Programa de Acompañamiento del Sueño en la Infancia con Terapia Ocupacional durante la pandemia por COVID-19 / Program to Support Child Sleep from the Occupational Therapy Perspective during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introducción. Se describen los resultados preliminares del Programa de Acompañamiento al Sueño en la Infancia desde Terapia Ocupacional (PASITO) en niños y niñas con trastornos del neurodesarrollo (NN-TND), de 3 a 10 años, y con insomnio; realizado entre junio de 2020 y septiembre de 2021. Población y métodos. Estudio cuasiexperimental de preintervención y posintervención con un grupo de intervención y otro grupo de control, medido por el Cuestionario de Hábitos de Sueño (CHS) y el Diario de Sueño (DS). Resultados. Participaron 22 NN-TND, 8 en el grupo control. El puntaje total del CHS del grupo de intervención mejoró (p <0,001) de 54,9 (DE 5,5) a 48,4 (DE 4,5) y se acercó al rango de referencia 42,6 (DE 4,9). El DS evidenció aumento en duración, adelanto de fase de sueño y reducción en cantidad de despertares. Conclusión. Estos resultados provisorios y favorables muestran que PASITO podría ser una intervención posible para dificultades del sueño en NN-TND

Introduction. Here we describe the interim results of the Program to Support Child Sleep from the Occupational Therapy Perspective (Programa de Acompañamiento al Sueño en la Infancia desde Terapia Ocupacional, PASITO) for children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) aged 3­10 years with insomnia, conducted between June 2020 and September 2021. Population and methods. Pre- and post-intervention quasi-experiment in an intervention group and a control group using the Sleep Habits Questionnaire (SHQ) and the Consensus Sleep Diary (CSD). Results. A total of 22 children with NDDs participated, 8 in the control group. The overall SHQ score for the intervention group improved (p < 0.001) from 54.9 (SD: 5.5) to 48.4 (SD: 4.5) and moved closer to the reference range of 42.6 (SD: 4.9). The CSD showed an increased sleep duration, earlier sleep onset, and fewer night wakings. Conclusion. These interim favorable results demonstrate that the PASITO may be a possible intervention to manage sleep problems in children with NDDs.

Relato de experiência na criação de um manual eletrônico para o ensino da avaliação cognitiva pré-escolar em terapia ocupacional / Experience report on the creation of an electronic manual for teaching preschool cognitive assessment in occupational therapy / Relato de experiencia en la creación de un manual electrónico para la enseñanza de la evaluación cognitiva preescolar en terapia ocupacional

Objetivo: Descrever o processo de criação e as etapas de elaboração de um produto educacional do tipo manual eletrônico visando contribuir com a construção de conhecimento de graduandos de terapia ocupacional e áreas afins sobre avaliação cognitiva de pré-escolares. Relato da Experiência: Trata-se de estudo do tipo relato de experiência, onde são descritas as experiências vivenciadas no período de outubro de 2021 a março de 2023 para a construção do produto educacional elaborado a partir da dissertação de Mestrado do Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Ensino em Saúde na Amazônia. Discussão: A proposta deste relato de experiência atende a uma necessidade de expor dos desafios da construção do manual para favorecer a aquisição de conhecimento dos graduandos de terapia ocupacional sobre avaliação cognitiva pré-escolar. Foram utilizadas estratégias de criação de conteúdo através de templates que culminou com uma maior uniformidade na construção dos capítulos. Conclusão: A experiência criou um manual com grande potencial para uso na aquisição de conhecimento dos graduandos, visto que, as estratégias de ensino em saúde visam a prática pedagógica direcionada e informações claras.

Objective: To describe the process of creation and the stages of elaboration of an educational product aiming to contribute to the construction of knowledge of graduates of occupational therapy and related areas on cognitive assessment of preschoolers. Experience Report: This is a descriptive study of the experience report type, where the experiences lived from October 2021 to December 2022 were described for the construction of the educational product elaborated from the Master's dissertation of the Professional Master's Program in Health Education in the Amazon. The purpose of this experience report responds to a need to expose the challenges of building the manual to favor the acquisition of knowledge by occupational therapy graduates about preschool cognitive assessment. A creation strategy was used using the inductive method through templates, which culminated in greater uniformity in the formation of chapters. Final Considerations: The experiences played an essential role in the acquisition of skills in creating content for an educational product, since health teaching strategies aim at targeted pedagogical practice and clear information.

Objetivo: Describir el proceso de creación y las etapas de elaboración de un producto educativo tipo manual electrónico con el fin de contribuir a la construcción del conocimiento de estudiantes de terapia ocupacional y áreas relacionadas sobre la evaluación cognitiva de preescolares. Relato de la Experiencia: Se trata de un estudio tipo relato de experiencia, donde se describen las vivencias durante el período de octubre de 2021 a marzo de 2023 para la creación del producto educativo, el cual se elaboró a partir de la disertación de maestría del Programa de Maestría Profesional en Enseñanza en Salud en la Amazonía. Discusión: La propuesta de este relato de experiencia responde a la necesidad de exponer los desafíos en la creación del manual para facilitar la adquisición de conocimiento de los estudiantes de terapia ocupacional sobre la evaluación cognitiva preescolar. Se utilizaron estrategias de creación de contenido mediante plantillas, lo que resultó en una mayor uniformidad en la elaboración de los capítulos. Conclusión: La experiencia ha generado un manual con un gran potencial para ser utilizado en la adquisición de conocimientos por parte de los estudiantes, ya que las estrategias de enseñanza en salud promueven la práctica pedagógica dirigida y la claridad en la información.

Terapia oromotora: Estudio de un modelo educativo para cuidadores primarios / Oral-motor therapy: Study of a distance learning educational model for primary caregivers / Terapia motora oral: estudo de um modelo de ensino à distância para cuidadores primários

Los trastornos alimentarios y de deglución afectan considerablemente la calidad de vida de niños y niñas con discapacidades neuromotoras. La pandemia de COVID-19 agravó estos desafíos al limitar el acceso a la atención en salud. Este estudio evaluó un modelo educativo de aprendizaje a distancia en terapia oral-motora, dirigido a personas cuidadoras de niños y niñas con discapacidades neuromotoras en Mérida, México. Participaron incialmente treinta personas cuidadoras de niños y niñas entre 2 y 12 años de edad con trastornos alimentarios y de deglución, quienes recibían atención en siete instituciones. 23 participantes completaron el programa. Se usó un diseño cuasiexperimental de prueba pre y post. El programa incluyó sesiones teóricas y prácticas. Los resultados mostraron mejoras significativas en el conocimiento teórico y en las competencias prácticas, con niveles de competencia superiores al 80%. Aun así, se reconocen limitaciones del estudio como el tamaño de la muestra y la ausencia de un grupo de control. Abordar estas limitaciones en investigaciones futuras fortalecerá la evidencia sobre la efectividad de este enfoque innovador centrado en la persona cuidadora, crucial para gestionar trastornos alimentarios y de deglución de manera efectiva y mejorar la calidad de vida de niños y niñas con discapacidades neuromotoras.

Eating and swallowing disorders are prevalent among children with neuromotor disabilities, significantly impacting their overall quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the challenges by restricting access to health care, underscoring the necessity for innovative solutions with caregiver involvement. This study investigated the effectiveness of a distance learning educational model in oral-motor therapy for primary caregivers of children with neuromotor impairments in Mérida, Mexico. The quasiexperimental pretest-posttest design included thirty primary caregivers of children aged 2 to 12 with feeding and swallowing disorders from seven institutions. Twenty-three participants completed the program. The program encompassed theoretical sessions on various aspects of oral motor therapy and practical sessions focusing on hands on training. Results revealed substantial enhancements in theoretical knowledge and practical competencies among caregivers, with competence levels exceeding 80% in all evaluated activities. Despite these positive outcomes, the study acknowledges limitations such as a small sample size and the absence of a control group. Addressing these constraints through future research endeavors will bolster the evidence supporting the effectiveness of this innovative caregivercentric approach. Ultimately, integrating caregivers into the care team is imperative for improving the quality of life for children with neuromotor disabilities and effectively managing eating and swallowing disorders.

Os distúrbios da alimentação e da deglutição afetam significativamente a qualidade de vida das crianças com deficiências neuromotoras. A pandemia da COVID-19 exacerbou esses desafios desafios, sendo que limitou o acesso ao atendimento. Este estudo avaliou um modelo educacional de ensino à distância sobre terapia oral-motora, orientado a cuidadores primários de crianças com deficiências neuromotoras em Mérida, México. Trinta cuida- dores de crianças de 2 a 12 anos de idade com distúrbios de alimentação e deglutição de sete instituições participaram, sendo que 23 deles concluíram o programa. Um estudo quase experimental de préteste-pós-teste foi realizado. O programa incluiu sessões teóricas e práticas. Os resultados mostraram melhorias significativas no conhecimento teórico e nas competências práticas, com níveis de competência acima de 80%. Contudo, são reconhecidas algumas limitações do estudo, como o pequeno tamanho da amostra e a falta de um grupo de controle. A abordagem dessas limitações em pesquisas futuras fortalecerá as evidências respeito da eficácia dessa abordagem inovadora centrada no cuidador, crucial para melhorar a qualidade de vida das crianças com deficiências neuromotoras e gerenciar os distúrbios de alimentação e deglutição de forma eficaz.

The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions versus cognitive behavioral therapy on social anxiety of adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and Objective@#Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI), a novel treatment, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), the standard treatment, are both effective in treating anxiety in adolescents. This study determined the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions versus cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing symptoms of anxiety among adolescents experiencing social anxiety through a systematic review and meta-analysis.@*Methods@#A systematic approach was used to identify eligible studies. Electronic databases, reference lists of relevant articles, and gray literature were searched. Data was analyzed using RevMan to calculate standard mean differences with 95% confidence intervals and subgroups. Heterogeneity was measured using visual assessment, the I2 statistic, and chi-square test. @*Results@#Randomized controlled trials comparing MBI to CBT for adolescents diagnosed with social anxiety or social phobia disorder were analyzed, with non-randomized studies being excluded. Structured searches in electronic databases, reference lists, and gray literature were conducted by four independent reviewers who initially identified potential articles through title and abstract screening. After a comprehensive review of full-text articles and a consensus-building process, the selection of included articles was finalized. Data was analyzed using RevMan to calculate standard mean differences with 95% confidence intervals and to examine subgroups, with heterogeneity being assessed through visual evaluation, the I² statistic, and chi-square tests. Total number of participants was 255; 101 were male and 158 were women. Mean age was 27.5 years old, and diagnosed with Social Anxiety Disorder, Social Phobia, or DSM-IV-Defined-Anxiety-Disorder. They were divided into two groups: 125 participated in 8- to 12-week MBI sessions lasting 2 hours each, while 130 underwent 2-hour CBT sessions spanning 8, 12, or 14 weeks. There is moderate quality of evidence reporting non-significant difference on MBI vs CBT's effectiveness in alleviating symptoms of social anxiety [mean (95% CI) = -0.04 (-0.58, 0.51)]. @*Conclusion@#Study found that there were no significant differences between Mindfulness-Based Interventions and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in reducing social anxiety in adolescents. Mindfulness interventions have advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness for reducing symptoms of anxiety. Future research should include larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods to further assess long-term effects of these interventions.

The Screen Time Ecological Model (STEM): The development of a conceptual and practice model on screen time for children

@#It is undeniable that technology has become part of modern society that extends to children's grasp. However, the amount of screen time exposure in children and its effects are increasingly becoming a significant concern for families, educators, and child-related health professionals, such as occupational therapists. This study aims to help child-related health professionals understand the factors contributing to screen time and describe children's screen time levels to enable proper assessment and intervention planning. The Screen Time Ecological Model (STEM) follows the SocioEcological Model in describing influencing factors to screen time behavior, the Ecology of Human Performance in conceptualizing intervention approaches, and the Developmental Frame of Reference in describing the age-appropriate screen time recommendation children based on the American Academy of Pediatrics Media Use Guidelines for Families. The optimal goal of STEM is to promote the just-right screen time use within the pediatric population.

The 5P stairs model: A guide to school visits

@#A school visit is defined as a process wherein a person with specific expertise and preparation goes to a school for a limited period of time and gathers information on how a student is functioning within that setting. Aside from giving thorough guidelines for conducting a school visit, the 5P Stairs Model presents five (5) steps that can establish a better working relationship among the stakeholders, motivated by one main goal: to support the child’s performance within the school setting. The model presents the 5P’s: a) Preparation, which focuses on the delivery of consent and request letters upon identifying the need for a visit; b) Pre-observation for the briefing, focusing on the collaboration between the therapist and the teacher on how the process could mutually benefit them and the child; c) Observation Proper which includes taking note of relevant observations using a checklist; d) Post-observation for debriefing is where feedback to the teacher takes place; and e) Planning and Partnership which includes providing recommendations and necessary interventions, through the continuous collaboration among the therapist, family, and school. Furthermore, supplemental materials such as template letters, a questionnaire, and an observation form were developed to facilitate the aforementioned steps. The framework’s processes and steps serve as a guide and are not meant to be prescriptive. A pilot study on the 5P Stairs Model’s processes and supplemental files is recommended to help establish its usefulness, validity, and effectiveness.

Identifying the roles of occupational therapists among the LGBT community: An analysis of a panel discussion

@#Occupational therapists are known to be holistic practitioners who facilitate occupational performance and promote occupational justice. However, limited literature explores the role of the profession for members of the society who identify themselves as lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgender (LGBT). This paper analyzes a panel discussion at an international event hosted by a university in the Philippines regarding gender and sexuality. This short report aims to identify the roles of occupational therapists among the LGBT community through the lens of professionals. Upon thematic analysis of the transcription of the discussion, five roles of occupational therapists were identified. These are (1) navigators on the complexity of gender and sexuality, (2) researchers on evidenced-based and practical practices toward the LGBT community, (3) enablers of gender expression among the LGBT community, (4) allies of the LGBT community, and (5) advocates of inclusion in all spaces. It provides actionable approaches for occupational therapists to facilitate gender-affirming healthcare for the LGBT community. Moreover, these findings hold the potential to influence forthcoming policies and educational initiatives for both occupational therapists and allied professionals.

A retrospective study of the online self-regulated learning skills of occupational therapy students enrolled in a full online curriculum at the University of Santo Tomas amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background@#The pandemic brought permanent changes in education in terms of set-up and delivery. In the Philippines, most universities switched to online learning to provide educational continuity to their students. Without direct supervision from instructors, higher educational level learners bear greater responsibility for their learning behaviors, emphasizing the need to employ online self-regulated learning (OSRL) skills, which are goal setting, environment structuring, time management, help-seeking, self-evaluation, and metacognition.@*Objectives@#This study examined the OSRL skills of occupational therapy (OT) students enrolled in a full online curriculum at the University of Santo Tomas (UST) during the academic year (A.Y.) 2020-2021. It also describes the differences between students' OSRL skills and their demographic characteristics—sex, age, year level, and student status.@*Methods@#The study employed a cross-sectional records review of the 2021 Student Life Survey, which was deployed through Google Forms to a total of 205 respondents. Responses from the Online Self-Regulated Questionnaire were extracted and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS version 27, using the Mann-Whitney U Test and Kruskal-Wallis Test with a significance level set at 0.050.@*Results@#Data analysis showed that UST OT students reported average to high levels of online self-regulated learning, with the highest SRL mean score in environmental structuring and goal setting. The students’ online self-regulated learning in goal setting is statistically significant to sex (p= 0.021) and age (p= 0.036). Additionally, year levels have a significant difference in task strategies (p= 0.042) and time management (p= 0.006).@*Conclusion@#OSRL skills vary depending on the students’ contexts and learning environment. They are independent of the students’ demographic characteristics. These findings could inform stakeholders and researchers about students’ OSRL levels, which can help in providing pedagogical strategies that will enhance students' self-regulated learning in online education.

The professional landscape of occupational therapy in the Philippine Mental Health System

@#The relationship between mental health and occupational therapy (OT) in the Philippines is marked by several challenges and opportunities. Mental health is not merely the absence of mental conditions but encompasses a continuum of well-being that influences an individual's ability to navigate life's challenges.1 Similarly, occupational therapy focuses on healthpromoting occupations and their impact on an individual's environment and well-being.

A qualitative exploration on the role of occupational therapy in mental health and psychosocial support for students in the university setting in the Philippines

Background@#Occupational therapy (OT) can be part of mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) in the university setting. Numerous studies worldwide have highlighted the negative impact of COVID-19 on mental health due to isolation and restrictions. In the Philippines, these issues were exacerbated among students, whose abrupt shift to remote learning negatively affected their mental well-being. As universities reopened, there is an opportunity for OT to support students' mental health. @*Objectives@#This study presents the findings of an online group discussion and an online forum that explored the role of OT in MHPSS in the Philippine university setting. Moreover, this study aimed to (1) describe the perceptions of Filipino OT practitioners (OTPs) on their role in the university setting, and (2) describe thoughts of Filipino OTPs on being part of MHPSS services. @*Method@#Using a qualitative exploratory design, data was gathered through an online discussion and an online forum. Thirty-five Filipino OTPs with a background in mental health practice served as the participants. Data was analysed using constant comparison.@*Results@#Analyses of data generated four themes: (1) awareness of the importance of MHPSS as student support, (2) mental health and occupation-focused support in the education setting, (3) role of OT in MHPSS, and (4) potential for interprofessional services. @*Conclusion@#Need for OT in MHPSS is justified by rising issues in anxiety, depression, trauma, and stress that can be addressed using an occupation-focused approach. OTPs can provide non-specialized services like PFA, or specialized individual or group-based interventions. However, OTPs think that they need to know more about MHPSS to contribute across all levels of MHPSS.

Anatomical and Clinical Education in Physical and Occupational Therapy: Influence of Integration and Soft Preservation / Educación Anatómica y Clínica en Terapia Física y Ocupacional: Influencia de la Integración y la Preservación Blanda

SUMMARY: Anatomy and clinical skills are taught separately to physical and occupational therapy students. Formaldehyde is the primary chemical used to embalm donors which creates a challenge in integrating clinical skills into the anatomy curriculum. This study aimed to evaluate the integration of clinical skills into anatomical education using Imperial College London- Soft Preservation (ICL-SP) and formaldehyde embalming through the evaluation of student perceived learning and confidence. Students were invited to complete a survey after dissecting an ICL-SP and formaldehyde embalmed donors and perform clinical tests. It was easier to dissect and identify neurovascular structures on ICL-SP donors compared to formaldehyde. Clinical tests, like measuring range of motion and ligament tests were also more realistic on ICL-SP donors. The integration of clinical skills in the anatomical curriculum increased student perceived understanding of associated anatomy (p < 0.001), gave better understanding of how anatomy is important to their professions (p < 0.001) and increased motivation to learn anatomy (p < 0.001). The integration of clinical skills into anatomical education can facilitate student learning with higher confidence performing clinical skills and is complemented by the utilization of the new ICL-SP methodology instead of the traditional formaldehyde preservation.

Las habilidades anatómicas y clínicas se enseñan por separado a los estudiantes de terapia física y ocupacional. El formaldehído es el químico principal que se usa para embalsamar a los donantes, lo que crea un desafío para integrar las habilidades clínicas en el plan de estudios de anatomía. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la integración de habilidades clínicas en la educación anatómica utilizando Imperial College London-Soft Preservation (ICL-SP) y embalsamamiento de formaldehído a través de la evaluación del aprendizaje y la confianza percibidos por los estudiantes. Se invitó a los estudiantes a completar una encuesta después de diseccionar un ICL-SP y donantes embalsamados formolizados y realizar pruebas clínicas. Fue más fácil diseccionar e identificar estructuras neurovasculares en donantes ICL-SP en comparación con los fijados en formaldehído. Las pruebas clínicas, como la medición del rango de movimiento y las pruebas de ligamentos, también fueron más realistas en los donantes de ICL-SP. La integración de habilidades clínicas en el plan de estudios anatómico aumentó la comprensión percibida por los estudiantes de anatomía asociada (p < 0,001), dio una mejor comprensión de cómo la anatomía es importante para sus profesiones (p < 0,001) y aumentó la motivación para aprender anatomía (p < 0,001). La integración de las habilidades clínicas en la educación anatómica puede facilitar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes con mayor confianza en el desempeño de las habilidades clínicas y se complementa con la utilización de la nueva metodología ICL-SP en lugar de la conservación tradicional con formaldehído.

Fazer-se manada, coexistir na diferença: a experiência de cartografar um processo de criação em dança / Becoming a herd, coexisting in difference: the experience of mapping a process of creation in dance / Convertirse en manada, convivir en la diferencia: la experiencia de mapear un proceso creativo en la danza

Esse trabalho decorre da produção da pesquisa "Potências clínicas nos corpos em criação nas experimentações artísticas do programa TOCCA" realizada durante os anos de 2018 e 2021. O artigo se volta a mostrar a análise cartográfica de um dos grupos observados e os processos de constituição de corpos dançarinos e de uma obra em dança. Compreendeu-se que o entrelaçamento dos conhecimentos da terapia ocupacional e das artes da cena pode vir a criar saberes transversais, desde as práticas de educação somática, que fortalecem e ampliam ambos os campos em suas potências éticas, estéticas e políticas. Bem como, podem instaurar um dispositivo poético clínico para a produção do comum. (AU)

This work stems from the production of the research "Clinical potencies in bodies under creation in the artistic experimentations of the TOCCA program" carried out during the years 2018 and 2021. The article returns to show the analysis of one of the observed groups and the processes of constitution of dancing bodies and a work in dance. It was understood that the interweaving of knowledge from occupational therapy and performing arts can create transversal knowledge, from somatic education practices, which strengthen and expand both fields in their ethical, aesthetic and political powers. As well as, they can establish a clinical poetic device for the production of the common. (AU)

Este trabajo surge de la producción de la investigación "Potencias clínicas en cuerpos en creación en las experimentaciones artísticas del programa TOCCA" realizada durante los años 2018 y 2021. El artículo vuelve a mostrar el análisis de uno de los grupos observados y los procesos de constitución de cuerpos danzantes y un trabajo en danza. Se entendió que el entrecruzamiento de los saberes de la terapia ocupacional y las artes escénicas puede generar conocimientos transversales, a partir de prácticas de educación somática, que fortalezcan y amplíen ambos campos en sus poderes éticos, estéticos y políticos. Así como, pueden establecer un dispositivo poético clínico para la producción de lo común. (AU)

Produção assistencial de um Centro Especializado em Reabilitação: análise de atendimentos por modalidade e especialidades / Assistance provided by a Specialized Rehabilitation Center: an analysis of the care offered per modality and specialties / Producción asistencial de un Centro Especializado de Rehabilitación: análisis de la atención por modalidad y especialidades

Introdução: a assistência à pessoa com deficiência no Brasil vem sendo ampliada ao longo dos anos, a partir do avanço das discussões sobre os Direitos Humanos e legislações publicadas pelo Ministério da Saúde. Objetivo: analisar a produção assistencial de um Centro Especializado em Reabilitação. Métodos: trata-se de estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal, realizado com dados secundários de produção ambulatorial do período de abril de 2019 a março de 2020. Resultados: foi possível observar maior número de usuários assistidos na modalidade auditiva, posteriormente na modalidade física, intelectual e visual. Houve maior proporção de atendimentos multidisciplinares na modalidade intelectual e física; ao sexo feminino, exceto na modalidade intelectual; e a crianças, exceto na modalidade auditiva. Quanto às equipes mínimas, na modalidade auditiva, o fonoaudiólogo foi o profissional que realizou maior número de atendimentos; na física, o fisioterapeuta; na intelectual, o fisioterapeuta, seguido pelo fonoaudiólogo e terapeuta ocupacional; na reabilitação visual, o terapeuta ocupacional. Houve diferença com significância estatística quando comparadas as modalidades visual e intelectual em relação ao sexo; e o número de atendimentos por especialidades quando comparado à faixa etária. Conclusão: o estudo retrata a estrutura e oferta de atendimentos multidisciplinares realizados para as pessoas com deficiência que frequentam um serviço especializado em reabilitação. (AU)

Introduction: assistance to people with disabilities in Brazil has been expanded over the years, from the advancement of discussions on Human Rights, and legislation published by the Ministry of Health. Objective: to analyze the care production of a Specialized Center in Rehabilitation. Methods: this is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, conducted with secondary data of outpatient production from April 2019 to March 2020. Results: it was possible to observe a greater number of users assisted in the auditory modality, later in the physical, intellectual and visual modality, there was a higher proportion of multidisciplinary care in the intellectual and physical modality; female gender, except in the intellectual modality; and children, except in the auditory mode. As for the minimum teams, in the auditory modality the speech therapist was the professional who performed the highest number of consultations; in physics the physiotherapist; in the intellectual the physiotherapist, followed by the speech therapist and occupational therapist; in visual rehabilitation the occupational therapist. There was a statistically significant difference when comparing the visual and intellectual modalities in relation to gender; and the number of visits by specialties when compared to age group. Conclusion: the study portrays the structure and offer of multidisciplinary care provided to people with disabilities, who attend a specialized service in rehabilitation. (AU)

Introducción: la asistencia a las personas con discapacidad em Brasil se ha ampliado a lo largo de los años, a partir del avance de las discusiones sobre Derechos Humanos y la legislación publicada por el Ministerio de Salud. Objetivo: analizar la producción asistencial de un Centro Especializado em Rehabilitación. Métodos: se trata de un estúdio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, realizado con datos secundarios de producción ambulatoria de abril de 2019 a marzo de 2020. Resultados: fue posible observar un mayor número de usuários atendidos en la modalidade auditiva, posteriormente en la modalidade física, intelectual y visual, hubo una mayor proporción de atención multidisciplinaria en la modalidade intelectual y física; género femenino, excepto en la modalidade intelectual; y niños, excepto em el modo auditivo. En cuanto a los equipos mínimos, en la modalidade auditiva el logopeda fue el profesional que realizó mayor número de consultas; em física el fisioterapeuta; em el intelectual el fisioterapeuta, seguido por el logopeda y el terapeuta ocupacional; em rehabilitación visual el terapeuta ocupacional. Hubo uma diferencia estadísticamente significativa al comparar las modalidades visuales e intelectuales em relación con el género; y el número de visitas por especialidades em comparación con el grupo de edad. Conclusión: el estúdio retrata la estructura y la oferta de atención multidisciplinaria prestada a las personas con discapacidad, que asisten a un servicio especializado em rehabilitación. (AU)

As imagens do isolamento: expressões imagéticas de calouros na pandemia / The images of isolation: imagery expressions of freshmen in the pandemic / Las imágenes del aislamiento: expresiones de los estudiantes de primer año en la pandemia

A imagem é uma collage de fotografias produzida por estudantes calouros participantes de uma pesquisa de Iniciação Científica que teve como objetivo propor uma reflexão sobre as experiências vivenciadas por estudantes ingressantes de uma universidade pública em 2020, durante o período de distanciamento e isolamento imposto pela pandemia de COVID-19 e os seus impactos. A partir do método de pesquisa-ação participativa do Photovoice e quatro encontros grupais com diferentes temas disparadores. Foi possível aproximar-se das experiências e percepções vivenciadas pelos estudantes, considerando as particularidades do momento atípico assim como, suas estratégias de enfrentamento, sentimentos e inseguranças com o futuro.

The image is a collage of photographs taken by freshman students participating in a Scientific Initiation survey that aimed to propose a reflection on the experiences of freshman students at a public university in 2020, during the period of distancing and isolation imposed by the coronavirus pandemic. COVID-19 and its impacts. Based on Photovoice's participatory action-research method and four group meetings with different triggering themes. It was possible to approach the experiences and perceptions lived by the students, considering the particularities of the atypical moment as well as their coping strategies, feelings and insecurities about the future.

La imagen es un collage de fotografías tomadas por estudiantes de primer año que participan en una encuesta de Iniciación Científica que tuvo como objetivo proponer una reflexión sobre las experiencias de los estudiantes de primer año de una universidad pública en 2020, durante el período de distanciamiento y aislamiento impuesto por la pandemia del coronavirus COVID. -19 y sus impactos. Basado en el método de investigación-acción participativa de Photovoice y cuatro reuniones grupales con diferentes temas desencadenantes. Fue posible abordar las experiencias y percepciones vividas por los estudiantes, considerando las particularidades del momento atípico así como sus estrategias de afrontamiento, sentimientos e inseguridades sobre el futuro.

A intervenção do terapeuta ocupacional junto às pessoas hospitalizadas por COVID-19 / Occupational therapist intervention with Covid-19 hospitalized people / La intervención del terapeuta ocupacional con las personas hospitalizadas por Covid-19

Em 2019, o mundo se deparou com a pandemia da COVID-19, que atingiu de forma grave parte da população mundial, resultando num aumento dos processos de hospitalização, rupturas ocupacionais e mortes. Os terapeutas ocupacionais, assim como os demais profissionais da saúde, enfrentaram um grande desafio com a complexidade do novo contexto pandêmico, destacando a necessidade do surgimento de evidências que fundamentassem a prática e atuação profissional. Objetivo: Mapear e descrever as intervenções que terapeutas ocupacionais do Brasil realizaram com pacientes hospitalizados com infecção por COVID-19. Método: Abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa, mapeando as intervenções a partir de um questionário semiestruturado enviado para terapeutas ocupacionais do Brasil. Para isso foi utilizada a técnica metodológica snowball ("Bola de Neve"), analisando-se os dados levantados por meio de Análise de Conteúdo e Análise estatística porcentagem. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 52 terapeutas ocupacionais, abrangendo todas as regiões do Brasil. Eles atuaram na assistência direta com o paciente hospitalizado por COVID-19, seus familiares e outros profissionais da equipe de saúde do contexto hospitalar, visando minimizar os impactos da doença durante a internação, realizarem a confecção e prescrição de recursos terapêuticos e adaptações no ambiente. Conclusão: O terapeuta ocupacional atuou na linha de frente dos serviços de saúde contra a COVID-19, com os demais profissionais, viabilizando a recuperação dos pacientes hospitalizados, promovendo saúde, bem-estar, autonomia assim como a redução de danos físicos, emocionais e cognitivos que o contexto expôs os pacientes, os familiares e os próprios profissionais.

In 2019 the world was faced with the COVID-19 pandemic that severely affected a large part of the world population, resulting in an increase in hospitalization processes, occupational disruptions and deaths. Occupational therapists, as well as other health professionals, faced a great challenge with the complexity of the new pandemic context, highlighting the need for the emergence of evidence to support professional practice and performance. Objective: To map and describe the interventions that occupational therapists in Brazil performed with hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection. Method: approaches - quantitative and qualitative ones, mapping interventions from a semi-structured questionnaire sent to occupational therapists in Brazil, using the methodological technique snowball ("Snowball"), and analyzing the data collected by the technique of Content Analysis and Data were analyzed statistically - Percentage. Results: 52 occupational therapists participated in the survey, covering all regions of Brazil. They acted in direct care with the patient hospitalized for COVID-19, their family members and the other professionals of the health team in the hospital context, aiming to minimize the impacts of the disease during hospitalization. In addition to making and prescribing therapeutic resources and adaptations in the environment. Conclusion: The occupational therapist acted on the front line of health services against COVID-19, together with other professionals, enabling the recovery of hospitalized patients, promoting health, well-being, autonomy and the reduction of physical, emotional and cognitive damage that the context exposed patients, family members and professionals themselves.

En 2019, el mundo se enfrentó a la pandemia del COVID-19 que afectó gravemente a gran parte de la población mundial, causando un aumento de los procesos de hospitalización, interrupciones laborales y muertes. Los terapeutas ocupacionales, así como otros profesionales de la salud, enfrentaron un gran desafío con la complejidad del nuevo contexto pandémico, destacando la necesidad del surgimiento de evidencias que respalden la práctica profesional. Objetivo: Mapear y describir las intervenciones que los terapeutas ocupacionales en Brasil realizaron con pacientes hospitalizados con infección por COVID-19. Método: enfoques - cuantitativos y cualitativos, mapeando intervenciones a partir de un cuestionario semiestructurado enviado a terapeutas ocupacionales en Brasil, utilizando la técnica metodológica bola de nieve ("Snowball"), y analizando los datos recogidos por la técnica de Análisis de Contenido y Análisis de datos estadísticos-porcentual. Resultados: 52 terapeutas ocupacionales participaron de la encuesta, cubriendo todas las regiones de Brasil. Actuaron en la atención directa con el paciente hospitalizado por COVID-19, sus familiares y los demás profesionales del equipo de salud en el contexto hospitalario, con el objetivo de minimizar los impactos de la enfermedad durante la hospitalización. Además de realizar y prescribir recursos terapéuticos y adaptaciones en el medio. Conclusión: El terapeuta ocupacional actuó en la primera línea de los servicios de salud frente al COVID-19, junto a otros profesionales, posibilitando la recuperación de los pacientes hospitalizados, promoviendo la salud, el bienestar, la autonomía y la reducción de daños físicos, emocionales y cognitivos el contexto expuesto por los pacientes, familiares y los propios profesionales.

Síndrome de Burnout en estudiantes y profesionales de la Carrera de Terapia Ocupacional de la Universidad Central del Ecuador / Burnout syndrome in students and professionals of the Occupational Therapy Career of the Central University of Ecuador

Introducción: El síndrome de Burnout es un fenómeno muy común en los diferentes am-bientes de trabajo, pero estudios de prevalencia en profesionales y estudiantes de terapia ocupacional son limitados.Objetivo: Establecer la presencia de síndrome de Burnout en estudiantes y profesionales de los centros de práctica de la carrera de Terapia Ocupacional de la Universidad Central del Ecuador.Material y métodos: Diseño de estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, en 177 estudiantes de la carrera de Terapia Ocupacional y 35 profesionales en el área que laboran en los centros de práctica vinculados a la práctica preprofesional. En cada suje-to se determinó agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y falta de realización personal mediante la Escala Maslach Burnout Inventory; la presencia de nivel alto en las subescalas agotamiento emocional y despersonalización y nivel bajo en realización personal define sín-drome de Burnout. Se calculó la prevalencia del síndrome en estudiantes y profesionales y la correlación con años de ejercicio laboral y sexo.Resultados: El 2.9 % (1/35) de los profesionales y 4.5 % (8/177) de estudiantes presentaron síndrome Burnout, el que se relacionó con las variables ambientales personales incluidas en la escala de Maslach. Del 45.83% al 82.14 % de estudiantes presentaron niveles bajos de cansancio emocional y despersonalización, mientras que, del 37.14 % al 52.94 %, presenta-ron niveles medios de realización personal.Conclusión: La prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout es baja en los profesionales y en los estudiantes de la carrera de Terapia Ocupacional que hacen prácticas preprofesionales en diferentes instituciones.

Introduction: Burnout syndrome is a very common phenomenon in different work environments; however, prevalence studies in occupational therapy professionals and students are limited.Objective: To establish the presence of Burnout syndrome in students and professionals at practice centers of the Occupational Therapy Career from Universidad Central del Ecuador.Material and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study design in 177 stu-dents belonging to the Occupational Therapy Career and 35 professionals in the area who work in the practice centers linked to pre-professional practice. Emotional exhaustion, de-personalization and lack of personal fulfillment were determined in each subject using the Maslach Burnout Inventory Scale; the presence of a high level in the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales and a low level of personal fulfillment defines Burnout syn-drome. The prevalence of Burnout syndrome in students and professionals and the correla-tion with years of work practice and gender were calculated.Results: 2.9% (1/35) of the professionals and 4.5% (8/177) of the students presented Bur-nout syndrome, which was related to the personal environmental variables included in the Maslach scale. From 45.83% to 82.14% of students presented low levels of emotional fati-gue and depersonalization; on the other hand, from 37.14% to 52.94% presented average levels of personal fulfillment.Conclusion: The prevalence of Burnout syndrome is low as in professionals as in students of the Occupational Therapy Career who do pre-professional practices in different institutions.

Percepções de familiares sobre uma rede de cuidados de saúde mental infantojuvenil / Family perceptions about a children's mental health network / Percepciones familiares sobre una red de atención de salud mental infantojuvenil

Este artigo pretende conhecer como a rede de cuidados em saúde tem se operacionalizado a partir da percepção de familiares de crianças com demanda de cuidado em saúde mental (SM). Foram realizados dois grupos focais, um com familiares da Atenção Básica (AB) e outro com familiares do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSij), totalizando 15 participantes. Seguiu-se com a análise lexical do tipo classificação hierárquica descendente, com o auxílio do software R Interface, a fim de análises multidimensionais de textos e questionários (IRaMuTeQ), resultando em cinco classes: A Pílula Mágica; Forças e Fraquezas dos serviços; Procurando por ajuda; Aceitando o diagnóstico da criança e Onde procurei ajuda. Os resultados apontam para dificuldades presentes na AB em identificar e manejar situações de Saúde Mental Infantojuvenil (SMIJ), por meio de uma lógica ainda medicalizante. Ressalta-se que a escola é apresentada como lugar de destaque na produção da demanda por cuidado e a família ainda é pouco convocada à construção das ações. Conclui-se, então, que avanços ainda são necessários para operacionalização de um cuidado pautado nas diretrizes da política de SMIJ.(AU)

This article aims to know how the healthcare network has been operationalized from the perception of family members of children with demand for mental health care (MH). Two focus groups were held, one with family members from Primary Care (PC) and the other with family members from the Child Psychosocial Care Center (CAPSij), totaling 15 participants. A lexical analysis of the descending hierarchical classification type was performed with the help of the software R Interface for multidimensional analyzes of texts and questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ), resulting in five classes: The Magic Pill; Strengths and Weaknesses of services; Looking for help; Accepting the child's diagnosis; and Where did I look for help. The results point to difficulties present in PC in identifying and managing situations of mental health in children and adolescents (MHCA), with a medicalization logic. Note that the school is presented as a prominent place in producing the demand for care, and the family is still not very much involved in the actions. It is, thus, concluded that advances are still needed for operationalization of care guided by MHCA policy guidelines.(AU)

Este artículo tuvo por objetivo conocer cómo opera una red asistencial a partir de la percepción de familiares de niños con demanda de atención en salud mental (SM). Se realizaron dos grupos focales, uno con familiares de Atención Primaria (AP) y otro con familiares del Centro de Atención Psicosocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSij), totalizando 15 participantes. Se realizó análisis léxico del tipo clasificación jerárquica descendente con la ayuda del software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ), lo que resultó en cinco clases: "La píldora mágica"; "Fortalezas y debilidades de los servicios"; "En busca de ayuda"; "Aceptar el diagnóstico del niño" y "¿Dónde busqué ayuda?". Los resultados apuntan las dificultades presentes en AP para identificar y manejar situaciones de salud mental infantojuvenil (SMIJ) mediante una lógica aún medicalizante. La escuela tiene un lugar destacado en la producción de la demanda de cuidados y la familia aún no está muy involucrada en la construcción de acciones. Se concluye que se necesitan avances para ofertar una atención guiada por lineamientos de la política del SMIJ.(AU)

A clínica psicanalítica das urgências subjetivas no hospital universitário: construção de um caso clínico / Psychoanalysis of subjective urgencies at a university hospital: construing a clinical case / La clínica psicoanalítica de urgencias subjetivas en el hospital universitario: construcción de un caso clínico

O hospital constitui-se como um contexto em que a urgência subjetiva pode vir a se apresentar de forma frequente, instaurando, para cada sujeito, uma vivência de angústia. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar as possibilidades para uma clínica das urgências subjetivas no contexto de um hospital universitário em Salvador, considerando as vivências em uma residência multiprofissional. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório, em que se realizou revisão teórica sobre o tema e se construiu um caso clínico, sob orientação psicanalítica. A escolha do caso baseou-se na escuta clínica ao longo dos atendimentos e da atuação em equipe multiprofissional, considerando os impasses ao longo do tratamento. Foram utilizados registros documentais produzidos pela psicóloga residente ao longo dos atendimentos, que ocorreram durante três meses. Os resultados apontam para as contribuições da escuta psicanalítica no tratamento das urgências e na atuação em equipe multiprofissional no contexto hospitalar. A subjetivação da urgência permitiu, no caso em questão, um tratamento pela palavra do que havia incidido diretamente no corpo como fenômeno. Conclui-se pela relevância em discutir o tema da urgência e suscitar novas pesquisas, reintroduzindo no contexto hospitalar a questão sobre a subjetividade.(AU)

Hospitals are contexts in which subjective urgency can frequently materialize, triggering an experience of anguish for each subject. Hence, this research investigates the possibilities of establishing a subjective urgency clinic at a university hospital in Salvador, considering the experiences in a multidisciplinary residence. A qualitative, exploratory research was conducted by means of a theoretical review on the topic and construction of a clinical case, under psychoanalytical advisement. The case was chosen based on clinical listening during the sessions and performance in a multidisciplinary team, considering the obstacles for long-term treatment. Data were collected from documentary records produced by the resident psychologist during three months. Results point to the contributions of psychoanalytic listening to treating subjective urgencies and to the performance of a multidisciplinary team in the hospital context. In the case in question, subjectivation of urgency allowed a treatment through the word of affecting phenomenon. In conclusion, discussing urgency and conducting further research, are fundamental to reintroduce subjectivity in the hospital context.(AU)

El hospital es un contexto en el que frecuentemente se puede percibir una urgencia subjetiva, estableciendo una experiencia de angustia para cada sujeto. El objetivo de esta investigación fue investigar las posibilidades de una clínica de urgencia subjetiva en el contexto de un hospital universitario en Salvador (Brasil), considerando las experiencias en una Residencia Multiprofesional. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, de carácter exploratorio, en la que se realizó una revisión teórica sobre el tema y construcción de un caso clínico, con orientación psicoanalítica. La elección del caso se basó en la escucha clínica a lo largo de las sesiones y actuación en un equipo multidisciplinar, considerando los impasses para el tratamiento a largo plazo. Se utilizaron registros documentales elaborados por el psicólogo residente, durante las atenciones, que se realizaron durante tres meses. Los resultados apuntan a las contribuciones de la escucha psicoanalítica en el tratamiento de urgencias y en la actuación de un equipo multidisciplinario en el contexto hospitalario. La subjetivación de la urgencia permitió, en el caso en cuestión, un tratamiento a través de la palabra de lo que había afectado directamente al cuerpo como fenómeno. Se concluye que es relevante discutir el tema de la urgencia y plantear nuevas investigaciones, reintroduciendo el tema de la subjetividad en el contexto hospitalario.(AU)

París, 2022: un reencuentro de logros y retos para la Terapia Ocupacional mundial / Paris, 2022: a reunion of achievements and challengesfor global Occupational Therapy / Paris, 2022: um reencontro de sucessos e desafios para a Terapia Ocupacional mundial

Esta editorial recupera algunos datos y reflexiones de lo sucedido en la 35ª Reunión de delegados de la Federación Mundial de Terapeutas Ocupacionales -WFOT y el 18º Congreso Mundial de la WFOT, eventos celebrados en agosto de 2022 en la ciudad de París, Francia. Resalta la fortaleza del reencuentro y señala la importante agenda que tuvo el Congreso, en una amplia y poderosa divulgación del saber, la investigación y la experiencia de las y los terapeutas ocupacionales del mundo, en todas las áreas y dominios de su ejercicio profesional.

The editorial recovers some data and reflections of what happened in the 35th Meeting of delegates of the World Federation of Occupational Therapists ­ WFOT and the 18th WFOT Congress, that were held in August 2022 in the city of Paris, France. It highlights the strength of the reunion and points out the important agenda that the Congress had in a broad and powerful dissemination of knowledge, research, and experience of occupational therapists around the world, in all areas and domains of his professional practice.

Esta editorial recupera alguns dados e reflexões do que aconteceu tanto no 35º Encontro de delegados da Federação Mundial de Terapeutas Ocupacionais ­ WFOT quanto no 18º Congresso Mundial da WFOT, os quais foram realizados em agosto de 2022, na cidade de Paris, França. Destaca a força do reencontro e aponta à importante agenda que o Congresso teve em uma ampla e poderosa disseminação de conhecimento, pesquisa e experiência dos terapeutas ocupacionais ao redor do mundo, em todas as áreas e domínios da sua prática profissional.

Análisis de influencias de la perspectiva marxista en el paradigma social de la ocupación / Analysis of influences of the Marxist perspective on the social paradigm of occupation / Análise de influências da perspetiva marxista no paradigma social da ocupação

La investigación analizó la influencia de la perspectiva marxista en el paradigma social de la ocupación. Se realizó una investigación bibliográfica narrativa, empleando una metodología cualitativa e interpretativa para analizar los conceptos de sujeto y lo social en tres propuestas ubicadas dentro de dicho paradigma: la teoría de la naturaleza ocupacional del ser Humano de Ann Wilcock, el modelo Kawa de Michael Iwama y la denominada perspectiva político-social de Terapia Ocupacional de Kronenberg, Algado y Pollard, cotejándolas con las mismas concepciones en la perspectiva marxista. Se identifica una influencia de la perspectiva marxista en la construcción de los textos seleccionados y en las concepciones de sujeto y lo social, más clara ­y en ocasiones explícita­ en las propuestas de Ann Wilcock y Kronenberg, Algado y Pollard. En el caso del modelo Kawa, pudieron reconocerse menos puntos de encuentro, lo que puede atribuirse al influjo de una cosmovisión de Oriente.

The research analyzed the Marxist perspective influence on the social paradigm of occupation. Narrative bibliographic research was carried out, using a qualitative and interpretive methodology to analyze the concepts of the subject and the social in three proposals located within said paradigm: the theory of the occupational nature of the human being by Ann Wilcock, the Kawa model by Michael Iwama and the so called political-social perspective of Occupational Therapy by Kronenberg, Algado and Pollard, comparing them with the same conceptions in the Marxist perspective. An influence of the Marxist perspective is identified in the construction of the selected texts and the conceptions of the subject and the social, more clearly ­and sometimes explicitly­ in the proposals of Ann Wilcock and Kronenberg, Algado and Pollard. In the case of the Kawa model, fewer meeting points could be recognized, which can be attributed to the influence of a worldview from the East.

A pesquisa analisou a influência da perspectiva marxista no paradigma social da ocupação. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica narrativa, utilizando uma metodologia qualitativa e interpretativa para analisar os conceitos de sujeito e de social em três propostas situadas dentro do referido paradigma: a teoria da natureza ocupacional do ser humano, de Ann Wilcock, o modelo Kawa, de Michael Iwama e a chamada perspectiva político-social da Terapia Ocupacional, de Kronenberg, Algado e Pollard, comparando-as com as mesmas concepções na perspectiva marxista. Identifica-se uma influência da perspectiva marxista na construção dos textos selecionados e nas concepções do sujeito e do social, de forma mais clara ­ e às vezes explícita ­ nas propostas de Ann Wilcock e Kronenberg, Algado e Pollard. No caso do modelo Kawa, menos pontos de encontro puderam ser reconhecidos, o que pode ser atribuído à influência de uma cosmovisão oriental.