ABSTRACT
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o dimorfismo sexual em uma coleção de mandíbulas portuguesas através de uma metodologia métrica digital, utilizando análise estatística descritiva, inferencial e multivariada para identificar quais parâmetros são mais dimórficos e quais são os melhores preditores de sexo. Trinta e três mandíbulas (14 mulheres e 19 homens) e pertences pessoais foram fotograficamente registrados com código e sexo. Os dados foram coletados por tomografia e as medidas foram feitas pelo software Simplant Pro. Foram registrados a largura máxima e mínima do ramo mandibular, altura condilar, altura do processo coronoide, altura da sínfise mandibular, ângulo mandibular, distâncias bimentual, biantegonial, bigonial e bicondilar e comprimento máximo mandibular. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando IBM® SPSS. Os resultados mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para os seguintes parâmetros: altura do processo coronoide, altura do côndilo, comprimento máximo da mandíbula e largura mínima do ramo mandibular. Na análise estatística multivariada foi possível identificar a altura do processo coronoide como melhor preditor de sexo com precisão em 72,2% dos casos. Isto permite uma diferenciação mais fácil entre mandíbulas femininas e masculinas com uma precisão de 64,3% e 78,9%, respectivamente. Foi possível concluir que a altura do processo coronoide é o parâmetro mais dimórfico e o melhor preditor de sexo na amostra.
This study aimed to assess sex dimorphism in a collection of Portuguese mandibles through a digital metric methodology by using descriptive, inferential, and multivariate statistical analysis to identify which parameters are the most dimorphic and which are the best sex predictors. Thirty-three mandibles (14 females and 19 males) and personal belongings were photographically registered with code and sex. Data was collected using tomography, and measurements were made using the Simplant Pro software. The maximum and minimum width of the mandibular ramus, condylar height, coronoid process height, mandibular symphysis height, mandibular angle, bi-mental, bi-antegonial, bi-gonial and bi-condylar distances, and maximal mandibular length were registered. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM® SPSS. The results showed statistically significant differences for the following parameters: coronoid process height, condyle height, the maximum length of the mandible, and the minimum width of the mandibular ramus. In the multivariate statistical analysis, it was possible to identify the coronoid process height as the best sex predictor accurately in 72.2% of cases. This allows for easier differentiation between female and male mandibles with an accuracy of 64.3% and 78.9%, respectively. It was possible to conclude that the coronoid process height is the most dimorphic parameter and the best sex predictor in the sample.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Sex Characteristics , Diagnosis , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , MandibleABSTRACT
Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is a slow-growing, well-defined unilocular benign mesenchymal odontogenic tumor, that can have sclerotic edges and mixed areas. This case report details a conservative surgical treatment approach for COF that preserved both the cortical basal bone and the tooth segment. A thirty-three-year-old female presented with an asymptomatic extensive lesion in the anterior mandible, manifesting mild facial asymmetry, with one year of evolution. Imaging revealed a mixed dense lesion with sclerotic edges, with extension to the periapex of the teeth 33-44, expanding and thinning the cortical bone. Histopathology confirmed COF, showing fibrous stroma with spherical cementoid calcifications, overlayed with intact bone tissue. Conservative surgery was performed combining enucleation and curettage, with peripheral ostectomy, maintaining the cortical basal bone from the mandibulae, and tooth by apicoectomies. Three- and ten-months postoperative imaging displayed peripheral bone neoformation at the site, indicating effectiveness in the short-term follow-up, with no evidence of residual disease or recurrence. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Cementoma , Oral Surgical Procedures , Surgery, Oral , Bone Diseases , Case Reports , DiagnosisABSTRACT
La insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva se ha vuelto un problema de salud pública que aumenta cada año. La reducción del alto costo que esta conlleva se ve limitada por su desarrollo silente durante años antes del diagnóstico, especialmente en personas con alto riesgo cardiovascular y sin control de los factores de riesgo. Nuevos avances tecnológicos como la inteligencia artificial ofrecen soluciones a estas situaciones. Por tanto, en esta revisión narrativa se propone determinar la aplicación del aprendizaje automático para la identificación de riesgo y diagnóstico de insuficiencia cardíaca. La búsqueda se efectuó en inglés y español en las bases de datos PubMed, HINARI, Google Académico y Elsevier con los siguientes términos MeSH: «Artificial intelligence¼, «Machine Learning¼, «Algorithm¼, «Cardiology¼, «Heart Failure¼, «Heart Failure/diagnosis¼, y «Heart Failure/prevention and control¼. Se incluyeron artículos de revisión bibliográfica, casos y controles, artículos originales, revisiones sistemáticas con metaanálisis de 2018 a 2024, en los idiomas inglés y español. No se utilizó inteligencia artificial en la elaboración de este documento. La inteligencia artificial permite estratificar el riesgo de insuficiencia cardíaca y facilita su diagnóstico oportuno a través del análisis de técnicas de imagen cardíaca
Congestive heart failure has become a growing public health problem. Reducing the high cost of congestive heart failure is challenging, as it progresses silently for years before diagnosis, especially in people with high cardiovascular risk and who do not control predisposing factors. New technological advances such as artificial intelligence offer solutions to these problems. Therefore, in this narrative review we determine the application of machine learning for risk identification and diagnosis of heart failure. The search was carried out in English and Spanish in the databases PubMed, HINARI, Google Scholar and Elsevier with the following MeSH terms: «Artificial intelligence¼, «Machine Learning¼, «Algorithm¼, «Cardiology¼, «Heart Failure¼, «Heart Failure/diagnosis¼, and «Heart Failure/prevention and control¼. We considered original articles, meta-analyses, literature reviews, and systematic reviews, including both cases and controls, published within the last seven years. No artificial intelligence was used in the preparation of this document. Artificial intelligence allows for risk assessment of heart failure and facilitates its timely diagnosis through the analysis of cardiac imaging techniques
Subject(s)
Artificial Intelligence , Machine Learning , Heart Failure , Diagnosis , Risk , El Salvador , Cardiac Imaging TechniquesABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the circulation patterns of respiratory viruses from January 2023 to May 2024 and to describe their epidemiological characteristics in the city of Fortaleza based on data obtained by molecular tests based on real-time PCR (qPCR).Method: This retrospective epidemiological study was conducted to investigate patterns of infection by influenza A/B virus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2, and the prevalence and incidence of these respiratory viruses in the city of Fortaleza from January 2023 to May 2024.Result: There was a significant difference in the distribution of total positive cases and the demand for molecular tests between the periods analyzed (p<0.05). A significant difference was also observed between the total number of infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 and infections caused by Influenza (p=0.0041) and RSV (p=0.0012) in the same period. No significant differences were observed between influenza and RSV during the study period. The monthly infection rates revealed a seasonal trend in the incidence of infections caused by influenza and RSV.Conclusion: The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 detection in relation to the number of positive results showed a considerable decline in the first half of 2024, with an increase in the number of infections caused by influenza virus and RSV. In this way, we evidenced a change in the pattern of viral circulation of the three respiratory viruses, revealing the reestablishment of the seasonality and incidence of influenza A/B virus and RSV for the first time after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Objetivo: Investigar os padrões de circulação para vírus respiratórios no período de janeiro de 2023 a maio de 2024 e descrever suas características epidemiológicas na cidade de Fortaleza, a partir de dados obtidos por testes moleculares baseados em PCR em tempo real (qPCR). Método: Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico retrospectivo para investigar padrões de infecções por influenza A/B, Vírus Sincicial Respiratório (VSR) e SARS-CoV-2, a prevalência e incidência desses vírus respiratórios na cidade Fortaleza de janeiro de 2023 a maio de 2024.Resultado: Houve diferença significativa na distribuição de casos positivos totais e na demanda por exames moleculares entre os períodos analisados (p < 0,05). Também foi observada diferença significativa entre o total de infecções causadas por SARS-CoV-2 e as infecções causadas por Influenza (p = 0,0041) e VSR (p = 0,0012) em um mesmo período. Não foram verificadas diferenças estatísticas entre as infecções causadas por influenza e RSV nos períodos analisados. As taxas de infecções mensais revelaram uma tendência sazonal na incidência de infecções provocadas por influenza e VSR.Conclusão: A proporção na detecção de SARS-CoV-2 em relação ao número resultados positivos apresentou considerável declínio no primeiro semestre de 2024, com aumento de detecções de Influenza A/B e VSR. Dessa forma, evidenciamos uma mudança no padrão de circulação de vírus respiratórios, revelando o restabelecimento do padrão de prevalência e sazonalidade dos vírus influenza A/B e VSR na cidade Fortaleza após a pandemia de COVID-19.
Subject(s)
Humans , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses , Viruses , Epidemiologic Studies , Incidence , Herpesvirus 1, Cercopithecine , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2 , Infections , Orthomyxoviridae , Reference Standards , Seasons , Prevalence , Returning State , Diagnosis , Influenza, Human , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Influenza in Birds , MethodsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant clinical and public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite the magnitude of PPD, early detection, treatment, and prevention of PPD remain a challenge in Ethiopia. This study aims to assess the magnitude and associated factors of PPD among women visiting the postnatal clinic at Tirunesh Beijing Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHOD: A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 396 women attending the postnatal clinic at the hospital. Depressive symptoms were assessed using a locally pre-validated Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive analysis was employed for socio-demographic characteristics and to determine the magnitude of PPD. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with PPD. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed, and a p-value cut-off <0.05 was used to consider the significance of associations. RESULT: In this study, 24% of women experienced postpartum depression. Mothers aged 2530 years were less likely to develop PPD (AOR=0.07, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.24). Women who were illiterate (AOR=4.8, 95% CI: 1.92, 14.52), those who experienced intimate partner violence (AOR=7.1, 95% CI: 2.76, 16.12), had unwanted or unplanned pregnancies (AOR=6.1, 95% CI: 2.01, 13.25), had low-birth-weight babies (AOR=3.2, 95% CI: 1.29, 12.84), and those with poor family support (AOR=3.4, 95% CI: 1.40, 10.92) were significantly associated with postpartum depression. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of postpartum depression was higher among mothers visiting the postnatal clinic. This highlights the need for targeted interventions addressing the needs of postpartum women who experience various risk factors. Further well-designed and representative studies are recommended to inform policy and devise targeted strategies to address PPD.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Therapeutics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Depression, Postpartum , Parturition , Pregnant Women , Depression , Postpartum Period , DiagnosisABSTRACT
Introducción: El asma es una enfermedad heterogénea, caracterizada por la inflamación crónica de las vías respiratorias. El uso de los corticoides sistémicos como tratamiento de las crisis de asma constituye una práctica frecuente en los últimos 60 años y en pacientes refractarios a terapia estándar con corticoides inhalados a dosis altas asociado a beta dos agonistas de acción prolongada; sin embargo, el uso de esta terapia está asociado a efectos adversos, principalmente al uso de dosis excesivas, entendidas estas como dos o más ciclos de corticoides al año. Métodos: El objetivo de este estudio es describir los patrones y frecuencia de uso de los corticoides orales (CO) en pacientes con diagnóstico de asma a partir del uso de regis- tros administrativos de prestaciones de salud. Se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo, lon- gitudinal, retrospectivo para el periodo 2016 a 2020. Resultados: Se identificó un patrón de sobreuso de CO, posiblemente relacionado a la falta de claridad frente a los criterios de prescripción y tiempo de uso. Adicionalmente, se documentó la presencia de posibles efectos adversos asociados al uso de CO. Conclusiones: Lo anterior evidencia la necesidad de definir de manera precisa las indi- caciones y las restricciones frente al uso de esta terapia, incentivar el uso de manejos controladores óptimos para evitar crisis asmáticas y realizar un seguimiento clínico es- tricto a los pacientes que requieran el uso de CO.
Introduction: Asthma, characterized by chronic airway inflammation, is primarily treated with inhaled corticosteroids and other medications based on disease severity. For the past 60 years, systemic corticosteroids have been used to treat asthma attacks in patients who do not respond to standard therapy. However, this approach is associated with adverse effects. Methods: This study, based on medical records, aimed to describe the frequency of oral corticosteroid (OC) use in asthma patients. Results: A pattern of OC overuse was identified, possibly related to the lack of clarity regarding prescription criteria and time of use. In addition, the presence of possible adverse effects associated with the use of OC was documented. Conclusion: This shows the need to precisely define the indications for and restrictions to applying this therapy, to encourage optimal control management to avoid asthmatic crisis, and carry out a strict clinical follow-up of patients requiring the use of OC.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adult , Middle Aged , Asthma/drug therapy , Status Asthmaticus/prevention & control , Database Management Systems , Health Systems , Medical Records/statistics & numerical data , Morbidity , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Colombia , DiagnosisABSTRACT
La falla en un adecuado progreso pondoestatural es frecuente, sobre todo en lactantes y niños pequeños, por diferentes causas. Su detección temprana, previa al diagnóstico de desnutrición, mediante una correcta evaluación nutricional, evitará complicaciones a corto y largo plazo. La presente revisión narrativa describe los diferentes componentes a considerar en dicha evaluación: historia clínica (anamnesis), hallazgos físicos centrados en la nutrición, mediciones antropométricas y datos bioquímicos. La interpretación de los datos antropométricos, su tendencia en el tiempo y su duración, describirán el grado de afectación nutricional y su evolución (aguda menor a tres meses y crónica mayor de tres meses). Esta información determina las bases para una oportuna intervención nutricional por parte del pediatra o bien, la derivación al especialista cuando ésta sea necesaria
Failure to achieve adequate weight and height progress is common, especially in infants and young children, for different reasons. Its early detection, prior to the diagnosis of malnutrition, through a correct nutritional evaluation, will avoid short- and long-term complications. The present narrative review describes the different components to be considered in this evaluation: anamnesis (clinical history, history related to feed/nutrition), physical findings focused on nutrition, anthropometric measurements and biochemical data. The interpretation of the anthropometric data, its trend over time, and its duration will describe the degree of nutritional impairment and its evolution (acute less than three months and chronic more than three months). This information determines the basis for timely nutritional intervention by the pediatrician or referral to a specialist when necessary
Subject(s)
Nutrition Assessment , Malnutrition , DiagnosisABSTRACT
En los últimos años, diversas organizaciones y sociedades científicas nacionales e internacionales han reconocido y declarado a la obesidad como enfermedad. Sin embargo, desde las políticas sanitarias públicas y privadas su falta de reconocimiento como tal, restringe el acceso de la población al diagnóstico y tratamiento. En este camino, la Asociación Europea para el Estudio de la Obesidad (EASO) dio a conocer los lineamientos de la nueva definición de la obesidad, contemplando su diagnóstico, estadificación y manejo. Es oportuno reconocer a la obesidad como una enfermedad en sí misma y no un mero factor de riesgo de otras enfermedades. Lógicamente, esta se desprende que patologías tales como diabetes hipertensión y algunos tipos canceres tienen su base fisiopatológica en la adiposopatiÌa, lo que relaciona al concepto de obesidad propuesto por la Asociación Americana de Endocrinología Clínica ABCD, Adiposity Based Chronic Disease. Limitar la interpretación de la obesidad a un simple factor de riesgo restringe su abordaje. Nuestro objetivo es resumir esta nueva propuesta algorítmica realizada por EASO, la cual representa un primer paso hacia la publicación del documento definitivo de la Comisión de Lancet en Obesidad Clínica estimada para el año 2025
In recent years, different national and international organizations and scientific societies have recognized and declared obesity as a disease. However, from public and private health policies, its lack of recognition as such restricts the population's access to diagnosis and treatment. Along these lines, the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) released the guidelines for the new definition of obesity contemplating its diagnosis, staging and management. It is timely to recognize obesity as a disease in itself and not a mere risk factor for other diseases. Logically, it follows those pathologies such as diabetes, hypertension and some types of cancer have their pathophysiological basis in adiposopathy, which relates to the concept of obesity proposed by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology - ABCD, Adiposity Based Chronic Disease. Limiting the interpretation of obesity to a simple risk factor restricts the approach that it warrants. Our objective is to summarize this new algorithmic proposal made by EASO, which represents a first step towards the publication of the definitive document of the Lancet Commission on Clinical Obesity estimated for the year 2025
Subject(s)
Organizations , Precision Medicine , Obesity , Association , Societies, Scientific , Therapeutics , Diagnosis , Health PolicyABSTRACT
Jornal na sua 12ª edição (dezembro 2024) com análise e elaboração de conteúdo pela Gerência de IST/AIDS e Gerência de Hepatites Virais - SES-RJ.
Subject(s)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Hepatitis , Diagnosis , Health ServicesABSTRACT
Introducción. La acalasia, caracterizada por dismotilidad esofágica, plantea desafíos diagnósticos debido a su presentación variada y baja prevalencia. Aunque su etiología sigue siendo incierta, se implica una disregulación autoinmune. Métodos. Desde una posición reflexiva, se realizó un análisis crítico de la información disponible en las bases de datos, estableciendo las diferentes opciones diagnósticas para acalasia. Resultados. Distinguir la acalasia de afecciones similares, como la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico, es crucial. Los síntomas clave incluyen disfagia, regurgitación, pirosis, dolor retroesternal y pérdida de peso, lo que a menudo conduce a un diagnóstico tardío. Los métodos complementarios abarcan la endoscopia digestiva alta, estudios baritados del esófago, manometría esofágica y tecnologías emergentes, como la sonda de imagen endoluminal funcional (EndoFLIP™). Conclusión. Comprender la presentación clínica de la acalasia y utilizar las modalidades diagnósticas correspondientes facilitan la identificación rápida y el manejo personalizado, asegurando resultados óptimos para los pacientes afectados.
Introduction. Achalasia, characterized by esophageal dysmotility, poses diagnostic challenges due to its varied presentation and low prevalence. While its etiology remains uncertain, autoimmune dysregulation is implicated. Method. From a reflective position, a critical analysis of the information available in the databases was carried out, establishing the different diagnostic options for achalasia. Results. Distinguishing achalasia from similar conditions, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, is crucial. Key symptoms include dysphagia, regurgitation, heartburn, substernal pain, and weight loss, often leading to delayed diagnosis. Complementary diagnostic methods include upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, barium studies, esophageal manometry, and emerging technologies, like Endoluminal Functional Luminal Imaging Probe (EndoFLIP™). Conclusion. Understanding the clinical presentation of achalasia and using appropriate diagnostic modalities facilitate rapid identification and personalized management, ensuring optimal outcomes for affected patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Esophageal Motility Disorders , Endoscopy, Digestive System , Manometry , Esophageal Achalasia , Diagnosis , Esophageal DiseasesABSTRACT
O câncer de boca é o sexto câncer mais comum em todo o mundo e representa um problema global crescente. Apesar disso, 70% desses cânceres são diagnosticados em estágios avançados, reforçando a importância de estratégias para prevenção e detecção precoce do câncer. Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a aplicabilidade de estratégias para detecção precoce do câncer de boca. Como existem diversas revisões sistemáticas já publicadas sobre o tema, a proposta é realizar uma revisão guarda-chuva das revisões sistemáticas. As buscas realizadas nas bases de dados resultaram em 2145 artigos, e outras fontes de informações acrescentaram mais 114 artigos. Após a detecção de artigos duplicados eletrônica e manualmente, em conjunto com a primeira fase da revisão, 83 artigos foram selecionados para a segunda fase da revisão. Por fim, 46 revisões sistemáticas foram incluídas neste estudo, tendo 9 artigos sido considerados confiáveis para sumarização da evidência atual. Artigos cuja estratégia foi de exame clínico convencional realizado por profissionais treinados e estudos em que houve um maior acesso dos indivíduos à saúde bucal, apresentaram um resultado mais preciso, confiável e custo-efetivo na avaliação dos grupos de indivíduos de alto risco. Em geral, os métodos auxiliares que apresentaram resultados promissores foram aqueles à base de autofluorescência e citopatologia. As estratégias de rastreamento não devem ser descartadas, uma vez que ainda há uma carência de estudos de alta qualidade nesse tema.
Subject(s)
Mouth Neoplasms , Mass Screening , Morbidity , Mortality , Early Diagnosis , DiagnosisABSTRACT
Combater as desigualdades e iniquidades em saúde exige uma abordagem abrangente e colaborativa. Para tal, é necessário investir em sistemas universais de saúde, acessíveis e de qualidade, com foco na população vulnerabilizada. Políticas públicas efetivas devem ser implementadas para abordar as disparidades socioeconômicas, de gênero e étnicas, que afetam a saúde das pessoas. Nesse sentido, as Experiências Latino-americanas podem ser bem diferentes considerando a organização dos sistemas de saúde, mas que precisam ser conhecidas pensando nos desafios de desenvolvimento econômico e social no "Sul Global". Esta obra está organizada em três partes. A primeira é composta por três capítulos iniciais que trazem perspectivas de análise para o tema da desigualdade e das iniquidades em saúde na América Latina e o Caribe, a categoria "questão social" enquanto expressão das desigualdades e política social de saúde brasileira e o tema sobre as vulnerabilidades, a determinação social e a APS. Os capítulos visam contribuir para o debate mais conceitual, como pano de fundo para o livro. A segunda parte é composta por sete capítulos que abordam experiências do território nacional, e a terceira é formada por cinco capítulos que abordam experiências internacionais nos países de Chile, Colômbia e Perú. Esperamos que esta obra se constitua como um recurso educativo para pesquisadores, profissionais de saúde, gestores e formuladores de políticas, promovendo reflexões coletivas, críticas e profundas sobre o que é e o que deveria ser a APS no contexto sociopolítico latino-americano e caribenho de hoje e como poderia contribuir para reduzir disparidades e iniquidades em saúde.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Public Policy , Health Inequities , Primary Health Care , Socioeconomic Factors , Health Systems , Economic Development , Health Personnel , Diagnosis , Empathy , Socioeconomic Disparities in HealthABSTRACT
Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize the main characteristics of this disease in relation to diagnosis, clinical aspects, progression and treatment as well as correlating them with remission time. Material and Methods: A systematic search was performed following the guidelines given by PRISMA and the Joanna Briggs Institute. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were the databases used. Results: The final analysis resulted in 108 articles with 173 clinical cases. The longest remission time for signs and symptoms (>7 weeks) was registered among male patients (p = 0.02) and outside the oral cavity; however no significant correlation was observed (p>0.05). A high risk of bias was the most common rating among the articles analyzed (55%); followed by moderate (27%) and low (18%). The lack of standardization in clinical case report descriptions made it difficult to gain a thorough knowledge of the essential characteristics of the NS patho-logical processes. Conclusion: It is recommended that publications follow the standards recommended by the literature; in addition, studies using advanced technologies to better understand NS's pathological path are recommended so as to propose effective treatments for this disease. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Salivary Glands , Sialometaplasia, Necrotizing , Evidence-Based Dentistry , Pathology, Oral , DiagnosisABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: determinar la validez y fiabilidad de la cervicometría y el índice de Bishop para diagnóstico de amenaza de parto prematuro MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio retrospectivo, cuantitativo, analítico para validación de un test diagnóstico. MUESTRA: el estudio incluye 185 embarazadas con feto único, de 22 a 37 semanas con estudio de cervicometría, en el periodo de enero a marzo del 2019. RESULTADOS: la frecuencia de parto prematuro en gestantes con diagnóstico de amenaza de parto prematuro fue de 27 % con mayor prevalencia en mujeres con 4 o más partos. La evaluación de la cervicometría para diagnóstico de amenaza de parto prematuro tiene una sensibilidad de 66.0%, especificidad 94.8%, Valor Predictivo (+) 82.5%, y Valor Predictivo (-) 88.3%. La evaluación del índice de Bishop una sensibilidad de 4.0%, especificidad 99.3%, Valor Predictivo (+) 66.7% y Valor Predictivo (-) 73.6%. El índice de concordancia entre la cervicometría y el índice de Bishop es ínfima de 0.017. El área bajo la curva ROC para cervicometría en relación con el diagnóstico final de parto prematuro fue de 0.905, con un mejor punto de corte 30.5 mm que corresponde a una sensibilidad de 90.4 % y una especificidad de 78.0 %. CONCLUSIÓN: se concluye que la concordancia entre la cervicometría y el índice de Bishop para diagnóstico de amenaza de parto prematuro es ínfima
In this study, the researchers aimed to determine the validity and reliability of cervicometry and the Bishop score for diagnosing threatened preterm labor in the high-risk obstetric service at the Hospital de la Mujer in La Paz during the period from January to March 2019. The study included pregnant women, and the results showed varying sensitivities and specificities for cervicometry and the Bishop score. The concordance between these two methods was found to be minimal. OBJECTIVE: to determine the validity and reliability of cervicometry and the Bishop score to diagnose threatened preterm labor. MATERIAL AND METHODS: retrospective, quantitative, and analytical study to validate a diagnostic test. SAMPLE: the study included 185 pregnant women with a single fetus, at gestational ages between 22 and 37 weeks, who underwent cervicometry assessment during the period from January to March 2019. RESULTS: the frequency of preterm labor in pregnant women diagnosed with threatened preterm labor was 27%, with higher prevalence in women with 4 or more previous deliveries. Cervicometry evaluation to diagnose threatened preterm labor showed a sensitivity of 66.0%, specificity of 94.8%, positive predictive value (+) of 82.5%, and negative predictive value (-) of 88.3%. Bishop score evaluation had a sensitivity of 4.0%, a specificity of 99.3%, a positive predictive value (+) of 66.7%, and a negative predictive value (-) of 73.6%. The concordance index between cervicometry and the Bishop score was minimal (0.017). The area under the ROC curve for cervicometry in relation to the final diagnosis of preterm labor was 0.905, with an optimal cutoff point of 30.5 mm, corresponding to a sensitivity of 90.4% and specificity of 78.0%. CONCLUSION: the concordance between cervicometry and the Bishop score to diagnose threatened preterm labor is minimal
Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Obstetric Labor, Premature , Pregnant Women , DiagnosisABSTRACT
Introducción. Mycobacterium chelonae y los complejos Mycobacterium avium y M. abscessus, son agentes patógenos emergentes causantes de micobacteriosis. El tratamiento de esta infección depende de la especie y la subespecie identificadas. Los fármacos de elección son los macrólidos y aminoglucósidos, contra los cuales se ha reportado resistencia; por esta razón, el determinar el perfil de sensibilidad le permite al médico tratante comprender mejor el pronóstico y la evolución de estas infecciones. Objetivo. Describir los perfiles de sensibilidad ante macrólidos y aminoglucósidos, de los cultivos identificados como complejo Mycobacterium avium, complejo M. abscessus o especie M. chelonae, en el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Micobacterias durante los años 2018 a 2022. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo del perfil de sensibilidad a macrólidos y aminoglucósidos, de los cultivos identificados como complejo M. avium, complejo M. abscessus o M. chelonae, mediante la metodología GenoType® NTM-DR. Resultados. Los cultivos del complejo M. avium fueron 159 (47,3 %), de los cuales, 154 (96,9 %) fueron sensibles y 5 (3,1 %) resistentes a los macrólidos; todos fueron sensibles a los aminoglucósidos. Del complejo M. abscessus se estudiaron 125 (37,2 %) cultivos, 68 (54,4 %) resultaron sensibles y 57 (45,6 %) resistentes a los macrólidos; solo un cultivo (0,8 %) fue resistente a los aminoglucósidos. De M. chelonae se analizaron 52 cultivos (15,5 %), todos sensibles a los macrólidos y aminoglucósidos. Conclusiones. En las tres especies de micobacterias estudiadas, la resistencia contra la amikacina fue la menos frecuente. La identificación de las subespecies y los perfiles de sensibilidad permiten instaurar esquemas de tratamiento adecuados, especialmente en las micobacteriosis causadas por M. abscessus.
Introduction. The Mycobacterium chelonae species and the M. avium and M. abscessus complexes are emerging pathogens that cause mycobacteriosis. Treatment depends on the species and subspecies identified. The drugs of choice are macrolides and aminoglycosides. However, due to the resistance identified to these drugs, determining the microbe's sensitivity profile will allow clinicians to improve the understanding of the prognosis and evolution of these pathologies. Objective. To describe the macrolide and aminoglycoside susceptibility profile of cultures identified by Colombia's Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Mycobacteria from 2018 to 2022, as Mycobacterium avium complex, M. abscessus complex, and M. chelonae. Materials and methods. This descriptive study exposes the susceptibility profile to macrolides and aminoglycosides of cultures identified as M. avium complex, M. abscessus complex, and M. chelonae using the GenoType® NTM-DR method. Results. We identified 159 (47.3 %) cultures as M. avium complex, of which 154 (96.9 %) were sensitive to macrolides, and 5 (3.1 %) were resistant; all were sensitive to aminoglycosides. From the 125 (37.2 %) cultures identified as M. abscessus complex, 68 (54.4 %) were sensitive to macrolides, 57 (45.6 %) were resistant to aminoglycosides, and just one (0.8 %) showed resistance to aminoglycosides. The 52 cultures (15.5 %) identified as M. chelonae were sensitive to macrolides and aminoglycosides. Conclusions. The three studied species of mycobacteria have the least resistance to Amikacin. Subspecies identification and their susceptibility profiles allow the establishment of appropriate treatment schemes, especially against M. abscessus.
Subject(s)
Humans , Therapeutics , Mycobacterium chelonae , Mycobacterium abscessus , Mycobacterium avium , Mycobacterium Infections , Macrolides , Diagnosis , Aminoglycosides , Nontuberculous MycobacteriaABSTRACT
O melanoma oral é uma neoplasia maligna de melanócitos, caracterizada por um comportamento agressivo e prognóstico extremamente reservado. Melanomas na cavidade oral são raros e geralmente são diagnosticados em estágio avançado, reduzindo a sobrevida dos pacientes. O objetivo desta revisão narrativa de literatura é compilar os aspectos essenciais do melanoma oral e demais pigmentações para orientar o diagnóstico precoce pelo cirurgião-dentista. Realizou-se uma pesquisa nas bases de dados Pubmed, Embase, Lilacs e Cochrane. O melanoma oral apresenta-se como uma mácula ou nódulo, de coloração castanha ou preta, podendo demonstrar variações na cor e até mesmo despigmentações. Ele tem predileção pelo palato e pela gengiva maxilar, usualmente é assintomático, e aparenta acometer ligeiramente mais o sexo masculino, especialmente entre a 4ª e 7ª décadas de vida. Apesar de possuir características clínicas similares com o melanoma cutâneo, são consideradas variantes distintas. O cirurgião-dentista deve conhecer as principais características clínicas do melanoma oral e demais pigmentações da cavidade oral a fim de realizar o diagnóstico precoce da neoplasia e conduzir o caso adequadamente.
Oral melanoma is a malignant neoplasm of melanocytes, characterized by aggressive behavior and an extremely poor prognosis. Melanomas in the oral cavity are rare and are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, reducing patient survival. The aim of this narrative literature review is to compile the essential aspects of oral melanoma and other pigmentations to guide early diagnosis by the dentist. Comprehensive searches were conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, and Cochrane databases. Oral melanoma typically presents as a macule or nodule, brown or black in color, and may show variations in color and even depigmentation. It has a predilection for the palate and maxillary gingiva, is usually asymptomatic, and affects slightly more males, especially between the 4th and 7th decades of life. Although they share similar clinical characteristics with cutaneous melanoma, they are considered distinct variants. Dentists must be aware of the main clinical characteristics of oral melanoma and other pigmentations of the oral cavity to make an early diagnosis of the neoplasm and manage the case appropriately.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pathology, Oral , Diagnosis , Melanoma , NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors constitute a family of mesenchymal tumors characterized by the concomitant expression of melanocytic and muscular markers. Gynecological perivascular epithelioid cell tumors are rare, encompassing about 25% of cases. Studies demonstrate an even rarer occurrence in the uterine cervix. In this article, we report a case of malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumors of the uterine cervix in a young patient, managed with total hysterectomy with unilateral salpingo- oophorectomy (due to suspected neoplasic involvement of the right ovary) and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy. Due to limited data, diagnosing these tumors is challenging. Given the uncertain biological behavior of this neoplasm, they should be considered potentially malignant and require long-term follow-up, despite the potential for late local recurrence and distant metastases. Surgical treatment involving complete resection of the lesion with clear margins remains the recommended option for this type of tumor until more consistent evidence can support adjuvant treatments.
Os tumores perivasculares de células epitelióides constituem uma família de tumores mesenquimais caracterizados pela expressão concomitante de marcadores melanocíticos e musculares. Tumores perivasculares de células epitelióides ginecológicos são raros, abrangendo cerca de 25% dos casos. Estudos demonstram uma ocorrência ainda mais rara no colo uterino. Neste artigo, relatamos um caso de tumor perivascular de células epitelióides maligno do colo uterino em paciente jovem, tratado com histerectomia total com salpingo-ooforectomia unilateral (por suspeita de envolvimento neoplásico do ovário direito) e linfadenectomia pélvica bilateral. Devido aos dados limitados, diagnosticar esses tumores é um desafio. Dado o comportamento biológico incerto desta neoplasia, devem ser consideradas potencialmente malignas e requerem seguimento a longo prazo, apesar do potencial de recorrência local tardia e metástases à distância. O tratamento cirúrgico envolvendo ressecção completa da lesão com margens claras continua sendo a opção recomendada para esse tipo de tumor até que evidências mais consistentes possam apoiar tratamentos adjuvantes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Ovary , Cervix Uteri , Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasms , Hysterectomy , Patients , Therapeutics , Diagnosis , Salpingo-oophorectomy , Lymph Node ExcisionABSTRACT
Introduction. Choric obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third mortality cause in the world, and the development of useful diagnostic tools is necessary to improve timely diagnostic rates in primary care settings. Objective. To develop a web application displaying spirometric and clinical information - including respiratory symptoms and risk factors- to facilitate a COPD diagnosis. Materials and methods. In this cross-sectional study, an expert consensus was carried out with three specialists using the Delphi method to choose the relevant variables for COPD diagnosis. We developed a Python-based web application to diagnose COPD, displaying the clinical variables deemed relevant by the experts along the spirometric curve. Results. Twenty-six clinical variables were included in the web application for the diagnosis of COPD. A fourth expert used the web application to classify a cohort of 695 patients who had undergone spirometry in a third-level centre and had answered at least one of five questionnaires for COPD screening. Out of the 695 subjects, 34% had COPD, according to the expert that diagnosed them using the web application. Only 42% of the patients in the COPD group had received a previous COPD diagnosis and 19% of the patients in the no COPD group had been misdiagnosed with the disease. Conclusion. We developed a web application that displays demographic and clinical information, as well as spirometric data, to facilitate the process of diagnosing COPD in primary care settings.
Introducción. La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es la tercera causa de mortalidad en el mundo y es necesario el desarrollo de herramientas diagnósticas útiles para mejorar las tasas de diagnóstico oportuno en los entornos de atención primaria. Objetivo. Desarrollar una aplicación web que muestre la información clínica y de la espirometría -incluyendo síntomas respiratorios y factores de riesgo- para facilitar el diagnóstico de la EPOC. Materiales y métodos. En este estudio transversal se realizó un consenso de expertos con tres especialistas usando el método Delphi para elegir las variables relevantes para el diagnóstico de EPOC. Se desarrolló una aplicación web basada en Python que muestra la información clínica relevante según los expertos, junto con la curva y los datos de la espirometría para el diagnóstico de la EPOC. Resultados. Se incluyeron 26 variables clínicas para el diagnóstico de la EPOC. Un cuarto experto utilizó la aplicación web para clasificar una cohorte de 695 pacientes a los que se les había realizado una espirometría en un centro de tercer nivel y que habían contestado al menos uno de los cinco cuestionarios para la detección de la EPOC. De los 695 sujetos, el 34 % tenían EPOC según el experto que les diagnosticó usando la aplicación web. Sólo el 42 % de los pacientes del grupo con EPOC había recibido un diagnóstico previo de la enfermedad y el 19 % de los pacientes del grupo sin EPOC había sido diagnosticado erróneamente con la enfermedad. Conclusión. Se desarrolló una aplicación web que muestra información demográfica y clínica, así como datos espirométricos, para facilitar el proceso de diagnóstico de la EPOC en entornos de atención primaria.
Subject(s)
Humans , Spirometry , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Diagnosis , Data AccuracyABSTRACT
A prevalência de quedas entre pessoas idosas tem aumentado significativamente. Com o avanço da tecnologia, os smartphones têm se consolidado como ferramentas importantes para a saúde e prevenção de doenças. Diversos aplicativos foram desenvolvidos para detectar quedas e oferecer suporte a essa população. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo é mapear os aplicativos disponíveis para smartphones que são voltados para a detecção de quedas em pessoas idosas. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão de escopo, realizado nas lojas Google Play® e App Store®, utilizando as seguintes palavras-chave: "Aplicativos móveis" / "Mobile App" / "queda + idosos" / "fall + elderly" / "Elderly, senior + fall detection" / "idoso + detector de quedas". Foram identificados 7 aplicativos destinados à detecção de quedas. Todos os aplicativos oferecem alerta de queda e fornecem a localização da pessoa que sofreu a queda ao contato de emergência designado. No entanto, a predominância do idioma inglês e a limitação das funcionalidades nas versões gratuitas representam barreiras significativas para a população brasileira.(AU)
The prevalence of falls among elderly people has increased significantly. With the advancement of technology, smartphones have become important tools for health and disease prevention. Various apps have been developed to detect falls and provide support to this population. In this context, the objective of this study is to map the smartphone apps available for fall detection in elderly individuals. This is a scoping review study conducted on the Google Play® and App Store® platforms, using the following keywords: "Mobile Apps" / "Mobile App" / "fall + elderly" / "fall + elderly" / "Elderly, senior + fall detection" / "elderly + fall detector." Seven apps designed for fall detection were identified. All apps provide fall alerts and send the location of the person who fell to the designated emergency contact. However, the predominance of English and the limitations of functionalities in free versions present significant barriers for the Brazilian population.(AU)