Comparison of botulinum toxin and propranolol for essential and dystonic vocal tremors

OBJECTIVES: Vocal tremors, which cause social difficulties for patients, may be classified as resting or action tremors. Of the vocal action tremors, essential and dystonic tremors are the most common. Botulinum toxin and oral medications have been used to treat vocal tremors, but no comparative clinical trials have been performed. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of botulinum toxin injection and the oral administration of propranolol in the treatment of essential and dystonic vocal tremors. METHODS: This clinical trial recruited 15 patients, divided into essential and dystonic vocal tremor groups. Patients in both groups received successive treatment with botulinum toxin and propranolol. The treatments were administered at different times; the order of treatment was randomly selected. Patients were assessed with flexible nasofibrolaryngoscopy and with perceptual and acoustic voice evaluations. A statistical significance level of 0.05 (5%) was used. RESULTS: Botulinum toxin produced statistically significant improvements in perceptual measures of vocal instability in patients with dystonic vocal tremors compared with baseline values and treatment with propranolol. The acoustic measure of variability in the fundamental frequency was significantly lower in patients with dystonic vocal tremors after treatment with botulinum toxin. CONCLUSION: Essential and dystonic vocal tremors responded differently to treatment. Dystonic vocal tremors responded significantly to treatment with botulinum toxin but not oral propranolol. Essential vocal tremors did not respond significantly to either treatment, perhaps due to the small number of patients, which is a limitation of this research.

Botulinum toxin injection for treatment of spasmodic dysphonia: experience at Srinagarind Hospital.

BACKGROUND: Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a focal dystonia and adductor SD is the most common form. The standard treatment for adductor SD is EMG-guided, transcutaneous injections of botulinum toxin into the thyroarytenoid muscle. OBJECTIVE: Report the clinical presentation of SD, treatment with botulinum toxin injection, injection technique, results, and adverse effects. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A reviewed of clinical records of patients diagnosed with SD at the Voice Clinic between April 1999 and December 2004 at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. Thirty-seven patients were identified but only twenty-five were treated with EMG-guided botulinum toxin injection to the thyroarytenoid muscle. RESULTS: In the presented 37 patients, SD was more common in women (89%) than men (11%). The median duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 12 months: all were the adductor type. The average age at onset was 46 years. The presenting symptoms included influence to the voice (84%), hoarseness (70%), strained or strangled voice (65%), decreased loudness (27%), and breathy voice (22%). A vocal tremor coexisted with dystonia in 60% of the presented patients. Treatment with botulinum toxin injection was carried out on 25 patients for 78 injections (mean, 3 per patient). The time for botulinum toxin to take effect averaged 2.3 days (peak effect, 7 days). The patients received substantial relief from their SD symptoms, an average functional improvement of 39.2% (37.6% initially vs. 76.8% finally). Patients' best voice was achieved within one week and persisted for an average of 13.6 weeks. Side effects from the injections included mild breathiness (68%) and mild choking on fluid (56%). After injection, decreased potential for volume was a common complaint, but since all of the patients experienced increased fluency, they were satisfied. Almost all of the patients returned for repeat injections when the benefit diminished. CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin therapy has become the standard care for the treatment of SD. An acceptable and flexible treatment plan to produce a balance between decreased spasms and loss of function must be developed for each patient.

Distonia laríngea: relato de caso e tratamento com toxina botulínica / Laryngeal dystonia: case report and treatment with botulinum toxin

Distonia laríngea, ou disfonia espasmódica, é caracterizada por contrações involuntárias e inapropriadas da musculatura responsável pela fonação, sendo a do tipo adutora a mais comum. Caracteriza-se por quebras fonatórias, sendo seu diagnóstico confirmado por videolaringoestroboscopia. O tratamento de escolha é feito com a aplicação direta de toxina botulínica nos músculos responsáveis pelo movimento incoordenado. O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar o caso de uma paciente com diagnóstico de distonia laríngea do tipo adutora, tratada com toxina botulínica e discutir as vantagens e observações descritas na literatura a respeito desse tratamento.

Laryngeal dystonia or spasmodic dysphonia is characterized by involuntary and innapropiate spasms of vocal muscles, having the adductor type as the most common one. It is chacterized by strain-strangled voice with pitch breaks. Diagnosis is made by means of videolaryngostroboscopic exam. The treatment of choice is done with botulinum toxin directly injected in the muscles responsible for the mismatched movement. The aim of this study is to report on an adductor- type dysphonia patient and to discuss the advantages and observations about this treatment reported in the literature.

Laryngeal electromyography in movement disorders: preliminary data

Este estudo descreve dados preliminares de eletromiografia laríngea (LEMG) e tratamento com toxina botulínica em pacientes com disfonia associada a distúrbios do movimento. Foram estudados 25 pacientes, 19 com distonia laríngea ou disfonia espasmódica, 5 com tremor vocal e 1 com síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette. LEMG realizada com eletrodos monopolares, antes da administração de toxina botulínica, foi compatível com distonia em 14 pacientes (normal em 5), sugeriu tremor essencial em 3 e Parkinson em 2. Os diferentes padrões de LEMG e melhora considerável obtida com administração de toxina botulínica instituíram LEMG como rotina no ambulatório de distúrbios do movimento da UNICAMP.

Experiencia con toxina botulínica en el tratamiento de la disfonia espasmódica / Experience with botulinic toxine in the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia

Disfonía espasmódica o distonía laríngea son los términos clínicos utilizados para referirse a una alteración neurológica central, de carácter crónico y progresivo. Históricamente estos enfermos han sido tratados por numerosos especialistas, sin resultados satisfactorios. Respecto al manejo otorrinolaringológico se ha intentado múltiples tratamientos, incluyendo la sección del nervio recurrente laríngeo, técnicas fonoquirúrgicas y el uso de fármacos, todos ellos con numerosos efectos adversos y malos resultados vocales. La terapia de elección, desde 1984, es la infiltración de toxina botulínica en la musculatura laríngea intrínseca distónica. El presente trabajo muestra la experiencia clínica con la inyección de toxina botulínica en 20 pacientes con distonía laríngea, realizada en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Quince de ellos fueron infiltrados con esta toxina. Los restantes 5 pacientes no se inyectaron porque rechazaron este tratamiento. Se comparan los resultados vocales en ambos grupos, utilizando la escala de ranking vocal abreviada (Blitzer y cols., 1992), concluyéndose que los pacientes infriltrados mejoraron su voz; en cambio, quienes no se infiltraron permanecieron o progresaron en su compromiso vocal.

Disfonia na Infância / Voice disorders in children

Disfonia näo é um sintoma incomum em crianças. A maior parte dos estudos epidemiológicos refere uma prevalência entre 6 e 9 por cento de disfonia e distúrbios articulatórios na infância. As etiologias säo bastante diversas, variando desde alteraçöes no funcionamento dos órgäos fonoarticulatórios, até lesöes incapacitantes e com risco de vida. Os autores discutem as principais causas de disfonia entre crianças e adolescentes, enfatizando os aspectos mais importantes de seu diagnóstico e tratamento

El uso de la toxina botulínica en otorrinolaringología / Use of botulinic toxin in otorrhinolaryngology

Los autores revisan la literatura relacionada con el uso de la toxina botulínica, haciendo especial hincapié en las conclusiones del Consenso del Instituto Nacional de Salud de los Estados Unidos. Posteriormente se describen las indicaciones del uso de la toxina en las alteraciones de la voz y del espasmo del músculo cricofaríngeo, así como la técnica de inyección de la misma. Finalmente se analizan los resultados obtenidos en dos series de pacientes, describiendo los hallazgos, las dosis usadas y los efectos laterales observados

Syndrome of continuous muscle fiber activity: case report with 11-year follow-up

É relatado o caso de um paciente de 16 anos de idade do sexo masculino com quadro de rigidez muscular e disfonia. Eletromiografia revelou atividade motora contínua que näo era alterada por bloqueio do nervo periférico ou anestesia geral, mas era abolida por curare. O paciente apresentou acentuada melhora após o uso de fenitoína. O seguimento do caso 11 anos mais tarde vem corroborar o proposto caráter benigno desta síndrome, apesar de o paciente ainda depender da medicaçäo