multiple metastasis were higher than in cases of local recurrence. Increasing levels of tumor markers were independent of the site of metastasis, where elevated levels of CA15-3 were primarily related to visceral metastasis. CONCLUSION: The preoperative serum concentration of CA 15-3 and TPS appears to have a significant relation to the outcome in patients with early-stage breast cancer and may have a potential role in the rational selection of high risk patients for whom additional treatment and careful follow-up studies should be undertaken. Postoperative serial mea-surements of plasma CEA, CA15-3 and TPS are a cost- effective method to detect recurrent breast cancer and the association of these tumor markers may provide tumor profiles with a predictive value superior to a single parameter.

Squamous cell carcinoma and tissue polypeptide antigens as tumor markers in pharyngeal carcinoma

To evaluate the squamous cell carcinoma antigen [SCCA] and tissue polypeptide antigen [TPA] in pharyngeal carcinoma, the serum concentration in 30 patients and ten apparently healthy controls were studied. The results of pre-treatment pharyngeal carcinoma patients were compared with both controls and 1, 6 and 12 months post- treatment. Also, pre- treatment results were correlated to the primary tumor, lymph node, clinical stages and histologic grades. SCCA was sensitive in 50% of the patients, while TPA was sensitive in 63.3%. The combined determination of the two markers increased the sensitivity to 76.6%. Thus, the two markers had a good monitoring value in the follow up of patients with pharyngeal carcinoma and they can extend and expand the diagnostic possibilities for therapy monitoring and early detection of recurrence

Marcadores tumorais no câncer de mama / Tumors markers in breast cancer

Os marcadores tumorais representariam a possibilidade de se obter uma avaliaçäo da progressäo da doença e de seu tratamento de maneira simples, objetiva e específica. O marcador tumoral sérico ideal deveria apresentar alta especificidade e sensibilidade, o que ainda näo é disponível para o câncer de mama. Quatro tipos principais de marcadores séricos säo disponíveis: antígeneos de mucina (CA 15-3, CA 549, MUCI, entre outros), citoqueratinas (TPA, TPS), antígeno carcinoembriônico (CEA) e produtos séricos de oncogene (c-erbB2). A aplicabilidade clínica é limitada pela identificaçäo dos marcadores tumorais em pacientes com câncer em outros sítios primários, em doenças benignas e em pessoas sadias, sendo possível sua utilizaçäo no seguimento das pacientes tratadas e livres da doença, e no monitoramento do tratamento. Os antígenos de mucina säo os mais sensíveis para o carcinoma da mama, especialmente o CA 15-3. A combinaçäo do CEA com um marcador de mucina parece ser a maneira que apresenta maior sensibilidade no seguimento clínico no câncer de mama

Evaluation of cytokeratin fragment 19 [cyfra 21-1] as a tumour marker in lung cancer diagnosis

In this study, CYFRA 21-1 was measured in 60 patients with lung cancer and 30 patients presenting with nonmalignant diseases and compared it with tissue polypeptide antigen [TPA] and carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA]. Sensitivities of CYFRA 21-1, TPA and CEA in bronchogenic carcinoma were 73.3%, 66.6% and 53.3'70, respectively. The sensitivity of CYFRA 21-1 was significantly higher in the detection of NSCLC than that of TPA and CEA, while the sensitivities of TPA and CEA were higher than that of CYFRA 21-1 in the detection of SCLC. Sensitivity of CYFRA 21-1 and TPA was significantly higher than that of CEA in the detection of small tumors

Role of doppler ultrasound in diagnosis of ovarian cancer

To determine whether resistance index values obtained by color Doppler Ultrasound, Transvaginal ultrasound and the Tumor marker Tissue Polypeptide Antigen [TPA] contribute to the accuracy in diagnosis of ovarian malignancies in post - menopausal women with adnexial mass. Twenty post menopausal women with palpable adnexal mass admitted to Zagazig University Hospital were chosen where the following were done: 1. Transvaginal ultrasound. 2. Color Doppler ultrasound. 3. A blood Sample for tissue polypeptide antigen [TPA]. 4. Histopathology of the excised mass. Twenty postmenopausal women forming the study group the number of ovarian masses was 8 benign and 13 malignant with a percentage of 38.1% and 61.9% respectively [one case has bilateral mass]. Pathological confirmation was available for the 21 masses. Ascitis was present in 3 cases of malignant tumors, two patients had no detectable blood flow. Using morphologic criteria alone the sensitivity in detecting malignancy was 90% and specificity was 50% while using pulsed Doppler alone with a resistance index limit of 0.6 the sensitivity and specificity would be the same as transvaginal ultrasound. Adding TPA with both pulsed color Doppler and transvaginal ultrasound did not increase the diagnostic accuracy but help in follow up

Estudo da expressão dos antígenos de superfície celular, CD25 e CD69 em linfócitos ativados por PHA e TPA e tratados com tapsigargina, trifluoperazina e ouabaína / Study of the expression of cell surface antigens, CD25 and CD69 on activated lymphocytes by PHA and TPA and treated with Thapsigargin, Trifluoperazine and ouabain

Neste trabalho estudados a ação de TG, TFP e OUA (substâncias conhecidas por alterar o fluxo iônico da célula) sobre a expressão de dois antígenos de membrana, o CD25 e o CD69, em células ativadas por PHA e por TPA. O CD25 é a cadeia alfa do receptor de II-2 que se expressa na membrana algumas horas após a ativação. O CD69, membro da família das selectinas é rapidamente expresso após a ativação. Além do PHA e TPA,outra substância que que por si só levou a expressão de CD25 e de CD69 foi a TG...Estes dados parecem indicar um possível papel para o CD69 também na morte celular. Nós verificamos que um mesmo sinal PHA pode levar a dissociação de resposta para a expressão de CD25 e CD69 em uma mesma célula. Os nossos resultados, aliados aos dados da literatura, demonstrem o envolvimento de diferentes vias de ativação conduzindo à proliferação, à citotoxicidade e provavelmente à morte celular e a possibilidade de que um mesmo estímulo seja capaz de ativar mais de uma dessas vias.

A metástase: a procura de um novo paradigma / Metastasis: the search for a new paradigm

Utilizamos as técnicas de aderência linfocitária de Stamper e Wodruff (1976, 1977) aplicadas ao processo metastático, nos conceitos de heterogeneidade celular de Fidler (1978a). Verificamos as teorias que explicam este processo, os modelos que comportam e atualizamos os conhecimentos, comparando-os com a recirculação linfocitária. estabelecemos o paradigma resultante e discutimos um outro. Experimentalmente, avaliou-se a adesão de células B16 Melanoma com diferentes capacidades metastáticas (F1 e F10) in vivo, a cortes em criostato de órgãos de camundongos in vitro, in natura e modulados por agentes diferenciadores. Notamos maior aderência de F10 (padrão metastático pulmonar predominante) a pulmão e linfonodo mesentérico que a fígado e músculo estriado. Não houve diferenças na F1, sugerindo correlação com a seletividade metastática orgânica. O ácido retinóico provocou uma redução importante na adesão e nas metástases, enquanto o TPA mostrou resultados contraditórios

Prognostic value of tissue polypeptide antigen [TPA] plasma levels in patients with malignant salivary gland tumors

Nine subject with various malignant salivary gland tumors were monitored with tissue polypeptide antigen [TPA] pre and post operatively utilizing TA radio-immunoassay kit. The TPA radioimmunoassay proved to be a specific and sensitive method aiding in diagnoses monitoring and a postoperative follow up in malignancies