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1.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2014. xv,86 p. ilus, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-750995

ABSTRACT

O tecido linfóide das mucosas apresenta estruturas especializadas contendo células imunorreguladoras e mecanismos capazes de determinar indução de tolerância ou resposta inflamatória após a administração oral de um antígeno. Diversos agentes causadores de doenças utilizam a via oral como rota de infecção, dentre eles o Toxoplasma gondii. A infecção por T. gondii pode gerar diversas manifestações patológicas, como por exemplo, a doença inflamatória intestinal, que envolve diferentes tipos celulares, diversas citocinas, bem como a participação da microbiota intestinal. Para melhor compreender o envolvimento dos diversos tipos celulares e elementos humorais na toxoplasmose, elegemos como modelos experimentais as linhagens de camundongos geneticamente selecionados para tolerância oral: TR (resistentes à tolerância) e TS (susceptíveis à tolerância). Os camundongos TS se caracterizam por baixa resposta inflamatória e maior quantidade de células T regulatórias produtoras de IL-10. Em contraste, os camundongos TR produzem fortes reações inflamatórias. A caracterização da toxoplasmose experimental nos camundongos TR e TS infectados por gavagem com T. gondii foi feita por análise histológica e imunohistoquímica de cortes do intestino, fígado e baço, dosagem de citocinas e quimiocinas, além da caracterização da microbiota intestinalNossos resultados confirmam o estabelecimento de uma resposta inflamatória intestinal aguda nos camundongos TR, que ocorre durante os 14 dias iniciais da infecção. As lesões apresentam macrófagos e, em menor número, células dendríticas. Além disso, o perfil de citocinas corrobora essas observações, com alta produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, tanto sistêmica quanto localizada. Os camundongos TS, por outro lado, apresentaram um perfil característico voltado para a regulação, inibindo a infecção intestinal e produção de citocinas inflamatórias, ao mesmo tempo em que favorece um aumento da quantidade de parasitos nos órgãos...


The mucosal lymphoid tissue has specialized structures containingimmunoregulatory cells and mechanisms to determine the induction of tolerance or inflammatory response following oral administration of an antigen. Several agentscausative of diseases uses the oral route as a form of infection, includingToxoplasma gondii. T. gondii infection can lead to various pathologicalmanifestations, such as inflammatory bowel disease, involving various cell types, several cytokines, as well as the involvement of the intestinal microbiota. To better understand the involvement of different cell types and humoral elements in the toxoplasmosis, we choose as experimental models two lineages of mice genetically selected for oral tolerance: TR (tolerance resistant) and TS (tolerance susceptible). TS mice are characterized by low inflammatory response and increased amount of regulatory T cells producing IL-10. In contrast, the TR mice produce strong inflammatory reactions. Characterization of experimentaltoxoplasmosis in TR and TS mice infected by gavage with T. gondii was made by histological and immunohistochemical analysis of sections of the intestine, liver andspleen, dosage of cytokines and chemokines, in addition to characterization of intestinal microbiota. Our results confirm the setting of an acute inflammatory response in the intestines of TR mice, which occurs during the initial 14 days from infection. Lesions presented macrophages and to a lesser number, dendritic cells. Moreover, thecytokine profile supports these observations, with a high production of proinflammatory cytokines, either systemic or localized...


Subject(s)
Mice , Muridae , Toxoplasma/classification , Toxoplasmosis/chemically induced
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 29(1): 293-298, Mar. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-591989

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was quantifying and morphologically analyzing the myenteric neurons of the small and large gastric curvatures of the glandular stomach of rats infected the tachyzoites of the Toxoplasma gondii for 30 days. Ten male rats were assigned into two groups: Control Group (CG) and Experimental Group (EG). The animals from the CG received saline solution orally whereas the EG animals received 104 tachyzoites of the T. gondii genotype III strain (BTU II). After 30 days, euthanasia was conducted for the removal of the stomach, which was dissected under the stereomicroscope for removal of the tunica mucosa and the tela submucosa. Whole mounts were stained with Giemsa. Quantification of the myenteric neurons was conducted by using a 40X-objective microscope in 40 microscopic fields for the region of the small gastric curvature and 40 fields for the large gastric curvature of the glandular stomach of the animals from both groups. The cell body of 50 myenteric neurons from each region was measured for each animal. Chronic experimental infection caused by the genotype III strain of Toxoplasma gondii was verified to reduce myenteric neuron density only in the small gastric curvature region of the glandular stomach, not resulting in significant changes in the size of the neurons.


Este estudio tuvo como objetivos cuantificar y analizar morfológicamente neuronas del plexo mientérico de las curvaturas gástricas menor y mayor del estómago glandular de ratones infectados durante 30 días por taquizoítos de Toxoplasma gondii. Fueron utilizados 10 ratas machos distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos: grupo control (GC) y grupo experimental (GE). Los animales del GC recibieron solución salina por vía oral y los animales del GE recibieron, por la misma vía, 104 taquizoítos de Toxoplasma gondii de una cepa genotipo III (cepa BTU II). Tras 30 días, se realizó eutanasia para retirar el estómago, que fue disecado bajo el estereomicroscopio para retirar la túnica mucosa y tela submucosa. Preparados de membrana fueron coloreados por la técnica de Giemsa. La cuantificación de neuronas mientéricas se realizó con microscopía óptica, con objetivo de 40X en 40 campos microscópicos para la región de la curvatura gástrica menor y 40 campos para la curvatura gástrica mayor del estómago glandular, en ambos grupos. Se midió el área del cuerpo celular de 50 neuronas mientéricas de cada región en cada animal. Se verificó que la infección experimental crónica provocada por la cepa de genotipo III de Toxoplasma gondii en ratones, redujo la densidad de neuronas mientéricas solamente en la región de curvatura gástrica menor del estómago glandular, no llevando a alteraciones significativas el tamaño de las neuronas.


Subject(s)
Adult , Myenteric Plexus , Toxoplasmosis/physiopathology , Toxoplasmosis/chemically induced , Rats, Wistar/anatomy & histology , Rats, Wistar/physiology
3.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 12(2): 202-214, 2006. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-434718

ABSTRACT

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) DNA in blood can help to diagnose the disease in its acute phase; however, it must be considered that hemoglobin, present in blood, can inhibit polymerase activity, making impracticable the detection of DNA in samples. Mice were experimentally infected via oral route with ME49 and BTU2 strains cysts and RH strain tachyzoites; polymerase chain reaction was used to detect T. gondii DNA in mice sera 18, 24, 48, 96, and 192 hours post infection (PI). Toxoplama gondii DNA was detected in only one animal infected with BTU2 strain, genotype III (isolated from a dog with neurological signs) 18 hours PI. The agent’s DNA was not detected in any sample of the other experimental groups. New studies must be carried out to verify the technique sensitivity in researches on this agent’s genetic material using sera samples of acute-phase toxoplasmosis patients, especially in cases of immunosuppression


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Rats , Serologic Tests , Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis/chemically induced
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