ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Purpose: To (a) determine the normative values for optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters such as central macular thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and choroidal thickness in healthy children; (b) investigate the relationships of these parameters with axial length, central corneal thickness, refractive errors, and intraocular pressure; and (c) determine interexaminer agreement for choroidal thickness measurements. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 120 healthy children aged 8-15 years underwent detailed ophthalmological examination and OCT measurements. Choroidal thickness was measured at three separate locations by two independent examiners. Results: The mean global retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was 98.75 ± 9.45 μm (79.0-121.0). The mean central macular thickness was 232.29 ± 29.37 μm (190.0-376.0). The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness obtained by examiner 1 was 344.38 ± 68.83 μm and that obtained by examiner 2 was 344.04 ± 68.92 μm. Interexaminer agreement was between 99.6%-99.8% for choroidal thickness at three separate locations. Central macular thickness increased with axial length (r=0.245, p=0.007). Choroidal thickness increased with age (r=0.291, p=0.001) and decreased with axial length (r=-0.191, p=0.037). Global retinal nerve fiber layer thickness decreased with axial length (r=-0.247, p=0.007) and increased with central corneal thickness (r=0.208, p=0.022). Global retinal nerve fiber layer thickness positively correlated with choroidal thickness (r=0.354, p<0.001). Global retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (r=0.223, p=0.014) and choroidal thickness (r=0.272, p=0.003) increased with the spherical equivalent (D). Conclusions: Optical coherence tomography parameters showed a wide range of variability in children. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, central macular thickness, and choroidal thickness were found to be either inter-related or correlated with age, central corneal thickness, axial length, and refractive errors. Furthermore, manual measurements of choroidal thickness showed high interexaminer agreement. Because normative values for optical coherence tomography parameters differed in children, the measurements should be interpreted according to an age-appropriate database.
RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar valores normativos para parâmetros de tomografia de coerência óptica consistindo em espessura macular central, espessura da camada de fibra nervosa da retina e espessura coroidal em crianças saudáveis, para investigar suas relações com o comprimento axial, espessura corneana central, erros refractivos e pressão intraocular e determinar a concordância interexaminador para medidas de espessura coroidal. Métodos: um total de 120 crianças saudáveis com idade entre 8 e 15 anos foram submetidas a exame oftalmológico detalhado e a medições de tomografia de coerência óptica em uma configuração de estudo transversal. A espessura coroide foi medida por dois examinadores independentes em 3 pontos distintos. Resultados: A espessura global media da camada de fibra nervosa da retina foi de 98.75 ± 9.45 μm (79.0-121.0). A espessura macular central media foi de 232.29 ± 29.37 μm (190.0-376.0). A espessura coroidea subfoveal media foi de 344.38 ± 68.83 μm medida pelo examinador 1 e 344.04 ± 68.92 μm medida pelo examinador 2. A concordância foi entre 99.6-99.8% para a espessura coroidal em 3 pontos distintos. Verificou-se que a espessura macular central aumentava com o comprimento axial (r=0.245, p=0.007). A espessura da coroide aumentou com a idade (r=0.291, p=0.001) e diminuiu com o comprimento axial (r=-0.191, p=0.037). A espessura global da camada de fibras nervosas da retina diminuiu com o comprimento axial (r=-0.247, p=0.007) e aumenta com a espessura central da córnea (r=0.208, p=0.022). A espessura global da camada de fibras nervosas da retina foi correlacionada positivamente com a espessura coroidal (r=0.354, p<0.001). A espessura global da camada de fibras nervosas da retina (r=0.223, p=0.014) e a espessura coroide (r=0.272, p=0.003) aumentaram com o equivalente esférico (D). Conclusões: os parâmetros de tomografia de coerência óptica parecem mostrar uma ampla gama de variabilidade em crianças. A espessura da camada de fibra nervosa da retina, a espessura macular central, a espessura coroidea estão inter-relacionadas ou correlacionadas com a idade, espessura corneana central, comprimento axial e erros refractivos. Além disso, as medidas manuais da espessura coroidea apresentaram alta concordância entre examinadores. Deve-se ter em mente que os valores normativos dos parâmetros da tomografia de coerência óptica diferem em crianças, portanto, as medidas devem ser interpretadas de acordo com uma determinada base de dados apropriada para idade.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Retina/anatomy & histology , Choroid/anatomy & histology , Tomography, Optical Coherence/standards , Organ Size , Reference Standards , Reference Values , Refractive Errors/pathology , Observer Variation , Cross-Sectional Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Corneal PachymetryABSTRACT
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising medical imaging technique that uses light to capture real-time cross-sectional images from biological tissues in micrometer resolution. Commercially available optical coherence tomography systems are employed in diverse applications, including art conservation and diagnostic medicine, notably in cardiology and ophthalmology. Application of this technology in the brain may enable distinction between white matter and gray matter, and obtainment of detailed images from within the encephalon. We present, herein, the in vivo implementation of OCT imaging in the rat brain striatum. For this, two male 60-day-old rats (Rattus norvegicus, Albinus variation, Wistar) were stereotactically implanted with guide cannulas into the striatum to guide a 2.7-French diameter high-definition OCT imaging catheter (Dragonfly™, St. Jude Medical, USA). Obtained images were compared with corresponding histologically stained sections to collect imaging samples. A brief analysis of OCT technology and its current applications is also reported, as well as intra-cerebral OCT feasibility on brain mapping during neurosurgical procedures.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Basal Ganglia/anatomy & histology , Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Computer Systems/standards , Corpus Striatum/anatomy & histology , Feasibility Studies , Rats, Wistar , Stereotaxic Techniques , Tomography, Optical Coherence/standardsABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Demonstrar a eficácia da tomografia de coerência óptica na avaliação da estrutura anatômica macular em olhos com a cavidade vítrea preenchida por óleo de silicone. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional descritivo de 28 (vinte e oito) pacientes submetidos a vitrectomia com utilização de óleo de silicone como substituto vítreo. Estes pacientes foram avaliados pela biomicroscopia, oftalmoscopia indireta e pela tomografia de coerência óptica. RESULTADO: Todos os pacientes apresentaram retina aplicada no pós-operatório. A realização da tomografia de coerência óptica não apresentou dificuldade técnica na sua execução. O "cisto" de retina, membrana epi-retiniana e buraco lamelar foram apenas detectados na tomografia de coerência óptica. CONCLUSÃO: A tomografia de coerência óptica demonstrou boa eficácia para detectar alterações maculares em olhos com óleo de silicone. Assim, evidenciamos que é factível a execução deste exame e que este pode nos ajudar a diagnosticar alterações subclínicas no pós-operatório nestes pacientes.
PURPOSE: To demonstrate optical coherence tomography efficacy to evaluate macular anatomical outcomes, in eyes with silicone oil-filled vitreous cavity after vitrectomy. METHODS: A descriptive observational study of 28 (twenty-eight) patients submitted to pars plana vitrectomy having silicone oil as vitreous substitute. The macular findings were observed by means of indirect binocular ophthalmoscope, biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography examinations. RESULTS: During the follow-up period the retina remained attached in all patients. In some cases, intraretinal cysts, epiretinal membrane and lamellar macular hole were observed only by optical coherence tomography examination. CONCLUSION: Optical coherence tomography provided improved imaging of finer retinal structures in eyes with silicone oil-filled vitreous cavity. Therefore, optical coherence tomography examination should be systematically performed in eyes filled with silicone oil to recognize changes in retinal morphology.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological/standards , Retina/pathology , Silicone Oils/administration & dosage , Evaluation Study , Epiretinal Membrane/etiology , Follow-Up Studies , Microscopy , Ophthalmoscopes , Postoperative Period , Retina/surgery , Retinal Perforations/etiology , Silicone Oils/adverse effects , Tomography, Optical Coherence/standards , VitrectomyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report the optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in a patient with unilateral macular coloboma. METHODS: A 12-year-old male was presented with macular coloboma in the left eye. The optical coherence tomography was performed with fluorescein angiography (FA). RESULTS: The OCT revealed the crater-like depression in the macula, demonstrating atrophic neurosensory retina, and an absence of retinal pigment epithelium and choroid in the lesion. FA showed hypofluorescence corresponding to the size of the lesion in both early and late frames without leakage of dye at any stage. CONCLUSIONS: The OCT can be beneficial to confirm the diagnosis of macular coloboma.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Coloboma/diagnosis , Fluorescein Angiography , Macula Lutea/abnormalities , Tomography, Optical Coherence/standardsABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Detectar possíveis sinais de maculopatia hipotônica subclínica por meio da OCT III em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia filtrante. MÉTODOS: Pacientes que realizaram procedimento cirúrgico filtrante com pressão intra-ocular menor que 9 mmHg submeteram-se ao exame OCT III. RESULTADOS: Sete (87,50 por cento) pacientes apresentaram diagnóstico prévio de glaucoma crônico simples e 1 (12,50 por cento) de glaucoma agudo de ângulo fechado. Apenas duas pacientes (25,00 por cento) apresentaram maculopatia hipotônica detectada pela OCT III. CONCLUSÃO: A OCT III parece ser um bom método diagnóstico de maculopatia hipotônica subclínica em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia filtrante convencional.
PURPOSE: To detect nondiagnostic hypotony maculopathy by OCT III after filtration surgery. METHODS: After surgery, patients with intraocular pressure less than 9 mmHg were submitted to OCT III examination. RESULTS: Seven (87.50 percent) patients with previous diagnosis of open angle glaucoma and one (12.50 percent) of them with acute angle closure glaucoma. Two patients (25.00 percent) presented hypotony maculopathy on OCT III examination. CONCLUSION: OCT III examination seems to be a good diagnostic method to detect subclinical hypotony maculopathy after filtration surgery.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Glaucoma/surgery , Ocular Hypotension/diagnosis , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Intraocular Pressure , Ocular Hypotension/etiology , Postoperative Complications , Prospective Studies , Tomography, Optical Coherence/standards , Trabeculectomy/adverse effectsABSTRACT
The congenital optic disc pit is a rare anomaly that can lead to major visual impairment associated with subretinal fluid accumulation. The authors describe the optical coherence tomography study of three cases of untreated congenital optic disc pits with different levels of visual impairment and its different presentations of intraretinal fluid collections.
A fosseta congênita do disco óptico é uma anomalia rara que pode levar a importante comprometimento visual associado ao acúmulo de líquido sub-retiniano. Os autores descrevem o estudo pela tomografia de coerência óptica de três casos de fossetas congênitas do disco óptico não tratadas com diferente comprometimento visual e diferente apresentação das coleções de líquido intra-retiniano.