Carcinoma escamocelular bucal. Caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Oral squamous cell carcinoma. Case report and review of literature

Introducción: el cáncer escamocelular (CEC) representa el 90-95% de todos los tipos de cáncer. En México, la frecuencia de CEC bucal (CECB) se ha incrementado y presenta una incidencia entre el 1 y el 5%. El CECB se asocia con sujetos en la quinta y séptima década de la vida, el sexo masculino, positivos a tabaquismo, alcoholismo, factores genéticos, inmunosupresión, infección por virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y estilos de vida poco saludables, entre otros. El objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar un caso clínico como ejemplo de las características emergentes en un paciente con CECB. Caso clínico: mujer de 38 años, con úlcera indurada, parcialmente adherida a planos profundos y dolorosa, asociada con un aumento de volumen, ubicada en vientre y borde lateral de lengua. Se realizó biopsia y con el diagnóstico histopatológico de carcinoma escamocelular invasor bien diferenciado, se procedió a determinar la presencia delVPH y resultó positivo a VPH 16. Se realizó tratamiento oncológico combinado (quirúrgico-radiación-quimioterapia), con buenos resultados para la paciente respecto a la estética y función. Conclusiones: se analizaron varios estudios que evalúan la presencia del VPH en lesiones de CECB, como un factor de riesgo que involucra con mayor frecuencia casos de pacientes jóvenes, la localización en lengua y antecedentes negativospara tabaquismo y alcoholismo frente a casos de CECB no asociados al VPH. Se requieren datos que contribuyan a dilucidar diversos aspectos aún desconocidos sobre la infección bucal por VPH y su relación con el CECB.

Background: Squamous cell cancer (SCC) represents 90-95% of all types of cancer. In Mexico, the frequency of oral SCC (OSCC) has increased, with an incidence between 1 and 5%. OSCC is associated with subjects in the 5 and 7th decade of life, males, positive for smoking, alcoholism, genetic factors, immunosuppression, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and unhealthy lifestyles, among others. Theobjectiveof thisworkwas to presenta clinical case as an example of the emerging characteristics in a patient with OSCC. Clinical case: 38-year-old female patient, with indurated ulcer, partially adhered to deep planes and painful, associated with an increase in volume, located on the belly and lateral edge of the tongue. A biopsy was performed and with the histopathological diagnosis of well differentiated invasive squamous cell carcinoma, the presence of HPV was determined, resulting positive for HPV-16. Combined cancer treatment was performed (surgical radiation-chemotherapy), with good results for the patient regarding aesthetics and function. Conclusions: We analyzed several studies evaluating the presence of HPV in lesions of OSCC, as a risk factor that involves more frequently cases of young patients, with location in tongue, and negative antecedents for smoking and alcoholism compared to cases of OSCC not associated with HPV. Data are required to help elucidate various still unknown aspects of oral HPV infection and its relationship with OSCC.

The enhanced genomic 6 mA metabolism contributes to the proliferation and migration of TSCC cells / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

In contrast to the well-established genomic 5-methylcytosine (5mC), the existence of N6-methyladenine (6 mA) in eukaryotic genomes was discovered only recently. Initial studies found that it was actively regulated in cancer cells, suggesting its involvement in the process of carcinogenesis. However, the contribution of 6 mA in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) still remains uncharacterized. In this study, a pan-cancer type analysis was first performed, which revealed enhanced 6 mA metabolism in diverse cancer types. The study was then focused on the regulation of 6 mA metabolism, as well as its effects on TSCC cells. To these aspects, genome 6 mA level was found greatly increased in TSCC tissues and cultured cells. By knocking down 6 mA methylases N6AMT1 and METTL4, the level of genomic 6 mA was decreased in TSCC cells. This led to suppressed colony formation and cell migration. By contrast, knockdown of 6 mA demethylase ALKBH1 resulted in an increased 6 mA level, enhanced colony formation, and cell migration. Further study suggested that regulation of the NF-κB pathway might contribute to the enhanced migration of TSCC cells. Therefore, in the case of TSCC, we have shown that genomic 6 mA modification is involved in the proliferation and migration of cancer cells.

Schwannoma lingual: presentación de un caso y breve revisión de la literatura / Lingual schwannoma: case report and brief review of the literature

Objetivo: Reportar un caso de schwannoma lingual, así como revisar las características diagnósticas (clínicas, por imágenes e histopatológicas) y terapéuticas de esta patología mediante las publicaciones disponibles. Caso clínico: Se presenta un caso de schwannoma in- traoral en un hombre de 26 años de edad con un tumor ubica- do en el tercio anterior de la lengua. Se resolvió mediante un único procedimiento quirúrgico bajo anestesia local sin obser- varse recidivas ni secuelas al menos a 12 meses de seguimien- to a distancia. El schwannoma de la lengua es poco frecuente pero sus características clínico-imagenológicas presentan ras- gos benignos que favorecen la resolución mediante una única biopsia quirúrgica total cuando el tamaño y la ubicación sean propicios para ello (AU)

To describe a case of lingual schwannoma, and through a literature review, to provide data on clinical, imaging and pathological features, as well as treatment methods. Clinical case: A 26-year-old male patient with a swelling in the tip of the tongue was diagnosed as having oral schwannoma. A single surgery was performed, without recurrence or postoperative complications at least during a 12-month follow-up. Lingual schwannoma is a rare entity with benign clinical and imaging characteristics that ena- ble surgical removal without prior biopsy when size and oral location are favorable (AU))

Inmunoexpresión de p53 y su relación con el grado de severidad en displasia epitelial oral / Immunoexpression of p53 and its relationship with the degree of severity in oral epithelial dysplasia

Introducción: La displasia epitelial oral (DEO) es la presencia de alteraciones celulares y tisulares, lo que puede significar una etapa anterior al desarrollo del cáncer. Múltiples marcadores han sido considerados para estimar su potencial neoplásico y evolución a carcinoma, incluyendo a la molécula p53, se considera como participe de diversos fenómenos de la homeostasis celular. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la inmunoexpresión de p53 DO-7 y PAb 240 con el grado de severidad de la displasia epitelial oral. Material y métodos: Se analizaron nueve muestras de DEO (tres para cada grado de severidad). La inmunoexpresión de p53 tipo silvestre (DO-7) y forma mutada (PAb 240), fue determinada a través de ensayo de inmunohistoquímica por peroxidasa. Se obtuvieron la media y desviación estándar y se realizó la prueba χ2 (p < 0.05). Resultados: La edad media fue de 65.7 ± 11.4 años, la zona anatómica con mayor presencia de DEO es el borde lateral de la lengua. Ocho de nueve muestras fueron positivas para DO-7 y solo dos para PAb 240. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados indican que, aunque la expresión de p53 DO-7 podría estar relacionada parcialmente con la patogénesis de la displasia epitelial, no todas las displasias presentaron la forma mutada de p53 (PAb 240). Lo cual coincide con el comportamiento biológico incierto de las displasias al poder permanecer sin cambios, involucionar o transformarse

Introduction: Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is the presence of cellular and tissue alterations, which may mean a stage prior to the development of cancer. Multiple markers have been considered to estimate its pathogenic potential and evolution to neoplasms, including the p53 molecule, considered as participating in various phenomena of cellular homeostasis. Objective: To determine the relationship between the immunoexpression of p53 DO-7 and PAb 240 with the degree of severity of oral epithelial dysplasia. Material and methods: Nine OED samples were analyzed (three for each degree of severity). The immunoexpression of wild-type p53 (DO-7) and mutated form (PAb 240) was determined through a peroxidase immunohistochemical assay. The mean and standard deviation were obtained, and χ2 test (p < 0.05) were performed. Results: The mean age was 65.7 ± 11.4 years, with a greater presence of OED in the anatomical area of the lateral side of the tongue. Eight out of nine samples were positive for DO-7 and only two for PAb 240. Conclusions: Our results indicate that, although the expression of p53 DO-7 could be partially related to the pathogenesis of epithelial dysplasia, not all dysplasias presented the mutated form of p53 (PAb 240), which coincides that not all dysplasias have a potential for malignant transformation and that could be related to other oncogenic mechanisms (AU)

Carcinoma de células escamosas de la lengua / Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue

Las neoplasias de la lengua son los tumores más comunes de la cavidad bucal y la mayoría pertenecen a carcinomas de células escamosas. Presentamos dos casos de carcinomas de la lengua, correspondientes a un carcinoma escamoso moderadamente diferenciado y un carcinoma verrugoso, en mujeres de mediana edad con factores de riesgo oncogénicos. Estos tumores pueden tener diversos grados de diferenciación, los cuales determinan su pronóstico y tratamiento.

Tongue neoplasms are the most common in the oral cavity, and the majority correspond to squamous cell carcinomas. We present two cases of tongue carcinomas, corresponding to moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma, in middle-aged women with oncogenic risk factors.These tumors can have various degrees of differentiation, which determine their prognosis and treatment.

Polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase-7 and -9 are associated with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract Matrix degradation is an important event in the progression, invasion and metastasis of malignant head and neck lesions. Imbalances, mutations and polymorphisms of MMPs and their inhibitors are observed in several cancer subtypes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the MMP-7 gene promoter (181 A/G) and MMP-9 (-1562 C/T) polymorphisms in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). MMP-7 (rs11568818) and MMP-9 (rs3918242) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis in 71 cases of OTSCC. Normal tissue specimens were obtained from 60 healthy volunteers to serve as the control. The MMP-7 G allele and MMP-9 T allele were more frequent in the OTSCC group than the control group, but only when these two SNPs were taken together was a significant association found with the nodal metastasis of OTSCC (p < 0.001). Based on our results, SNPs in the promoter region of MMP-7 and MMP-9 appear to be associated with greater risk of developing OTSCC, and with a higher propensity to form metastatic tumors. In this respect, molecular studies investigating polymorphisms may be useful in predicting tumor behavior.

Association of Socio-Demographic and Clinicopathological Risk Factors with Oral Cancers: A 19-Year Retrospective Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the association of socio-demographic and clinic-pathological risk factors with oral cancer in Kelantan, Malaysia. Material and Methods: A 19-year cross-sectional survey was performed in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Malaysia. Medical record of 301 oral cancer patients was retrieved from the Medical Records office. Results: The majority of the oral cancer cases were male (62.8%), non-smokers (57.5%), non-alcohol consumers (83.4%), non-betel quid chewers (96.7%), and belonged to Malay ethnicity (68.8%). At the time of diagnosis, most of the patients were at stage II (38.9%). Approximately one-third (30.6%) of the total OC patients experienced loco-regional/distant metastasis, whereas no metastasis was detected in around two-thirds of cases (69.4%). A combination of surgery and radiotherapy was the most commonly employed treatment modality (27.2%). At the time of this study, the survival status of most of the patients was alive (69.1%). The most frequently encountered oral cancer in the Kelantanese population was oral squamous cell carcinoma (70.1%), with the tongue being the most frequently involved oral cavity site (35.5%). Conclusion: More than three-fourths of the cases were alive at follow-up, which included the cases that did not undergo any form of treatment.

Hsa_circ_0002162 has a critical role in malignant progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma through targeting miR-33a-5p

The aim of this study was to explore the effect of hsa_circ_0002162 on regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion, and investigate its potential target microRNA (miRNA) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). Hsa_circ_0002162 expression was detected in human TSCC cell lines and human oral keratinocytes (HOK) cell line. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and candidate target miRNA expressions were detected in hsa_circ_0002162 knockdown-treated CAL-27 cells and hsa_circ_0002162 overexpression-treated SCC-9 cells. In the rescue experiment, miR-33a-5p knockdown plasmid was transfected into hsa_circ_0002162 knockdown-treated CAL-27 cells, while miR-33a-5p overexpression plasmid was transfected into hsa_circ_0002162 overexpression-treated SCC-9 cells. Subsequently, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion were detected, and then luciferase reporter assay was performed. Hsa_circ_0002162 expression was increased in human TSCC cell lines SCC-9, CAL-27, HSC-4, and SCC-25 compared with HOK. In CAL-27 cells, hsa_circ_0002162 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and invasion and promoted apoptosis. In SCC-9 cells, hsa_circ_0002162 overexpression enhanced cell proliferation and invasion and suppressed apoptosis. Furthermore, a negative regulation of hsa_circ_0002162 on miR-33a-5p (but not miR-302b-5p and miR-545-5p) was observed. In the rescue experiment, miR-33a-5p knockdown increased cell proliferation and invasion, and decreased apoptosis in hsa_circ_0002162 knockdown-treated CAL-27 cells, whereas miR-33a-5p overexpression decreased cell proliferation and invasion, but increased apoptosis in hsa_circ_0002162 overexpression-treated SCC-9 cells. The luciferase reporter assay showed the direct binding of hsa_circ_0002162 to miR-33a-5p. In conclusion, hsa_circ_0002162 had an important role in malignant progression of TSCC through targeting miR-33a-5p.

Metastasis from tongue squamous cell carcinoma to the kidney

Metastasis to the kidney from other primary sites is extremely rare. Previous studies reported the lung as the most common primary site. Distant metastasis from the tongue to the kidney is exceedingly rare. Herein, we describe a case of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma to the kidney in a 71-year-old male with a detailed discussion of differentiating it from potential mimickers. The patient underwent a total glossectomy and bilateral cervical lymph node dissection. A diagnosis of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue was rendered and the tumor was staged pT3 pN3b. Within two years of initial presentation, the patient developed widely metastatic disease, including pulmonary nodules, renal masses, left adrenal mass, and pancreatic mass. Accurate diagnosis of a secondary involvement of the kidney by a metastatic tumor requires the appropriate correlation of clinical and imaging findings as well as morphologic and immunohistochemical clues.

Effect of acidic culture conditions on the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration ability of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells and its related mechanism / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study aims to explore the effect of acidic culture conditions on the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration ability of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma SCC15 and CAL27 cells and its potential molecular mechanism.@*METHODS@#After acidic culture for different periods, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method was adop-ted to detect the cell proliferation of SCC15 and CAL27. Flow cytometry was employed to detect the apoptosis level of SCC15 and CAL27 cells. The migration ability of SCC15 and CAL27 after acidic culture was detected by scratch hea-ling test. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and survivin in SCC15 and CAL27 cells after acidic culture.@*RESULTS@#After culture for 24 h under acidic microenvironment, SCC15 and CAL27 cells grew rapidly and reached the stationary phase after adjustment for 3 days. The apoptosis levels of SCC15 and CAL27 cells decreased after acidic culture, but the most significant reduction occurred after 6 h of acidic culture. The scratch healing rates of SCC15 and CAL27 cells increased after acidic culture. The results of FQ-PCR showed that the mRNA expression levels of COX-2 and survivin in SCC15 and CAL27 cells increased after acidic culture.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Extracellular acidic microenvironment can inhibit the apoptosis of tongue squamous carcinoma cells, promote their migration, and induce more adaptable and malignant tongue squamous carcinoma cells. The mechanism may be related to COX-2 and survivin and their signal pathways.

Effect of RhoE expression on the migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study aims to investigate the effect of RhoE expression on the migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC).@*METHODS@#Forty-eight TSCC cases were selected from the Maxillofacial Surgery Center of Qingdao Municipal Hospital from 2017 to 2019. The expression of RhoE in the specimens (TSCC and adjacent tissues) was detected by immunohistochemistry, and RhoE mRNA and protein were extracted to further detect the expression of RhoE. SCC-4 and CAL-27 cells were selected for @*RESULTS@#The expression level of RhoE in TSCC was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues (@*CONCLUSIONS@#RhoE expression is low in TSCC. Over expression RhoE in TSCC can significantly decrease its migration and invasion abilities. Hence, RhoE may play an important role in regulating the metastasis and invasion of TSCC and provide a new target for gene therapy.

miR-532-3p inhibits the progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma by targeting podoplanin / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The association between miR-532-3p and tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) has been examined in the literature to improve the survival rate of patients with this tumor. However, further studies are needed to confirm the regulatory roles of this microRNA (miRNA) in TSCC. The objective of this study was to investigate the roles played by and the underlying mechanism used by the miR-532-3p/podoplanin (PDPN) axis in TSCC development.@*METHODS@#Western blotting and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were performed to evaluate the PDPN expression level in TSCC tissues and cells. The proliferative, adhesive, and migratory capabilities of TSCC cells (CAL-27 and CTSC-3) were examined using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), cell adhesion, and wound-healing assays, respectively. The dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assay was later conducted to confirm the relationship between miR-532-3p and PDPN.@*RESULTS@#The results indicated that PDPN expression was enriched in TSCC tissues and cells, and that the expression of PDPN was associated with some clinicopathological parameters of TSCC, including lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging (P = 0.010), and grading (P = 0.010). Further analysis also showed that PDPN knockdown inhibited the viability, adhesive ability, and migratory capacity of CAL-27 and CTSC-3 cells, effects that could be reversed by the application of a miR-532-3p inhibitor. Additionally, PDPN was found to be a direct target of miR-532-3p.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This research suggested that by targeting PDPN, miR-532-3p could inhibit cell proliferation viability, adhesion, and migration in TSCC. Findings also revealed that the miR-532-3p/PDPN axis might provide more insights into the prognosis and treatment of TSCC.

Effects of Osthole on Apoptosis and Autophagy of Human Tongue Cancer Tca8113 Cells / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the effects of osthole on the proliferation,apoptosis,and autophagy of human tongue cancer Tca8113 cells and explore its possible mechanism of action. Methods Tca8113 cells were cultured

Effects of isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase silencing on the migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#The effect of isoprenylcysteine carboxymethyltransferase (ICMT) silencing on the migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma was investigated by constructing the small interfering RNA (siRNA) of ICMT.@*METHODS@#Through liposomal transfection, siRNA was transfected into human tongue squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 and SCC-4 cells (ICMT-siRNA group) with a negative control group (transfected with NC-siRNA) and a blank control group (transfected with a transfection reagent but not with siRNA). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the mRNA expression of ICMT and RhoA in each group of cells after transfection and to measure the silencing efficiency. Western blot was applied to examine the expression levels of ICMT, total RhoA, membrane RhoA, ROCK1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 proteins in each group. The migration and invasion abilities were evaluated via wound healing and Transwell motility assays.@*RESULTS@#After CAL-27 and SCC-4 cells were transfected with ICMT-siRNA, the expression levels of ICMT genes and proteins decreased significantly in the experimental group compared with those in the negative and blank control groups (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The migration and invasion abilities of CAL-27 and SCC-4 cells were reduced significantly after the transfection of ICMT-siRNA, and the involved mechanism might be related to the RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway.

Effect of chromodomain helicase/ATPase DNA binding protein 1-like gene on the invasion and metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma CAL27 cells / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#A study was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism of chromodomain helicase/ATPase DNA binding protein 1-like gene (CHD1L) influencing the invasion and metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma and to provide a new target for clinical inhibition of invasion and metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.@*METHODS@#Ualcan website was used to analyze the expression of CHD1L in normal epithelial tissue and primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and to analyze the effect of lymph node metastasis on the expression of CHD1L in tissues with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The relationship between CHD1L expression and the survival rate of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma was tested by the GEPIA website. Western blot was used to quantify the levels of CHD1L protein in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma CAL27 and immortalized human skin keratinocyte cell HaCaT. After knocking down CAL27 in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells with an RNA interference plasmid, the cells were designated as SiCHD1L/CAL27 and Scr/CAL27. Western blot was utilized to detect the expression of CHD1L in each group of cells. The change in CAL27 cell proliferation ability was tested by EdU proliferation test after CHD1L knockdown. The change of cell migration ability of each group cells was tested through the wound healing assay. Western blot was used to detect epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker E-cadherin and Vimentin protein expression levels.@*RESULTS@#Ualcan database showed that the expression of CHD1L in primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues was higher than in normal epithelial tissues and in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues with lymph node metastasis. GEPIA website analysis showed that the overall survival rate of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with high expression of CHD1L was significantly lower than that of patients with low expression. Western blot results showed that CHD1L expression in human tongue squamous carcinoma cells CAL27 was higher than that of human normal skin cells HaCaT. CHD1L expression in SiCHD1L/CAL27 cells was much lower than that in Scr/CAL27 cells. Results of EdU proliferation experiments showed the significant reduction in the cell proliferation ability of the SiCHD1L/CAL27 cells. Results of the wound healing experiments showed the reduction in the migration capacity of the SiCHD1L/CAL27 cells. The expression of E-cadherin increased, whereas that of Vimentin decreased, in SiCHD1L/CAL27 cells.@*CONCLUSIONS@#CHD1L promoted the EMT, proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Effects of isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase silencing on the proliferation and apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to explore the effects of silencing isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransfe-rase (Icmt) through small interfering RNA (siRNA) interference on the proliferation and apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC).@*METHODS@#Three siRNA were designed and constructed for the Icmt gene sequence and were then transfected into TSCC cells CAL-27 and SCC-4 to silence Icmt expression. The tested cells were divided as follows: RNA interference groups Icmt-siRNA-1, Icmt-siRNA-2, and Icmt-siRNA-3, negative control group, and blank control group. The transfection efficiency of siRNA was detected by the fluorescent group Cy3-labeled siRNA, and the expression of Icmt mRNA was screened by quantitive real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) selected the experimental group for subsequent experiments. The expression of Icmt, RhoA, Cyclin D1, p21, extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), and phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK) were analyzed by Western blot. The proliferation abilities of TSCC cells were determined by cell counting kit-8 assay. The change in apoptosis was detected by AnnexinV-APC/propidium staining (PI) assay. Cell-cycle analysis was conducted by flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#The expression of Icmt mRNA and protein in TSCC cells significantly decreased after Icmt-siRNA transfection (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Silencing Icmt can effectively downregulate its expression in TSCC cells, reduce the RhoA membrane targeting localization and cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis. Thus, Icmt may be a potential gene therapy target for TSCC.

Application of iodine staining technique for tumor identification in Micro-CT of mouse model with skull base-infratemporal fossa tumor / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To establish an animal model with malignant tumor in the skull base-infratemporal region, and to explore the role of iodine staining technique in identifying tumor tissues with Micro-CT data.@*METHODS@#Sedation anesthesia was carried out on 12 BABL/c nude mice using inhaled isoflurane, and then WSU-HN6 cells that cultured and immortalized from human tongue squamous cell carcinoma were injected into the right infratemporal fossa via the submandibular area. The procedure was carried out under ultrasonographic guidance. The nude mice were sacrificed after 3 weeks observation. The head specimens were fixed and scanned by Micro-CT, and repeated scans were performed after staining with 3.75% compound iodine solution. Following decalcification in 20% EDTA for 2-4 weeks, the head specimens were embedded and sectioned. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Pan-Keratin immunohistochemical staining were carried out. Bright-field microscopy and stereomicroscopy were used to visualize. The Micro-CT data were analyzed using iPlan software (Brainlab).@*RESULTS@#Non-traumatic ultrasonography was used to guide HN-6 cells injection and confirm skull-base tumor formation in all the animals. Ultrasonographic guidance reduced the risk of cervical vessel injury when transferring tumor cells into the skull base space. An obvious asymmetrical appearance was detected via ultrasonography 3 weeks after tumor cell injection. The Micro-CT analysis showed that the bone was obviously damaged on the right side of the skull base, but the soft tissue image was unrecognizable. After four days staining with compound iodine solution, the morphology of the tumor and surrounding soft tissue could be clearly identified. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed the tumor formation of the right infratemporal fossa region accompanied by bone destruction. Human keratin immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumor tissue originated from human squamous cell carcinoma, and the polynuclear osteoclasts could be seen at the margin of the skull base bone resorption.@*CONCLUSION@#The animal model with malignant tumor in the skull base-infratemporal region could be successfully established via submandibular injection under ultrasound-guidance. Bone changes of the skull were easily observed on Micro-CT, but the tumor counter was not able to be distinguished from surrounding soft tissue. The 3.75% compound iodine staining of the head specimen could help discern the tumor and surrounding soft tissue in more details.

Effectiveness of simplified predictive intubation difficulty score and thyromental height in head and neck surgeries: an observational study / Eficácia do escore simplificado preditivo de dificuldade de intubação e da altura tiromentoniana em cirurgias de cabeça e pescoço: estudo observacional

Abstract Background and objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the predictive value of different airway assessment tools, including parts of the Simplified Predictive Intubation Difficulty Score (SPIDS), the SPIDS itself and the Thyromental Height Test (TMHT), in intubations defined as difficult by the Intubation Difficulty Score (IDS) in a group of patients who have head and neck pathologies. Methods: One hundred fifty-three patients who underwent head and neck surgeries were included in the study. The Modified Mallampati Test (MMT) result, Thyromental Distance (TMD), Ratio of the Height/Thyromental Distance (RHTMD), TMHT, maximum range of head and neck motion and mouth opening were measured. The SPIDSs were calculated, and the IDSs were determined. Results: A total of 25.4% of the patients had difficult intubations. SPIDS scores >10 had 86.27% sensitivity, 71.57% specificity and 91.2% Negative Predictive Value (NPV). The results of the Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analysis for the airway screening tests and SPIDS revealed that the SPIDS had the highest area under the curve; however, it was statistically similar to other tests, except for the MMT. Conclusions: The current study demonstrates the practical use of the SPIDS in predicting intubation difficulty in patients with head and neck pathologies. The performance of the SPIDS in predicting airway difficulty was found to be as efficient as those of the other tests evaluated in this study. The SPIDS may be considered a comprehensive, detailed tool for predicting airway difficulty.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: Neste estudo, avaliamos o valor preditivo de diferentes ferramentas de avaliação das vias aéreas, incluindo componentes do Escore Simplificado Preditivo de Intubação Difícil (ESPID), o próprio ESPID e a Medida da Altura Tireomentoniana (MATM), em intubações definidas como difícies pelo Escore de Dificuldade de Intubação (EDI) em um grupo de pacientes com patologia de cabeça e pescoço. Método: Incluímos no estudo 153 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço. Coletamos os resultados do Teste de Mallampati Modificado (TMM), Distância Tireomentoniana (DTM), Razão Altura/Distância Tireomentoniana (RADTM), MATM, amplitude máxima de movimentação da cabeça e pescoço e da abertura da boca. Os ESPIDs foram calculados e os EDIs, determinados. Resultados: Observamos intubação difícil em 25,4% dos pacientes. Os escores de ESPID > 10 tiveram sensibilidade de 86,27%, especificidade de 71,57% e valor preditivo negativo de 91,2% (VPN). O resultado da análise da curva de operação do receptor (curva ROC) para os testes de avaliação das vias aéreas e ESPID mostrou que o ESPID tinha a maior área sob a curva; no entanto, foi estatisticamente semelhante a outros testes, exceto para o TMM. Conclusões: O presente estudo demonstra o uso prático do ESPID na previsão da dificuldade de intubação em pacientes com patologia de cabeça e pescoço. O desempenho do ESPID na predição de via aérea difícil mostrou-se tão eficiente quanto os demais testes avaliados neste estudo. O ESPID pode ser considerado ferramenta abrangente e detalhada para prever via aérea difícil.

Role of twist and podoplanin in partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of podoplanin (PDPN) and Twist immunoexpressions in lower lip and oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (LLSCC and OTSCC, respectively). PDPN and Twist immunoexpressions were semi-quantitatively evaluated by analyzing the invasion front, the compressive areas, the large islands and nests and dissociated cells of the chosen carcinomas. Their statistical associations and correlations with clinical-pathological characteristics were verified by the Mann-Whitney and Spearman's test. Twist expression was low in both carcinomas, with <25% labeling on the invasive front. Significant differences were observed for LLSCC (p=0.032) and OTSCC (p=0.025) regarding PDPN immunoexpression in relation to the worst invasion patterns determined by a histological malignancy gradation system. Statistically significant negative correlations between PDPN membrane expression and general (r=-0.356, p=0.024) and cytoplasmic Twist expressions (r=-0.336; p=0.034) in LLSCC were also observed. Twist and PDPN are suggested to be associated to a more aggressive invasion pattern in both LLSCC and OTSCC cases but not related to the different biological behaviors on these anatomical sites. Also, it was seen that PDPN membrane expression is inversely related to general and cytoplasmic Twist expression in LLSCC cases.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma análise comparativa das imunoexpressões de podoplanina (PDPN) e Twist em carcinomas de células escamosas de lábio inferior e língua oral (CCELI e CCELO, respectivamente). As imunoexpressões de PDPN e Twist foram avaliadas semi-quantitativamente através da análise do front invasivo, das áreas compressivas, das grandes ilhas e ninhos e das células dissociadas dos carcinomas escolhidos. Suas associações estatísticas e correlações com características clínico-patológicas foram verificadas pelos testes de Mann-Whitney e Spearman. A expressão de Twist foi baixa nos dois carcinomas, com marcação <25% no front invasivo. Diferenças significativas foram observadas para CCELI (p=0,032) e CCELO (p=0,025) em relação à imunoexpressão de PDPN em relação aos piores padrões de invasão determinados por um sistema de gradação histológica de malignidade. Também foram observadas correlações negativas estatisticamente significantes entre a expressão membranar de PDPN e as expressões geral (r=-0,356, p=0,024) e citoplasmática do Twist (r=-0,336; p=0,034) no CCELI. Sugere-se que o Twist e o PDPN estejam associados a um padrão de invasão mais agressivo nos casos de CCELI e CCELO, mas não relacionados aos diferentes comportamentos biológicos nesses sítios anatômicos. Também foi observado que a expressão membranar de PDPN está inversamente relacionada à expressão geral e citoplasmática de Twist em casos de CCELI.