Uterine secretory activity and histology of prepubertal female dogs in an animal model of partial ablation of endometrial glands development / Atividade secretória uterina e histologia de cadelas pré-púberes em um modelo animal de ablação parcial do desenvolvimento das glândulas uterinas

Inadequate exposure of the female reproductive system to steroids in uterine developmental periods can partially inhibit the development of endometrial glands in dogs. However, the effects of steroids on the formed glands functionality remain unknown, as well as the possible occurrence of endometrial fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate the secretory activity of endometrial glands in prebubertal female dogs submitted to a protocol of partial ablation of the uterine adenogenesis. Sixteen females of non-specific breed were distributed into two groups; MPA (n=8), females that received applications of medroxyprogesterone acetate every 3 weeks; and C (n=8) untreated control females. Ovariohysterectomy was performed in all animals at the age of 6 months and evaluated the uterine horns by histological and histochemistry exams. The secretion intensity (degrees 1-4) was evaluated using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5. Histological evaluation was performed using Masson's trichrome and toluidine blue. Only degree 1 and 2 marks for PAS were observed in both groups, with no difference of uterine secretion intensity between the groups regarding the degrees found. However, the MPA group revealed higher intensity of uterine secretion compared to group C (p<0.05). Staining with AB pH 2.5 also revealed only degree 1 and 2 marks in both groups, with no statistically significance between them. Masson's trichrome staining revealed no marks in the periglandular region in both groups. A higher among of mast cells was observed in the myometrial region of the uterus in both groups. Prepubertal female dogs with partial ablation of the uterine adenogenesis present minimal uterine secretory activity, absence of periglandular fibrosis and increased presence of mast cells in the myometrium compared to endometrium.(AU)

A exposição inadequada do sistema reprodutor feminino a esteróides em períodos do desenvolvimento uterino pode inibir parcialmente o desenvolvimento das glândulas endometriais em cães. Entretanto, não se conhece os efeitos dos esteróides sobre a funcionalidade das glândulas formadas, bem como a possível ocorrência de fibrose endometrial. Objetivou-se avaliar a atividade secretória das glândulas endometriais de cadelas pré-púberes submetidas a protocolo de ablação parcial da adenogênese uterina. Foram utilizadas 16 fêmeas, sem-raça-definida, distribuídas nos grupos MPA (n=8), fêmeas que receberam aplicações de acetato de medroxiprogesterona a cada 3 semanas, e C (n=8), fêmeas controle não tratadas. Aos seis meses de idade, foi realizada ovariohisterectomia em todos os animais, e avaliados os cornos uterinos pelo exame histológico e de histoquímica. Para avaliar a intensidade de secreção (graus 1-4), foram utilizadas periodic acid-Schiff e alcian blue (AB) pH 2,5. Para a avaliação histológica foram utilizados tricrômico de Masson e azul de toluidina. Apenas marcações graus 1 e 2 foram observadas para PAS em ambos os grupos, sem diferença na intensidade de secreção uterina entre grupos com relação aos graus encontrados. Entretanto, o grupo MPA apresentou maior intensidade de secreção uterina em relação ao grupo C (p<0,05). Com relação ao AB pH 2,5, em ambos os grupos também foram encontradas apenas marcações de graus 1 e 2, sem diferença estatística entre grupos. Não foram observadas marcações para a coloração de tricrômico de Masson na região periglandular, em ambos os grupos. Foi observada maior quantidade de mastócitos presentes no útero na região do miométrio, em ambos os grupos. Conclui-se que cadelas pré-púberes com ablação parcial da adenogênese uterina apresentam mínima atividade secretória uterina, ausência de fibrose periglandular e maior presença de mastócitos no miométrio em relação ao endométrio.(AU)

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Uterine Involution in the Early Puerperium / Avaliação ultrassonográfica da involução uterina no puerpério precoce

Abstract Purpose Our aim was to describe the changes observed by ultrasonography in uterine dimensions during the early puerperium among women who experienced an uncomplicated puerperium. Additionally, the influence of parity, mode of delivery, breastfeeding and birth weight on uterine involution was evaluated. Methods Ninety-one patients underwent an ultrasound examination on days 1 (D1), 2 (D2) and 7 (D7) of the postpartum period. The longitudinal, anteroposterior and transverse uterine diameters were measured, and the uterine volume was calculated by the formula: longitudinal diameter (LD) X anteroposterior diameter (APD) X transverse diameter (TD) X 0.45. The thickness and length of the uterine cavity were also measured. Results The uterine volume and the LD, APD and TD decreased by 44.8%, 20.9%, 11.8% and 20.0% respectively. The uterine cavity thickness was reduced by 23%, and the length of the cavity was reduced by 27.2% on D7. Uterine involution was correlated inversely with parity when the day of the postpartum period was not taken into account (p= 0.01). However, when the uterine involution was correlated to parity separately, with D1, D2 or D3, no correlations were found. A significant difference occurred at D2, when it was found that the uterus had a smaller volume following cesarean section compared with vaginal delivery (p= 0.04). The high birth weight and breastfeeding were significantly related to uterine involution (p ≤ 0.01 and p= 0.04). Conclusion The sonographic evaluation of the uterus in the early puerperium should consider birth weight, breastfeeding and parity, as well as the delivery route on D2, to identify abnormalities related to uterine involution.

Resumo Objetivo Descrever as alterações observadas pela ultrassonografia nas dimensões uterinas durante o puerpério precoce em mulheres com evolução puerperal não complicada, considerando a influência da paridade, tipo de parto, amamentação e peso ao nascer sobre a involução uterina. Métodos Noventa e uma pacientes foram submetidas a exame ultrassonográfico nos dias 1 (D1), 2 (D2) e 7 (D7) do puerpério. Os diâmetros uterinos longitudinal, anteroposterior e transversal foram medidos, e o volume uterino foi calculado pela fórmula: diâmetro longitudinal (DL) X diâmetro anteroposterior (DAP) X diâmetro transverso (DT) X 0,45. A espessura e comprimento da cavidade uterina também foram medidos. Resultados O volume uterino e o DL, DAP e DT diminuíram 44,8%, 20,9%, 11.8% e 20,0% respectivamente no D7. A espessura da cavidade uterina reduziu em 23%, e o comprimento da cavidade foi reduzido em 27,2% no D7. A involução uterina se correlacionou inversamente com a paridade quando o dia do puerpério não foi levado em conta (p= 0,01). Uma diferença significativa foi encontrada em D2, quando se verificou que o útero tinha um volume menor no grupo submetido a cesariana em comparação com o parto vaginal (p= 0,04). O peso ao nascer elevado e amamentação apresentaram relação estatisticamente significativa com a involução uterina (p ≤ 0,01 e p= 0,04). Conclusão A avaliação ultrassonográfica do útero no puerpério precoce deve considerar o peso ao nascer, a amamentação e a paridade, assim como a via de parto no D2, para a identificação de anormalidades relacionadas à involução uterina.

Evaluation of physiological parameters of dogs submitted to uterine lymphatic mapping using patent blue V dye for anaphylaxis detection / Avaliação de parâmetros fisiológicos de cães submetidos ao mapeamento linfático uterino usando o corante azul patente V para a detecção de anafilaxia

Lymphatic mapping has been performed in humans and dogs. Although several cases of anaphylaxis have been reported in humans, there are no such reports in dogs. The objective of this study was to identify the occurrence of adverse reactions to patent blue V dye in bitches undergoing uterine lymphatic mapping procedures using cardiovascular and hematological evaluations. The experiment was performed in 14 mongrel bitches without any reproductive disease, randomly assigned into two equal groups (PBV- uterine lynphatic mapping and OHE; Control - OHE only). The animals were submitted to pre- and postoperative hematological and serum biochemistry exams (7 days). The anesthetic protocol was: sedation (morphine and acepromazine), induction (propofol), maintenance (isoflurane), transoperative analgesia (fentanyl). Systolic blood pressure was monitored throughout the procedure and arterial blood gas analysis was performed immediate pre and postoperatively. For lymphatic mapping was injected patent blue V in the uterine wall, 10 minutes before OEH. Comparisons between the pre- and postoperative parameters within the same animal were performed using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. To compare the values between control and PBV group was obtaining the difference between the pre and post of each group, subjected to the Mann-Whitney test (significance of 5%). Differences were observed (P<0.05) between the pre- and postoperative evaluations in the PBV (total protein and the albumin serum), in both groups (arterial partial pressure of oxygen) and in the Control (arterial oxygen saturation). There were no signs of adverse reactions to the patent blue V dye in the healthy bitches submitted to lymphatic uterine mapping.(AU)

O mapeamento linfático tem sido realizado em humanos e cães. Embora inúmeros casos de anafilaxia já tenham sido relatados em humanos, não existem tais relatos em cães. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a ocorrência de reações adversas ao corante azul patente V em cadelas submetidas ao mapeamento linfático uterino, usando avaliações cardiovasculares e hematológicas. O experimento foi realizado em 14 cadelas mestiças, divididas igualmente em dois grupos (PBV- mapeamento linfático uterino e OEH; Controle - apenas OEH). Os animais foram submetidos a exames hematológicos e bioquímicos séricos no pré e pós-operatório (7 dias). O protocolo anestésico foi: sedação (morfina e acepromazina), indução (propofol), manutenção (isoflurano), analgesia trans-operatória (fentanil). A pressão arterial sistólica foi monitorada durante todo o procedimento e hemogasometria arterial no pré e pós-operatório imediato. Para o mapeamento linfático foi injetado azul patente V na parede uterina, 10 minutos antes de realizar a OEH. Comparações entre os valores do pré e pós-operatório do mesmo animal foram realizados pelo teste Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney. Para a comparação dos valores entre Controle e PBV foi realizado a obtenção da diferença entre os valores pré e pós de cada grupo, submetidas ao teste de Mann-Whitney (significância de 5%). Diferenças foram observadas (p<0,05) entre as avaliações pré e pós-operatórias no PBV (proteína total e albumina), ambos os grupos (pressão parcial de oxigênio arterial) e no Controle (saturação de oxigênio arterial). Não houve sinais de reação adversa ao corante azul patente V em cadelas saudáveis submetidas ao mapeamento linfático uterino.(AU)

Gene expression of estrogen and oxytocin receptors in the uterus of pregnant and parturient bitches

In the canine species, the precise mechanisms of pregnancy maintenance and the initiation of parturition are not completely understood. The expression of genes encoding the receptors for estrogen (ERα mRNA) and oxytocin (OTR mRNA) was studied in the endometrium and myometrium during pregnancy and parturition in dogs. Real-time PCR was performed to quantify the levels of ERα mRNA and OTR mRNA in the uterus of bitches during early (up to 20 days of gestation), mid (20 to 40 days) and late pregnancy (41 to 60 days), and parturition (first stage of labor). All tissues expressed ERα and OTR mRNA, and are thus possibly able to respond to eventual estrogen and oxytocin hormonal stimuli. No statistically significant differences in the expression of ERα mRNA were verified in the endometrium and myometrium throughout pregnancy and parturition, but expression of OTR mRNA increased at both parturition and late pregnancy. We concluded that the increase of endometrial and myometrial OTR mRNA expression in dogs is not an event dependent on estrogenic stimulation. Moreover, the contractility response of the canine uterus to oxytocin begins during pregnancy and maintains myometrial activity. The expression of OTR mRNA in canine uterine tissues varied over time, which supports an interpretation that the sensitivity and response to hormone therapy varies during the course of pregnancy and labor. Further studies are needed to elucidate the factors underlying the synthesis of uterine oxytocin receptors and the possible role of ERβ rather than ERα in the uterine tissues during pregnancy and parturition in dogs.

Cardiopulmonary bypass in pregnancy.

Cardiac surgery carried out on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in a pregnant woman is associated with poor neonatal outcomes although maternal outcomes are similar to cardiac surgery in non‑pregnant women. Most adverse maternal and fetal outcomes from cardiac surgery during pregnancy are attributed to effects of CPB. The CPB is associated with utero‑placental hypoperfusion due to a number of factors, which may translate into low fetal cardiac output, hypoxia and even death. Better maternal and fetal outcomes may be achieved by early pre‑operative optimization of maternal cardiovascular status, use of perioperative fetal monitoring, optimization of CPB, delivery of a viable fetus before the operation and scheduling cardiac surgery on an elective basis during the second trimester.

Rat dorsal prostate is necessary for vaginal adhesion of the seminal plug and sperm motility in the uterine horns

The rat prostate comprises dorsal, ventral and lateral lobes that are morphologically and biochemically distinct. Lesions to these structures are expected to affect the quality of the ejaculate and male fertility. In experiment 1, we analyzed ejaculate parameters of males that had chemical lesions of the dorsal or ventral lobes. At pre-lesion and at 5 and 20 days post-lesion males were mated, and after ejaculation, seminal fluid and seminal plug were obtained from the mated females. In experiment 2, the ventral lobes were ablated, and the ejaculate was analyzed. In experiment 3, the fertility of males with chemically-lesioned dorsal lobes or ablation of the ventral lobes was evaluated. Chemical lesion of the dorsal lobe prevented the adhesion of the seminal plug to vaginal walls. When these males were tested at 5-days postlesion, no sperm were found in uterus, and at 20-days post-lesion, the few sperm encountered showed slow progressive motility. None of the females that mated with dorsal lobe-lesioned males became pregnant. However, chemical lesion or ablation of the ventral lobes did not affect ejaculate or fertility. Our results indicate that the dorsal prostatic lobes are indispensable for reproductive success in males, and define parameters of ejaculate with which fertility can be estimated.

Transcriptional and translational expression of calbindin-D9k in the duodenum, kidney and uterus of a female canine model

Calbindin-D9k (CaBP-9k) is a cytosolic calcium-binding protein expressed in tissues in the intestine, uterus, placenta, kidney, pituitary gland and bone. Its exact function is unknown, but it is considered to regulate intracytoplasmic concentration and transport of free ions (Ca2+). CaBP-9k protein is involved in intestinal calcium absorption in the intestine and in the regulation of myometrial activity by intracellular calcium in the uterus. Renal CaBP-9k protein is expressed at the site of calcium re-absorption in the kidney and expressed in distal convoluted tubules, where it is thought to facilitate calcium re-absorption. Expression of the CaBP-9k gene has been explored in most mammalians except in a canine model. Presently, we elucidated the expression of CaBP-9k mRNA and protein in the duodenum, kidney and uterus in a canine model involving two adult (2.5-year-old) female beagles. To collect tissues, the dogs were euthanized and then the abdominal cavity was exposed by midline incision. The proximal duodenum, cortex of kidney and uterine horn were collected. Expression of CaBP-9k mRNA was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR. CaBP-9k protein expression and localization were ascertained by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, respectively. CaBP-9k mRNA was detected in the duodenum, but not in the kidney and uterus. Its protein was expressed only in the enterocytes of the duodenum. Taken together, the results indicate that CaBP-9k mRNA and protein are highly expressed in the enterocytes of the duodenum of a canine model, consistent with findings in other mammalian species.

Evaluación morfométrica de la relación embrio-uterina de las etapas pre y post implantacional en conejo (Oryctolagus cuniculus) / Morphometric evaluation of the embryo-uterine relationship of the pre and post implantational stages in rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

El conejo ha demostrado ser un excelente modelo de estudio de implantación. Como ovulador obligado, el tiempo de preñez se puede establecer en forma precisa. La observación morfológica de cortes de úteros de 7, 8, 9 y 10 días pos coito, permitió en este estudio reconstruir una secuencia de los eventos morfométricos que ocurren durante la implantación, en el conejo. Se utilizaron 20 conejas neozelandesas blancas adultas (Oryctolagus cuniculus), nulíparas, no gestantes. Para la cruza, se utilizaron 5 machos de probada fertilidad. Los conejos fueron obtenidos del Bioterio de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. Determinamos como día 0, el momento del coito, sacrificando las hembras los días 7, 8, 9 y 10 de cada cruza. Una vez sacrificados, se disecó macro y mesoscópicamente la región pélvica, seleccionándose vesículas uterinas para sus estudios histológico e inmunocitoquímico. Se realizaron estudios morfométricos y de cinética celular con las técnicas de Túnel y PCNA. Se efectuó estadística descriptiva en base a promedio y desviación estándar (p< 0.001), utilizando el programa estadístico Stata 9.0. Las mediciones morfométricas obtenidas fueron de diámetro y volumen de la vesícula uterina, altura de la pared uterina y lumen glandular de regiones mesometrial y antimesometrial, para los días 7 al 10 post coito. Los análisis inmunocitoquímicos permitieron determinar: índice apoptótico de los núcleos celulares y el índice celular mitótico. Para el día 8 post coito se observaron los cambios morfométricos más significativos a nivel del lumen vesicular, altura de pared uterina de la región mesometrial, y lumen glandular. El mismo día se observaron cambios importantes en los índices celular mitótico y apoptótico. El conejo podría ser una especie usada para predecir el normal desarrollo embrionario, tras la comprensión morfológica y morfométrica de la implantación. Presenta una forma poco invasiva de implantación...

The rabbit has demonstrated to be an outstanding implanting model. As an obligated ovulating animal, its pregnancy time can be established exactly. The morphologic observation of uterus cuts of 7, 8, 9 and 10 days post mating, allowed this research to rebutid an apparent sequence morphometric events, that take place during rabbit implantation. Twenty New Zealand, white, adult, female rabbits were used in this research. (Oryctolagus cunículus), nulipara. And 4, proven, fertile, males were used for mating. These males were obtained from the Bioterio of the Faculty of Medicine at the Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. Mating day was defined as day cero, sacrificing the females days 7, 8, 9 and 10 in each mating. Once sacrificed, the pelvic region was macro and mesoscopically dissected, and the vesicles were selected for histological and immunocitochemical study. Histological studies were performed with H.E. technique; morphometric and cellular kinetics with Tunnel and PCNA techniques. Descriptive statistics was used based on an average and standard deviation (p< 0.001). The Stata 9.0 statistical program was used. The morphometric measurements obtained were: diameters and volume of the uterine vesicle, height of the uterine wall and glandular lumen of the mesometrial and antimesometrial regions to 7-10 days post coitus. The immunocitochemical analysis identified: apoptotic Index of the cellular nucleous and cellular mitotic Índex. By day 8 post coitus were observed significant morphometric changes at the vesicular lumen, height of the uterine wall of the mesometrial region and glandular lumen. For the same day important changes of the cellular mitotic Índex and apoptotic Index were observed. The rabbit could be a species used to predict normal embryo development, after the morphologic comprehension of the implantation, given its not so invasive form of implantation and its capacity of early placenta formation. Providing updated information...

Efeitos da melatonina no sistema genital feminino: breve revisão / Melatonin effects on the female genital system: a brief review

A melatonina é um hormônio produzido pela glândula pineal, cuja secreção está diretamente relacionada ao ciclo claro-escuro. É um poderoso antioxidante e tem papel fundamental na regulação do estado sono/vigília, do ritmo de vários processos fisiológicos, participando do controle do relógio biológico, inclusive nos seres humanos. Ressalta-se que há evidências da sua ação no sistema genital feminino, influenciando a função ovariana e a fertilidade. De fato, este hormônio interage com esteróides sexuais, como o estrogênio, modificando a sinalização celular e a resposta no tecido alvo. Estudos clínicos sugerem que o tratamento com a melatonina interviria com a evolução de neoplasia-dependente do estrogênio. O objetivo dessa revisão é analisar as principais ações da melatonina no sistema neuroendócrino, no ciclo sono-vigília, no sistema imunológico, no sistema cardiovascular, bem como no sistema reprodutor.

Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland and this is linked to the day/night cycle. It is an antioxidant and plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the jet-lag stage, in several physiological reactions and in control of the biologic rhythm. Human melatonin has an important influence on the female genital system. In fact, melatonin may influence production and action of steroids, modifying cellular signalization on the target tissue. There are many evidences that the melatonin therapy may be interfering with neoplasia development, mainly of the estrogen-dependent tumor. This paper aims to analyze the actions of melatonin on the neuroendocrine, immunological and cardiovascular systems, as well as on the reproductive function.

Association between dynamic asymmetry of the newborn's head and intrauterine factors

A non-comparable, individual, observational and contemporary cross-sectional study in newborns was made to determine the dynamic lateralization in the head turning after release from the midline and its relationship with obstetric variables. From October to December of 2005, 320 newborns were admitted to the Adjacent Lodgings of the University Hospital of Santa Maria. From those, 89 were selected for assessment of the vestibular function since they have had previously fetal static control through ultrasound. Our results show that the right-sided head lateralization was significantly greater than the left-sided. The predominancy of the lateralization towards the right side also occurred in cephalic presentations and left-sided back, however these were not significant. Results corroborate with the existing literature and suggest an association between fetal static and vestibular function.

Com o objetivo determinar a lateralização dinâmica na prova da queda da cabeça e sua associação com variáveis obstétricas, foi realizado um estudo transversal no recém-nascido, não comparado, individual, observacional e contemporâneo. No período de outubro a dezembro de 2005, 320 recém-nascidos foram admitidos no Alojamento Conjunto do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, e destes 89 foram selecionados para avaliação da função vestibular, por terem feito controle da estática fetal através do ultrasom. Nossos resultados mostram que a lateralização da cabeça para a direita foi significativamente maior do que para esquerda. Também este predomínio da lateralização para a direita ocorreu nas apresentações cefálicas e com o dorso para esquerda, no entanto estes não foram significativos. Nossos resultados corroboram com a literatura existente, e sugerem uma associação entre a estática fetal e a função vestibular.

Expression of nuclear factor-kappaB in mouse uterus during peri-implantation / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

To investigate the expression of the subunit p65 of NF-kappaB and inhibitor kappa B alpha (IkappaBalpha) in mouse uterus during peri-implantation, thereby investigating whether transient activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) takes place during embryo implantation in mice. Immunohistochemical technique was used to examine the expression and localization of p65 in endometrium or deciduas, and Western blot analysis was employed to detect the levels of IkappaBalpha protein in mouse endometrium or deciduas. P65 protein was detected in stromal cells, epithelial cells of endometrium as well as in myometrium. Staining was predominately seen in the cytoplasm of the cells. Staining intensity for p65 was stronger in the epithelial compartment than the stromal compartment and myometrium. Staining intensity increased slightly during pregnancy, and it reached a high level on pregnancy day 5 and day 8. In contrast to p65, the level of IkappaBalpha protein was lowest on pregnancy day 5 in all groups. Our results suggested that NF-kappaB may regulate embryo implantation by its transient activation in mice.

Avaliaçäo ultra-sonográfica das variaçöes do volume uterino / Ultrasonographic evaluation of uterine volume variations

Objetivo: verificar a acurácia do ultra-som transabdominal (USTA) em determinar as alteraçöes fisiológicas e patológicas do volume uterino e comparar o volume do útero ao USTA e ultra-som transvaginal (USTV), procurando verificar a relaçäo dos métodos. Métodos: inicialmente foram revistos, retrospectivamente, 1186 exames ecográficos pélvicos (USTA e USTV), verificando-se as principais doenças e indicaçöes para estes exames. A seguir, foram selecionados 480 USTA sem doenças uterinas e correlacionou-se o volume uterino com a idade e paridade. Finalmente, foi realizado estudo prospectivo comparando-se o volume uterino de 50 mulheres ao USTA e USTV. Para análise estatística utilizaram-se os testes t de Student e coeficientes de correlaçäo de Spearman e Pearson. Resultados: correlacionando-se com a paridade, para P=0 (n=99) o volume foi de 44,4 cmü; para P=1 (n=72) o volume foi 58,5 mü; para P=2-3 (n=137), o volume foi 75,8 cmü; para P=4-5 (n=56), 88 cmü e para P=6 ou mais (n=26), 105 cmü, mostrando uma correlaçäo positiva entre a paridade e o volume uterino. Com o coeficiente de correlaçäo de Spearman obtivera-se r=0,59 e p=0,001; o coeficiente de correlaçäo de Pearson foi r=0,55 e o mesmo p. Näo houve variaçöes significantes do volume uterino ao USTA e USTV. Conclusöes: o útero aumenta com a paridade e sofre alteraçöes do seu volume com a idade, sendo essas modificaçöes detectadas ao USTA. Ambos os métodos (USTA e USTV) säo equivalentes na medida do volume uterino; entretanto, a repleçäo vesical ao USTA permite melhor avaliaçäo do comprimento uterino.

The effect of oxytocin antagonist on uterus in response to exogenous oxytocin

This study was performed to determine the action mode of oxytocin antagonist. In Study 1, the duration of in vivo action of oxytocin antagonist I (AI) was examined. After infusing AI, oxytocin was given and repeated every hour for 5 hr. Uterine activities were monitored with a polygraph. Study 2 determined the effect of AI on uterine oxytocin receptor number (Rn) and binding affinity (Kd). AI treated rats were sacrificed at 0.5 and 4 hr later for receptor assay. In Study 1, the uterine contractile response to oxytocin was significantly inhibited (p>0.05) compared to controls at five min, 1 and 2 hr after injection of AI. No differences in response were detected compared to controls (p>0.05) at later hours. In Study 2, no differences (p>0.05) between the AI and control animals in either oxytocin receptor number or binding affinity was found. These data suggest that the major mode of AI action is via competitive inhibition at the uterine oxytocin receptor and not by altering receptor number or binding affinity. AI is suggested to have the potential of being a potent and specific tocolytic agent for prevention of preterm labor in human.

The effect of oxytocin antagonist on uterus in response to exogenous oxytocin

This study was performed to determine the action mode of oxytocin antagonist. In Study 1, the duration of in vivo action of oxytocin antagonist I (AI) was examined. After infusing AI, oxytocin was given and repeated every hour for 5 hr. Uterine activities were monitored with a polygraph. Study 2 determined the effect of AI on uterine oxytocin receptor number (Rn) and binding affinity (Kd). AI treated rats were sacrificed at 0.5 and 4 hr later for receptor assay. In Study 1, the uterine contractile response to oxytocin was significantly inhibited (p>0.05) compared to controls at five min, 1 and 2 hr after injection of AI. No differences in response were detected compared to controls (p>0.05) at later hours. In Study 2, no differences (p>0.05) between the AI and control animals in either oxytocin receptor number or binding affinity was found. These data suggest that the major mode of AI action is via competitive inhibition at the uterine oxytocin receptor and not by altering receptor number or binding affinity. AI is suggested to have the potential of being a potent and specific tocolytic agent for prevention of preterm labor in human.

La revisión uterina posparto: ¿factor de riesgo para infección puerperal

Ante la elevada tasa de infección puerperal (2.5 a 6.9 por ciento) evidenciada en el Instituto Materno Infantil (IMI), en los años 1996 a 1997 y dentro del programa de mejoramiento de calidad para disminuir la tasa de infección materna y perinatal del Instituto, realizamos un estudio analítico, retrospectivo de cohortes de pacientes expuestas a revisión uterina comparándolas con aquellas a las cuales no se les realizó. Se incluyeron todas las pacientes que tuvieron parto vaginal en el IMI, durante el perído comprendido entre el 1 de septiembre de 1996 y el 28 de febrero de 1997, excepto aquellos con diagnóstico de corioamnionitis. El antecedente de revisión uterina estuvo presente en el 38.6 por ciento de las pacientes que presentaron infección uterina puerperal y en el 27.9 por ciento de las pacientes que no presentaron esta complicación (RR:1.62 IC 95 por ciento 1.23 - 2.16). Teniendo en cuenta que las pacientes con ruptura prematura de mambranas de mas de 12 horas y las pacientes con parto pretérmino podrían tener una deciduoendometritis subclínica, se hizo un segundo análisis encontramos que el riesgo relativo de desarrollar infección uterina puerperal teniendo como factor de riesgo la revisión uterina fue de 1,83 (IC 95 por ciento 1,37 - 2,44). Esta evaluación inicial determinó que hay yna asociación entre la revisión manual de la cavidad uterina y la infección uterina puerperal; por lo cual justificamos la realización de un estudio prospectivo, controlando los factores de confusión que podrían influir en los resultados

Weight and lymphocyte content of the female rats spleen during the oesterus cycle

Twenty-four spraque dawly sexually mature female virgin rats, aged between 13 - 15 weeks were used in this study. Changes in spleen weight, cell content and cell proliferation, uterine and body weight daily during the oestrous cycle were studied. There were significant increases in spleen weight, its cell content, cell density and cellular proliferation during the dioestrous phase, and there was no significant increase in body or uterine weight. These findings are discussed in relation to ovarian hormone secretion

Effect of lactation on postpartum uterine involution in rat

To see the effect of lactation on uterine involution. Setting: Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore. Design: Study of uterine weight and extracellular matrix in rat uterine wall. Subjects: Sixty six mature virgin albino rats. Average age 8 weeks. Average weight 156gms. Group A [non pregnant] 06 animals. Group B [postpartum lactating] 30 animals. Group C [postpartum non lactating] 30 animals. Six animals from group B and C each sacrificed daily from day 1-5 after parturition. Uterine weight increased 10-11 folds on first day after parturition [P <0.01]. The uterine wall was thickened. The collagen fibres were increased through out the uterine wall. They were surrounding groups of muscle fibres and individual myocytes also. Collagen degradation and removal resulted in uterine involution which was accelerated by lactation. Lactation accelerates the process of uterine involution