ABSTRACT
The global stability analysis represents a compound failure, mechanism which provides lower calculated factors of safety. In this research, the global stability analysis was used to propose a mathematically model of the transmission dynamics and control of Trypanosomiasis, known as African sleeping sickness. We obtained the Disease-free equilibrium state and present graphical profile of some of the compartments
Subject(s)
Disease-Free Survival , Incidence , Models, Theoretical , Nigeria , Trypanosomiasis, African/epidemiology , Trypanosomiasis, African/prevention & control , Trypanosomiasis, African/transmissionABSTRACT
Until the establishment of the “Commission for the study of and combat against sleeping sickness” (Missão de estudo e combate à doença do sono) in 1945, underfunded and understaffed health services had not been a priority for the colonial administration in Portuguese Guinea. The Commission not only implemented endemic disease control in the territory under the auspices of metropolitan institutions, but also provided preventive public healthcare to the local population. Its relative success in reducing the negative impact of Human African Trypanosomiasis turned the colony into an apparent model of tropical modernity. In the process, the local evolution of the disease was marginalized, despite the tacit but contested recognition by some health professionals of the role of popular healthcare.
Os serviços de saúde que sofreram de uma crónica falta de recursos humanos e materiais nunca foram uma prioridade para a administração colonial na Guiné Portuguesa até a criação da Missão de Estudo e Combate à Doença do Sono em 1945. Além de introduzir o controlo de doenças endémicas sob a tutela de instituições metropolitanas, a Missão também providenciou cuidados preventivos de saúde pública para as populações locais. O sucesso relativo da redução do impacto nocivo da tripanossomíase africana parece ter transformado a colónia num modelo de modernidade tropical. Porém, as trajetórias locais da doença foram marginalizadas, apesar do reconhecimento tácito mas contestado por profissionais de saúde do papel de cuidados populares de saúde.
Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Humans , Public Health/history , Tropical Medicine/history , Trypanosomiasis, African/history , Endemic Diseases/history , Endemic Diseases/prevention & control , Guinea-Bissau , Trypanosomiasis, African/prevention & controlABSTRACT
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of trypanosomiasis was studied in cattle, being a major source of animal protein in Nigeria, thus, a very likely means of spread of Human African Trypanosomosis (HAT). METHODS: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to diagnose bovine trypanosomiasis in 264 samples collected from adult cattle of mixed breeds, age and sex, in Anambra and Imo states, Nigeria. RESULTS: Out of 264 samples analysed, 21 (7.96%) were seropositive for Trypanosoma congolense while 20 (7.58%) were seropositive for T. vivax and 8 (3.03%) were seropositive for T. brucei infections in both the states. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: The predominant species was found to be T. congolense. Mixed infection of three species, T. vivax, T. congolense and T. brucei was found to dominate other mixed infections in both the states. ELISA detected the infection of the three species of trypanosomes in the same group of animals. The usefulness of antigen capture ELISA in the diagnosis of human or animal trypanosomiasis was established, and the possibility of the spread of HAT caused by T. brucei gambiense and T.b. rhodesiense through cattle was expressed.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Disease Reservoirs , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Humans , Male , Nigeria , Sensitivity and Specificity , Trypanosoma/classification , Trypanosomiasis, African/prevention & control , Trypanosomiasis, Bovine/blood , Zoonoses/parasitologyABSTRACT
Autour de l'execution du Programme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomiase en Republique Centrafricaine au cours de la periode 1990-1992 s'est instauree une reflexion valant proposition pour une approche strategique differente. La chaine de prospection alors utilisee reposait sur des methodes classiques de depistage immunologique; de recherche parasitologique et de traitement des trypanosomes averes. Un piegeage etait par ailleurs entrepris. En depit des contraintes habituelles; politiques et techniques; qui pesent sur les programmes de lutte; le Programme National a connu un deroulement satisfaisant pendant deux ans. Pourtant; du fait de la strategie utilisee dans le foyer hyper-endemique de Nola; de nombreux suspects immunologiques ne rentraient pas en traitement; en meme temps que restait stable l'incidence. La nouvelle strategie proposee consiste a instaurer un traitement pour tous les suspects immunologiques meme si la recherche parasitaire reste negative. L'inconvenient principal de cette approche se situe au niveau du traitement a la Pentamidine de sujets consideres a tort en phase I (faux positifs immunologiques). Le risque iatrogene discute est celui d'un diabete potentiellement induit. D'autres contraintes; logistiques; d'acceptabilite et de faisabilite doivent etre apprecies. Pourtant; face a un foyer hyper-endemique; il semble judicieux de proposer aux autorites nationales ce changement strategique