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1.
Zhonghua xinxueguanbing zazhi ; (12): 58-63, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1045789

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore the feasibility of using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography for measuring right ventricular strain and function in healthy adults, and to analyze the impact of age and gender. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. Healthy adults who underwent physical examination in the Physical Examination Center of Beijing Hospital from January 1, 2020 to January 1, 2021 were included. Two researchers independently measured various right ventricular longitudinal strain indices using the Echopac software, including (global longitudinal strain (GLS), apical longitudinal strain (ALS), midventricle longitudinal strain (MLS), basal longitudinal strain (BLS), free wall GLS (FWGLS), free wall ALS (FWALS), free wall MLS (FWMLS) and free wall BLS (FWBLS)) as well as tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and right ventricle-fraction of area change (RVFAC). The above indicators were taken as the average of two physicians. The consistency of the measurements by two physicians was evaluated by the within-group correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: A total of 233 subjects were included, including 137 males, aged (58.5±14.2) years. ICC values was all above 0.8 with excellent agreement. The values of FWGLS and GLS in healthy adults were -26.63% and -21.89%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in TAPSE ((2.06±0.41)cm vs. (2.10±0.39)cm, P=0.510) and RVFAC ((51.17±9.91)% vs. (50.89±8.65)%, P=0.826) between males and females. The values of various right ventricular long axis strain indicators (GLS, ALS, MLS, BLS, FWGLS, FWMLS, FWMLS, FWBLS) in females aged 18 to 40 and 41 to 65 years were higher than those in males of the same age (all P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in the values of various right ventricular long axis strain indicators between the sexes in subjects aged 65 years and above (all P>0.05). In females, the right ventricular GLS, ALS, MLS, FWGLS, FWALS, FWMLS, and FWBLS values in the groups aged 18 to 40 and 41 to 65 years were significantly higher than those in the group aged 65 years and above (all P<0.05). In contrast, no significant differences were found in these indices among different age groups in males (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Using two-dimensional speckle tracking technology in echocardiography to measure right ventricular strain indicators is feasible and highly reproducible. Gender and age have an impact on right ventricular strain indicators.


Subject(s)
Adult , Male , Female , Humans , Ventricular Function, Right , Cross-Sectional Studies , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis , Echocardiography/methods , Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imaging , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right
2.
Zhonghua xinxueguanbing zazhi ; (12): 58-63, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1046112

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore the feasibility of using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography for measuring right ventricular strain and function in healthy adults, and to analyze the impact of age and gender. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. Healthy adults who underwent physical examination in the Physical Examination Center of Beijing Hospital from January 1, 2020 to January 1, 2021 were included. Two researchers independently measured various right ventricular longitudinal strain indices using the Echopac software, including (global longitudinal strain (GLS), apical longitudinal strain (ALS), midventricle longitudinal strain (MLS), basal longitudinal strain (BLS), free wall GLS (FWGLS), free wall ALS (FWALS), free wall MLS (FWMLS) and free wall BLS (FWBLS)) as well as tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and right ventricle-fraction of area change (RVFAC). The above indicators were taken as the average of two physicians. The consistency of the measurements by two physicians was evaluated by the within-group correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: A total of 233 subjects were included, including 137 males, aged (58.5±14.2) years. ICC values was all above 0.8 with excellent agreement. The values of FWGLS and GLS in healthy adults were -26.63% and -21.89%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in TAPSE ((2.06±0.41)cm vs. (2.10±0.39)cm, P=0.510) and RVFAC ((51.17±9.91)% vs. (50.89±8.65)%, P=0.826) between males and females. The values of various right ventricular long axis strain indicators (GLS, ALS, MLS, BLS, FWGLS, FWMLS, FWMLS, FWBLS) in females aged 18 to 40 and 41 to 65 years were higher than those in males of the same age (all P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in the values of various right ventricular long axis strain indicators between the sexes in subjects aged 65 years and above (all P>0.05). In females, the right ventricular GLS, ALS, MLS, FWGLS, FWALS, FWMLS, and FWBLS values in the groups aged 18 to 40 and 41 to 65 years were significantly higher than those in the group aged 65 years and above (all P<0.05). In contrast, no significant differences were found in these indices among different age groups in males (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Using two-dimensional speckle tracking technology in echocardiography to measure right ventricular strain indicators is feasible and highly reproducible. Gender and age have an impact on right ventricular strain indicators.


Subject(s)
Adult , Male , Female , Humans , Ventricular Function, Right , Cross-Sectional Studies , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis , Echocardiography/methods , Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imaging , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right
3.
In. Taranto, Eliseo; Nuñez, Edgardo. Esenciales en emergencia y trauma. Montevideo, Bibliomédica, 2024. p.323-342, ilus, tab.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1567463
4.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 37(3): e20240060, jul.-set. 2024. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1578546

ABSTRACT

A oclusão percutânea de apêndice atrial esquerdo (AAE) é uma alternativa à anticoagulação oral para pacientes com fibrilação atrial (FA) ou flutter, com risco elevado para eventos cardioembólicos, porém com histórico ou risco elevado de sangramento. Nos últimos anos, têm sido desenvolvidas novas gerações de dispositivos oclusores, que, somadas à maior experiência dos operadores, tornaram o procedimento seguro quando bem indicado. O estudo ecocardiográfico transesofágico tem papel central na avaliação da morfologia do AAE, seleção do tamanho dos dispositivos, assim como no monitoramento com imagem durante o procedimento cardiovascular estrutural. (AU)


Percutaneous occlusion of the left atrial appendage (LAA) is an alternative to oral anticoagulation for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or flutter who have high risk of cardioembolic events, but with a history or high risk of bleeding. In recent years, new generations of occluder devices have been developed, which, combined with greater experience of operators, have made it a safe procedure when properly indicated. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) plays a central role in assessing the morphology of the LAA, selecting device size, and image monitoring during the structural cardiovascular procedure. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis , Atrial Appendage/surgery , Atrial Appendage/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Occlusion/therapy , Thromboembolism/complications , Echocardiography/methods , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Vascular Closure Devices/adverse effects , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage
6.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 37(3): e20240059, jul.-set. 2024. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1586712

ABSTRACT

A ecocardiografia é o método diagnóstico mais usado para aferição de índices de função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo (VE), permitindo a estimativa rápida, disponível e não invasiva de parâmetros como volumes ventriculares, stroke volume e fração de ejeção. O conhecimento detalhado da técnica é muito importante para estimativa acurada dessas medidas. Também é importante seu refinamento, intimamente associado à experiência do examinador e ao conhecimento dos softwares atuais. Neste artigo de revisão, será discutido como medir com precisão os volumes do VE e sua fração de ejeção usando técnicas ecocardiográficas bidimensionais e tridimensionais, com dicas e sugestões baseadas nas principais diretrizes de quantificação de câmaras cardíacas americanas e europeias, bem como nos artigos mais recentes da literatura. (AU)


Echocardiography is the most used diagnostic method for measuring left ventricular systolic function indices. It is possible to estimate, in a quick, available, and non-invasive way, parameters such as ventricular volumes, stroke volume, and ejection fraction. Being an expert in the technique is quite important to estimate these parameters accurately. Being able to refine the technique constantly is also important, and this is closely associated with the examiner's experience and knowledge of the current software solutions. In this review article, we will discuss how to accurately measure left ventricular volumes and their ejection fraction using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) echocardiographic techniques. We will also outline tips and suggestions based on the main North American and European guidelines for quantifying heart chambers and the most recent articles in the literature. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Stroke Volume/physiology , Heart Ventricles/anatomy & histology , Echocardiography/methods , Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional/methods , Heart Function Tests/methods
7.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 37(3): e20240039, jul.-set. 2024. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1585725

ABSTRACT

Com o avanço tecnológico, o exame físico não é mais suficiente para uma avaliação mais assertiva de pacientes criticamente enfermos, principalmente em reécm-nascidos prematuros onde os sinais clínicos podem não ser interpretados de forma objetiva. Desta forma, há um grande interesse no treinamento de médicos neonatologistas para sua realização, determinando que os grandes centros mundiais já o façam de forma permanente nos seus programas de residência e educação médica continuada. O presente artigo de revisão trata da nossa experiência no ensino do ecocardiograma focado institucional. (AU)


With technological advancement, physical examination is no longer sufficient for a more accurate assessment of critically ill patients, especially in premature newborns where clinical signs may not be interpreted objectively. Therefore, there is great interest in training neonatologists in its practice, with major global centers already incorporating it permanently into their residency and continuing medical education programs. This review article discusses our experience in teaching institutionally focused echocardiography. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Heart Ventricles/abnormalities , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/prevention & control , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography/methods , Echocardiography, Doppler/methods , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/organization & administration , Capacity Building/methods
8.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 37(3): e20240050, jul.-set. 2024. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1586032

ABSTRACT

A amiloidose cardíaca por transtirretina (TTR) era considerada uma doença rara, com prognóstico ruim devido à falta de tratamento efetivo e à detecção desafiadora. Isso mudou nos últimos anos, com um aumento na prevalência e incidência da doença devido a um melhor reconhecimento da doença, à disponibilidade de novos métodos diagnósticos e aos tratamentos modificadores da doença. Apresentamos o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino de 62 anos, com sinais e sintomas de insuficiência cardíaca associada a envolvimento do sistema nervoso periférico e disfunção autonômica. O uso de ecocardiograma transtorácico, ressonância magnética cardíaca, cintilografia cardíaca, análise de cadeias leves no sangue e teste genético possibilitou o diagnóstico de amiloidose por TTR (ATTR) do tipo selvagem (ATTRs).(AU)


Transthyretin (TTR) cardiac amyloidosis was considered a rare disease with a poor prognosis due to the lack of effective treatment and challenging detection. This has changed in recent years, with an increase in the prevalence and incidence of the disease due to better recognition of the disease, the availability of new diagnostic methods, and disease-modifying treatments. We present the case of a 62-year-old male patient with signs and symptoms of heart failure associated with peripheral nervous system involvement and autonomic dysfunction. The use of transthoracic echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, cardiac scintigraphy, blood light chain analysis, and genetic testing enabled the diagnosis of wild-type TTR (ATTR) amyloidosis (ATTRs). (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prealbumin/metabolism , Rare Diseases/history , Heart Failure/complications , Amyloidosis/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography/methods , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Radionuclide Imaging/methods
10.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 37(3): e20240053, jul.-set. 2024. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1585571

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Disfunção ventricular esquerda como preditor independente de mortalidade na doença de Chagas. A deformação longitudinal global (DLG) é uma modalidade ecocardiográfica emergente com possível valor incremental na detecção precoce de envolvimento cardíaco. Objetivo: Comparar a função ventricular esquerda com múltiplos parâmetros ecocardiográficos entre pacientes com formas indeterminadas e crônicas de Chagas, e realizar uma revisão da literatura. I O O Metodologia: Neste estudo observacional, 11 pacientes com diagnóstico confirmado de doença de Chagas foram avaliados. Os indivíduos foram distribuídos da seguinte forma: cinco com as formas indeterminadas e seis com as formas crônicas. A avaliação ecocardiográfica convencional foi acompanhada pela medida da DLG. Resultados: A média da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) foi de 33 ± 2,88 e a DLG média do ventrículo esquerdo foi de -10,76 ± 2,20 na forma crônica, em comparação com 57,80 ± 6,49 e -17,34 ± 3,82, respectivamente no grupo indeterminado. A contratilidade foi reduzida em segmentos das paredes inferior, inferoseptal e ântero-septal em ambos os grupos. Essas alterações segmentares no grupo indeterminado podem ser atribuídas ao dano miocárdico precoce por inflamação e fibrose, mesmo antes de uma disfunção ventricular esquerda significativa se tornar evidente. Conclusão: A análise da deformação longitudinal na forma indeterminada tem potencial valor incremental à análise convencional da fração de ejeção quando comparada a pacientes com cardiomiopatia chagásica crônica, principalmente com a análise segmentar individual, mas o impacto e o significado clínico dessas técnicas ainda são desconhecidos.(AU)


Introduction: Left ventricular dysfunction as an independent predictor of mortality in Chagas disease. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is an emerging echocardiographic modality with possible incremental value in early detection of cardiac involvement. Objective: Compare left ventricular function with multiple echocardiographic parameters between patients with the indeterminate and chronic forms of Chagas, and perform a literature review. Methods: In this observational study, 11 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Chagas disease were evaluated. Individuals were distributed as follows: five with the indeterminate and six with the chronic forms. Conventional echocardiographic evaluation was followed by GLS measurement. I O O Results: The mean left ventricle ejection fraction left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 33 ± 2.88, and the mean GLS of the left ventricle was -10.76 ± 2.20 in the chronic form as compared to 57.80 ± 6.49 and -17.34 ± 3.82, respectively in the indeterminate group. Contractility was reduced in segments of the inferior, inferoseptal and anteroseptal walls in both groups. These segmental alterations in the indeterminate group may be attributed to early myocardial damage from inflammation and fibrosis, even before significant left ventricular dysfunction is evident. Conclusion: Analysis of longitudinal strain in the indeterminate form has potential incremental value to the conventional analysis of ejection fraction when compared to patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy, especially with individual segmental analysis, but the impact and clinical significance of these techniques are still unknown. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/mortality , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography/methods , Echocardiography, Doppler/methods , Electrocardiography/methods , Global Longitudinal Strain
11.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 36(1): e20230013, abr. 2023. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1452547

ABSTRACT

O choque circulatório é caracterizado por um estado de ineficiência da oferta de oxigênio tecidual e disfunção múltipla de órgãos. Necessita de diagnóstico e terapias rápidas e assertivas para redução de sua alta letalidade. O ecocardiograma já se estabeleceu como método fundamental no manejo do paciente com choque circulatório. Auxilia de forma crucial no diagnóstico etiológico, prognóstico, monitorização hemodinâmica e estimativa volêmica desses pacientes, tendo como potenciais vantagens a portabilidade, ausência de contraste ou radiação, baixo custo e avaliação em tempo real e de forma seriada. Em ambiente de UTI, demonstra alta correlação com formas invasivas (cateter de artéria pulmonar) e minimamente invasivas (termodiluição transpulmonar) de monitorização hemodinâmica. Atualmente, outras técnicas, como ultrassom pulmonar e VExUS score, têm se agregado à avaliação ecocardiográfica, tornando o método mais abrangente e acurado. Essas técnicas acrescentam dados relevantes na estimativa da volemia do paciente crítico, influenciando na decisão probabilística de fluidoresponsividade e agregando informações no raciocínio diagnóstico das causas do choque, otimizando o prognóstico desses pacientes. O point of care ultrasound (POCUS) tem como objetivo tornar mais acessível, ao médico não especialista em radiologia, habilidades para se obter informações a beira leito, por meio do ultrassom, que o ajudem na tomada de decisões. Esse artigo aborda as diversas aplicabilidades do ecocardiograma em pacientes com choque circulatório, incluindo avaliação prognóstica e diagnóstico etiológico por meio dos parâmetros encontrados nas principais causas de choque, além da monitorização hemodinâmica, avaliação de fluido-responsividade e utilização prática do ultrassom pulmonar.(AU)


Circulatory shock is characterized by a state of inefficient tissue oxygen supply and multiple organ dysfunction. Patients with circulatory shock require fast and assertive diagnosis and therapies to reduce its high lethality. Echocardiography has already been established as a fundamental method in managing patients with circulatory shock. It provides crucial assistance in etiological diagnosis, prognosis, hemodynamic monitoring, and volume estimation in these patients; its potential advantages include portability, absence of contrast or radiation, low cost, and real-time serial assessment. In the intensive care unit setting, it demonstrates a high correlation with invasive (pulmonary artery catheter) and minimally invasive (transpulmonary thermodilution) forms of hemodynamic monitoring. Currently, other techniques, such as pulmonary ultrasound and VExUS score, have been added to echocardiographic assessment, making the method more comprehensive and accurate. These techniques add relevant data to blood volume estimation in critical patients, influencing the probabilistic decision of fluid responsiveness and providing additional information in the diagnostic reasoning of the causes of shock, thus optimizing these patients' prognosis. Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) aims to make abilities to obtain information at the bedside more accessible to physicians who are not specialists in radiology, by means of ultrasound, which assists them in decision-making. This article addresses the diverse applications of echocardiography in patients with circulatory shock, including prognostic evaluation and etiological diagnosis by means of the parameters found in the main causes of shock, in addition to hemodynamic monitoring, evaluation of fluid responsiveness, and practical use of pulmonary ultrasound.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Shock, Cardiogenic/complications , Shock, Cardiogenic/etiology , Shock, Cardiogenic/diagnostic imaging , Ventricular Function/physiology , Shock, Cardiogenic/prevention & control , Stroke Volume/physiology , Echocardiography/methods , Cardiac Imaging Techniques/methods , Hemodynamic Monitoring/methods
15.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 36(1): e366, abr. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1515911

ABSTRACT

A pericardite constritiva (PC) é uma condição na qual a cicatrização e perda de elasticidade do pericárdio resultam em enchimento ventricular prejudicado, disfunção diastólica e insuficiência cardíaca direita. O diagnóstico dessa patologia é desafiador, sendo frequente a necessidade de técnicas de imagem multimodal, dentre as quais a ecocardiografia representa a modalidade de imagem inicial para a avaliação diagnóstica, além de permitir a diferenciação da PC da cardiomiopatia restritiva (CMR) e outras condições que mimetizam constrição. (AU)


Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is a condition in which scarring and loss of elasticity of the pericardium result in impaired ventricular filling, diastolic dysfunction, and right heart failure. The diagnosis of this pathology is challenging, with frequent need for multimodal imaging techniques, among which echocardiography represents the initial imaging modality for the diagnostic evaluation, in addition to allowing the differentiation of CP from restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) and other conditions that mimic constriction. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Pericarditis, Constrictive/physiopathology , Pericarditis, Constrictive/diagnostic imaging , Pericardium/abnormalities , Heart Failure/etiology , Pericardium/anatomy & histology , Tuberculosis/complications , Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/diagnosis , Echocardiography/methods , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
16.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 36(1): e20230006, abr. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1517806

ABSTRACT

A regurgitação tricúspide (RT) importante está associada à alta morbidade e mortalidade. Como o tratamento cirúrgico da RT isolada tem sido associado à alta mortalidade, as intervenções transcateter na valva tricúspide (VT) têm sido utilizadas para o seu tratamento, com risco relativamente mais baixo. Há um atraso na intervenção da RT e provavelmente está relacionado a uma compreensão limitada da anatomia da VT e do ventrículo direito, além da subestimação da gravidade da RT. Nesse cenário, faz-se necessário o conhecimento anatômico abrangente da VT, a fisiopatologia envolvida no mecanismo de regurgitação, assim como a sua graduação mais precisa. A VT tem peculiaridades anatômica, histológica e espacial que fazem a sua avalição ser mais complexa, quando comparado à valva mitral, sendo necessário o conhecimento e treinamento nas diversas técnicas ecocardiográficas que serão utilizadas frequentemente em combinação para uma avaliação precisa. Esta revisão descreverá a anatomia da VT, o papel do ecocardiograma no diagnóstico, graduação e fisiopatologia envolvida na RT, as principais opções atuais de tratamento transcateter da RT e a avaliação do resultado após intervenção transcateter por meio de múltiplas modalidades ecocardiográficas.(AU)


Severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Given that surgical treatment of TR alone has been associated with high mortality, transcatheter interventions in the tricuspid valve (TV) have been used for its treatment, with relatively lower risk. There is a delay in intervention for TR, and this is probably related to a limited understanding of the anatomy of the TV and the right ventricle, in addition to an underestimation of the severity of TR. In this scenario, it is necessary to have comprehensive anatomical knowledge of the TV, the pathophysiology involved in the mechanism of regurgitation, and more accurate grading. The TV has anatomical, histological, and spatial peculiarities that make its assessment more complex when compared to the mitral valve, requiring knowledge and training in the various echocardiographic techniques that will often be used in combination for accurate assessment. This review will describe the anatomy of the TV, the role of echocardiography in the diagnosis, grading, and pathophysiology involved in TR; the main transcatheter treatment options currently available for TR; and the assessment of outcomes after transcatheter intervention by means of multiple echocardiographic modalities.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tricuspid Valve/anatomy & histology , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/physiopathology , Pericardial Effusion/complications , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/mortality , Echocardiography/methods , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods , Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional/methods , Endocarditis/complications , Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/methods
17.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 36(1): e20230010, abr. 2023. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1517893

ABSTRACT

A análise da deformação miocárdica ventricular direita tem surgido como uma ferramenta diagnóstica importante na detecção de disfunção sistólica ventricular direita inicial não detectada pelas técnicas ecocardiográficas convencionais. Além disso, é capaz de trazer informações diagnósticas e prognósticas adicionais aos parâmetros tradicionais de avaliação da função sistólica ventricular direita em diversas patologias. O método ecocardiográfico de escolha para sua avaliação é o strain longitudinal derivado do speckletracking. Ele tem se mostrado mais sensível para pequenas mudanças na função sistólica quando comparado à excursão sistólica do plano do anel tricúspide, estudo da onda s´ ao Doppler tecidual do anel tricúspide e variação da área fracional do ventrículo direito. O avanço da inteligência artificial e a presença de softwares com análise automatizada entram neste cenário visando tornar a aplicabilidade do método mais simples, rápida e com menor variabilidade inter e intraobservador. O objetivo deste artigo de revisão é demonstrar o passo a passo da técnica, desde a otimização e aquisição de imagens até a interpretação dos resultados, com figuras ilustrativas de casos selecionados.(AU)


Right ventricular strain analysis has emerged as an important diagnostic tool in the detection of early right ventricular systolic dysfunction not detected by conventional echocardiography techniques. Furthermore, it is capable of providing additional diagnostic and prognostic information to the traditional parameters for evaluating right ventricular systolic function in various pathologies. The echocardiography method of choice for its assessment is longitudinal strain derived from speckletracking. This method has been shown to be more sensitive for small changes in systolic function when compared to tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, tissue Doppler imaging of the tricuspid annular s' wave, and right ventricular fractional area change. Advances in artificial intelligence and software with automated analysis have been introduced to this scenario with the aim of making the method simpler and quicker to apply, with lower inter- and intra-observer variability. The objective of this review article is to demonstrate the technique step by step, from image optimization and acquisition to interpretation of results, with illustrative figures of selected cases.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Ventricular Function, Right/physiology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/diagnostic imaging , Heart Ventricles/anatomy & histology , Echocardiography/methods , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Global Longitudinal Strain/radiation effects , Heart Failure/etiology
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