Carcinoma escamoso variedad sarcomatoide de lengua. Reporte de caso / Sarcomatoid variant squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Case report

Introducción. El carcinoma de células escamosas es una patología relativamente frecuente en Paraguay, que debe ser diagnosticada y tratada a tiempo. La variedad sarcomatoide es un subtipo poco frecuente, pero mucho más agresivo que la presentación convencional, con altas tasas de recurrencia y metástasis linfática. La exposición previa a radiación es uno de los principales factores desencadenantes. Caso clínico. Paciente de 83 años con antecedente de radioterapia por carcinoma escamocelular del paladar blando, quien consultó por una masa en el borde lateral de la lengua que correspondió a un carcinoma escamocelular del subtipo sarcomatoide. Resultados. El paciente fue sometido a cirugía y quimioterapia, pero presentó recaída tumoral a los cuatro meses, sin aceptar una cirugía de rescate, optando por el tratamiento paliativo y falleciendo a los pocos meses. Conclusión. El examen exhaustivo de la cavidad oral en una primera consulta permite identificar lesiones en estadios tempranos y el tratamiento multidisciplinario temprano puede mejorar la supervivencia global. El pronóstico de estos pacientes en estadios avanzados es desalentador. Actualmente la cirugía microvascular es la mejor opción terapéutica, pero la hemiglosectomía sin reconstrucción sigue siendo una opción aceptable en nuestro medio, conociendo los altos costos de la primera y el requerimiento de un grupo mayor de especialistas, largos tiempos quirúrgicos y estancias hospitalarias.

Introduction. Squamous cell carcinoma is a relatively common pathology in Paraguay, which must be diagnosed and treated on time. The sarcomatoid variety is a rare subtype, but much more aggressive than the conventional presentation, with high rates of recurrence and lymphatic metastasis. Previous exposure to radiation is one of the main triggering factors. Clinical case. An 83-year-old patient with a history of radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the soft palate, who consulted for a mass on the lateral edge of the tongue that corresponded to a squamous cell carcinoma of the sarcomatoid subtype. Results. The patient underwent surgery and chemotherapy, but had tumor relapse after four months, without accepting salvage surgery, opting for palliative treatment and dying a few months later. Conclusion. Exhaustive examination of the oral cavity in a first consultation allows lesions to be identified in early stages and early multidisciplinary treatment can improve overall survival. The prognosis of these patients in advanced stages is discouraging. Currently, microvascular surgery is the best therapeutic option, but hemiglossectomy without reconstruction continues to be an acceptable option in our environment, knowing the high costs of the former and the requirement for a larger group of specialists, long surgical times and hospital stays.

Fatores associados à indicação de via alternativa de alimentação após câncer de língua: uma revisão sistemática / Factors associated with the indication of alternative feeding following tongue cancer: a systematic review / Factores asociados a la indicacíon de via alternativa de nutrición después del cáncer de lengua: una revisión sistemática

Introdução: O câncer de cavidade oral constitui lesões da superfície da mucosa oral, e, devido às sequelas da doença e de seu tratamento, frequentemente ocorrem quadros de disfagia. Quando a alimentação por via oral se torna impossibilitada, é fundamental a indicação de vias alternativas de alimentação. Objetivo: verificar a ocorrência e os fatores associados ao uso de via alternativa de alimentação após câncer de língua. Método: A busca foi conduzida por dois pesquisadores independentes nas bases de dados Medline (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO, Scopus, WEB OF SCIENCE e BIREME sem restrição de idioma e localização, no período de 2010 a 2021. Para complementar e evitar viés de risco foi realizada uma busca por literatura cinza no Google Scholar. Critérios de Seleção: A revisão sistemática foi conduzida conforme as recomendações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Foram incluídos na pesquisa estudos que obtiveram pontuação ≥ a 6 pontos segundo o protocolo para pontuação qualitativa proposto por Pithon. Resultados: Os estudos mostram que a maioria dos indivíduos com câncer oral desenvolvem uma perda significativa de peso, necessitando de intervenção. O estágio geral da doença é um preditor significativo de perda de peso crítica em pacientes em tratamento. Conclusão: A indicação de via alternativa de alimentação após câncer de língua foi de 19,3% a 68,2%, e os fatores associados a essa indicação de VAA foram o estágio geral, cirurgia associada à terapia adjuvante, má adesão ao tratamento multidisciplinar, presença de complicações e baixa sobrevida. (AU)

Introduction: Oral cavity cancer constitutes lesions on the surface of the oral mucosa and, due to the consequences of the disease and its treatment, dysphagia often occurs. When oral feeding becomes impossible, it is essential to indicate alternative feeding routes. Objective: to verify the occurrence and factors associated with the use of an alternative feeding route after tongue cancer. Method: The search was conducted by two independent researchers in the Medline (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO, Scopus, WEB OF SCIENCE and BIREME databases without language and location restrictions, from 2010 to 2021. To complement and to avoid risk bias, a search for gray literature on Google Scholar was performed. Selection Criteria: The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Studies that scored ≥ 6 points according to the protocol for qualitative scoring proposed by Pithon. Results: Studies show that most individuals with oral cancer develop significant weight loss, requiring intervention. The overall stage of the disease is a significant predictor of critical weight loss in patients undergoing treatment. Conclusion: The indication of an alternative feeding route after tongue cancer was 19.3% to 68.2%, and the factors associated with this indication of AAV were the general stage, surgery associated with adjuvant therapy, poor adherence to multidisciplinary treatment, presence of complications and poor survival. (AU)

Introducción: El cáncer de cavidad oral constituye lesiones en la superficie de la mucosa oral y, debido a las consecuencias de la enfermedad y su tratamiento, es frecuente que se presente disfagia. Cuando la alimentación oral se hace imposible, es imprescindible la indicación de vías alternativas de alimentación. Objetivo: verificar la ocurrencia y los factores asociados al uso de una vía alternativa de alimentación después del cáncer de lengua. Método: La búsqueda fue realizada por dos investigadores independientes en las bases de datos Medline (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO, Scopus, WEB OF SCIENCE y BIREME, sin restricciones de idioma y ubicación, de 2010 a 2021. Para complementar y Evitar riesgo de sesgo, se realizó una búsqueda de literatura gris en Google Scholar. Criterios de selección: La revisión sistemática se llevó a cabo de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de Elementos de informe preferidos para revisiones sistemáticas y metanálisis (PRISMA). Los estudios que puntuaron ≥ 6 puntos según el protocolo de puntuación cualitativa propuesto por Pithon et al. (2015). Resultados: Los estudios muestran que la mayoría de las personas con cáncer oral desarrollan una pérdida de peso significativa, lo que requiere intervención. El estadio general de la enfermedad es un predictor significativo de pérdida de peso crítica en pacientes que reciben tratamiento. Conclusión: La indicación de vía alternativa de alimentación tras cáncer de lengua varió del 19,3% al 68,2%, y los factores asociados a esta indicación de AAV fueron el estadio general, cirugía asociada a terapia adyuvante, mala adherencia al tratamiento multidisciplinario, presencia de complicaciones y baja supervivencia. (AU)

Mutation-associated transcripts reconstruct the prognostic features of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma is highly malignant and has a poor prognosis. In this study, we aimed to combine whole-genome sequencing, whole-genome methylation, and whole-transcriptome analyses to understand the molecular mechanisms of tongue squamous cell carcinoma better. Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues from five patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma were included as five paired samples. After multi-omics sequencing, differentially methylated intervals, methylated loop sites, methylated promoters, and transcripts were screened for variation in all paired samples. Correlations were analyzed to determine biological processes in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. We found five mutated methylation promoters that were significantly associated with mRNA and lncRNA expression levels. Functional annotation of these transcripts revealed their involvement in triggering the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, which is associated with cancer progression and the development of drug resistance during treatment. The prognostic signature models constructed based on WDR81 and HNRNPH1 and combined clinical phenotype-gene prognostic signature models showed high predictive efficacy and can be applied to predict patient prognostic risk in clinical settings. We identified biological processes in tongue squamous cell carcinoma that are initiated by mutations in the methylation promoter and are associated with the expression levels of specific mRNAs and lncRNAs. Collectively, changes in transcript levels affect the prognosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Different forms of free radial collateral artery perforator flaps for reconstruction after removal of oral tumors / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the efficacies of different forms of free radial collateral artery perforator flaps in repairing the defects after oral tumor surgeries. Methods: From May 2016 to March 2021, 28 patients (22 males, 6 females, aged 35-62 years) with oral tumors admitted by Hunan Cancer Hospital received the reconstructive surgeries with the free radial collateral artery perforator flaps after removal of oral tumors, including 24 cases of tongue cancer (11 cases of tongue marginal cancer, 9 cases of tongue belly cancer and 4 cases of tongue cancer involved in the floor of the mouth) and 4 cases of buccal and oral cancer. Four forms of radial collateral artery perforator flaps were used: single perforator flaps for 6 cases, double perforators flaps for 7 cases, flaps without perforator visualization for 10 cases and chimeric perforator myocutaneous flaps for 5 cases. The recipient vessels were the superior thyroid artery and superior thyroid vein, and if second concomitant vein available, it was anastomosed with internal jugular vein in end-to-side fashion. SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean length of flaps was (9.7±0.4) cm, mean width (4.4±0.3) cm and mean thickness (1.1±0.4) cm. The mean length of the vascular pedicles was (7.1±0.6)cm (6.0-8.0 cm), the mean diameter of the radial accessory arteries was (1.1±0.3)mm (0.8-1.3 mm). Eleven cases(39.3%) had respectively one accompanying vein and 17 cases(60.7%) had respectively two accompanying veins, with the mean diameter of (1.1±0.3) mm (0.8-1.3 mm). All the 28 flaps survived, the donor and recipient wounds healed in one stage, the appearances of the flaps were satisfactory, only linear scars remained in the donor sites, and the upper arm functions were not significantly affected. Follow up for 12-43 months showed that the flaps were soft with partially mucosalization, the reconstructed tongue and buccal cavity were in good shape, and the swallowing and language functions were satisfactory. The swallowing and language functions were retained to the greatest extent in 3 cases with near total tongue resection, although the functions were still significantly affected. There was no local recurrence of the tumor during follow-up. One case had regional lymph node metastasis, and further lymph node dissection and comprehensive treatment were performed, with satisfactory outcomes. Conclusions: The vascular pedicle of the radial collateral artery perforator flap has a constant anatomy, which can be prepared in different forms to improve the safety of the operation and minimize the donor site damage. It is an ideal choice for the repair of small and medium-sized defects after oral tumor surgery.

Expression and effect of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is a common cancer in the oral and maxillofacial region, which seriously endangers people's life and health.Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1(hnRNP A2/B1) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the expression of a variety of genes and participates in the occurrence and development of a variety of cancers. This study aims to investigate the role of hnRNP A2/B1 in TSCC progression.@*METHODS@#The differential expression of hnRNP A2/B1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and normal oral mucosa cells and tissues was analyzed based on the gene expression profiles of GSE146483 and GSE85195 in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The correlation between hnRNP A2/B1 expression and disease-free survival of TSCC patients was analyzed based on TSCC related chip of GSE4676. TSCC cancer and paracancerous tissue samples of 30 patients were collected in Hunan Cancer Hospital from July to December 2021. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to verify the mRNA and protein expression of hnRNP A2/B1 in TSCC patients'samples, respectively. Human TSCC Tca-8113 cells were transfected with hnRNP A2/B1 empty vector (a sh-NC group), knockdown plasmid (a sh-hnRNP A2/B1 group), empty vector overexpression plasmid (an OE-NC group) and overexpression plasmid (an OE-hnRNP A2/B1 group), respectively. The knockdown or overexpression efficiency of hnRNP A2/B1 was detected by Western blotting. The proliferation activity of Tca-8113 cells was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), and the apoptosis rate of Tca-8113 cells was detected by flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#Based on the analysis of OSCC-related chips of GSE146483 and GSE85195 in the GEO database, it was found that hnRNP A2/B1 was differentially expressed in the OSCC and normal oral mucosa cells and tissues (all P<0.01). Meanwhile, the analysis of TSCC related chip GSE4676 confirmed that the expression of hnRNP A2/B1 was negatively correlated with the disease-free survival of TSCC patients (P=0.006). The results of real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that the relative expression levels of hnRNP A2/B1 mRNA and protein in TSCC tissues were significantly up-regulated compared with those in adjacent tissues (all P<0.01). The results of Western blotting showed that the expression level of hnRNP A2/B1 in Tca-8113 cells was significantly inhibited or promoted after knockdown or overexpression of hnRNP A2/B1 (all P<0.01). The results of CCK-8 and flow cytometry showed that inhibition of hnRNP A2/B1 expression in Tca-8113 cells reduced cell proliferation activity (P<0.05) and increased cell apoptic rate (P<0.01). Overexpression of hnRNP A2/B1 in Tca-8113 cells significantly increased cell proliferation (P<0.05) and decreased cell apoptosis (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#HnRNP A2/B1 is a key factor regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of TSCC cells. Inhibition of hnRNP A2/B1 expression can reduce the proliferation activity of TSCC cells and promote the apoptosis of TSCC cells.

Cordycepin, a metabolite of Cordyceps militaris, inhibits xenograft tumor growth of tongue squamous cell carcinoma in nude mice / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the inhibitory effect of cordycepin on oral cancer xenograft in nude mice and explore the underlying mechanisms.@*METHODS@#Sixteen BALB/c mice bearing subcutaneous human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) TCA-8113 cell xenografts were randomized into model group and cordycepin treatment group for daily treatment with saline and cordycepin for 4 weeks. After the treatment, the tumor xenografts were dissected and weighed to assess the tumor inhibition rate. Histological changes in the heart, spleen, liver, kidney, and lung of the mice were evaluated with HE staining, and tumor cell apoptosis was examined using TUNEL staining; The expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, GRP78, CHOP, and caspase-12 in the xenografts were detected using RT-qPCR and Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#Cordycepin treatment resulted in a tumor inhibition rate of 56.09% in the nude mouse models, induced obvious changes in tumor cell morphology and significantly enhanced apoptotic death of the tumor cells without causing pathological changes in the vital organs. Cordycepin treatment also significantly reduced Bcl-2 expression (P < 0.05) and increased Bax, GRP78, CHOP, and caspase-12 expressions at both the RNA and protein levels in the tumor tissues.@*CONCLUSION@#Cordycepin treatment can induce apoptotic death of TCA-8113 cell xenografts in nude mice via the endogenous mitochondrial pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways.

The enhanced genomic 6 mA metabolism contributes to the proliferation and migration of TSCC cells / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

In contrast to the well-established genomic 5-methylcytosine (5mC), the existence of N6-methyladenine (6 mA) in eukaryotic genomes was discovered only recently. Initial studies found that it was actively regulated in cancer cells, suggesting its involvement in the process of carcinogenesis. However, the contribution of 6 mA in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) still remains uncharacterized. In this study, a pan-cancer type analysis was first performed, which revealed enhanced 6 mA metabolism in diverse cancer types. The study was then focused on the regulation of 6 mA metabolism, as well as its effects on TSCC cells. To these aspects, genome 6 mA level was found greatly increased in TSCC tissues and cultured cells. By knocking down 6 mA methylases N6AMT1 and METTL4, the level of genomic 6 mA was decreased in TSCC cells. This led to suppressed colony formation and cell migration. By contrast, knockdown of 6 mA demethylase ALKBH1 resulted in an increased 6 mA level, enhanced colony formation, and cell migration. Further study suggested that regulation of the NF-κB pathway might contribute to the enhanced migration of TSCC cells. Therefore, in the case of TSCC, we have shown that genomic 6 mA modification is involved in the proliferation and migration of cancer cells.

Application value of indocyanine green fluorescence in sentinel lymph node biopsy for early-stage tongue cancer and oropharyngeal cancer / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Occult cervical lymph node metastasis is the most important reason for recurrence of early-stage tongue cancer and oropharyngeal cancer. Cervical sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy may help to identify them. Pigment dyes and radionuclide were used to label SLN. Both of them had shortage. This study aims to investigate the application and clinical value of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in cervical SLN biopsy for patients with early-stage tongue cancer and oropharyngeal cancer.@*METHODS@#Retrospective analysis was conducted on 23 patients with early tongue cancer and oropharyngeal cancer, who received surgical treatment and used indocyanine green as a tracer to find SLN in Hunan Cancer Hospital from April to October 2021. The detection rate of SLN was calculated and the distribution of SLN in different regions of the neck was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#SLN was successfully identified in 22 of 23 patients, with a detection rate of 95.65%. Among these 22 patients, 3 patients were found to have cancer metastasis, and the rate of occult lymph node metastasis was 13.63%. No pathologically positive lymph nodes were detected in SLN-negative patients, and thus the positive predictive rate was 100%. For patients with primary lesions located in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, the constituent ratios of SLN in neck area I, II, III, and IV were 15.15%, 71.72%, 13.13%, and 0, respectively. For patients with primary lesions located in base of the tongue, the constituent ratios of SLN in neck area I, II, III, and IV were 0, 44.44%, 44.44%, and 11.12%, respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging has a high detection rate with accurate positive prediction in the anterior cervical SLN biopsy in patients with early-stage tongue cancer and oropharyngeal cancer. Meanwhile, it can also reflect the lymphatic drainage of tumors located at different primary sites, which has high clinical value.

Carcinoma escamocelular bucal. Caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Oral squamous cell carcinoma. Case report and review of literature

Introducción: el cáncer escamocelular (CEC) representa el 90-95% de todos los tipos de cáncer. En México, la frecuencia de CEC bucal (CECB) se ha incrementado y presenta una incidencia entre el 1 y el 5%. El CECB se asocia con sujetos en la quinta y séptima década de la vida, el sexo masculino, positivos a tabaquismo, alcoholismo, factores genéticos, inmunosupresión, infección por virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y estilos de vida poco saludables, entre otros. El objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar un caso clínico como ejemplo de las características emergentes en un paciente con CECB. Caso clínico: mujer de 38 años, con úlcera indurada, parcialmente adherida a planos profundos y dolorosa, asociada con un aumento de volumen, ubicada en vientre y borde lateral de lengua. Se realizó biopsia y con el diagnóstico histopatológico de carcinoma escamocelular invasor bien diferenciado, se procedió a determinar la presencia delVPH y resultó positivo a VPH 16. Se realizó tratamiento oncológico combinado (quirúrgico-radiación-quimioterapia), con buenos resultados para la paciente respecto a la estética y función. Conclusiones: se analizaron varios estudios que evalúan la presencia del VPH en lesiones de CECB, como un factor de riesgo que involucra con mayor frecuencia casos de pacientes jóvenes, la localización en lengua y antecedentes negativospara tabaquismo y alcoholismo frente a casos de CECB no asociados al VPH. Se requieren datos que contribuyan a dilucidar diversos aspectos aún desconocidos sobre la infección bucal por VPH y su relación con el CECB.

Background: Squamous cell cancer (SCC) represents 90-95% of all types of cancer. In Mexico, the frequency of oral SCC (OSCC) has increased, with an incidence between 1 and 5%. OSCC is associated with subjects in the 5 and 7th decade of life, males, positive for smoking, alcoholism, genetic factors, immunosuppression, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and unhealthy lifestyles, among others. Theobjectiveof thisworkwas to presenta clinical case as an example of the emerging characteristics in a patient with OSCC. Clinical case: 38-year-old female patient, with indurated ulcer, partially adhered to deep planes and painful, associated with an increase in volume, located on the belly and lateral edge of the tongue. A biopsy was performed and with the histopathological diagnosis of well differentiated invasive squamous cell carcinoma, the presence of HPV was determined, resulting positive for HPV-16. Combined cancer treatment was performed (surgical radiation-chemotherapy), with good results for the patient regarding aesthetics and function. Conclusions: We analyzed several studies evaluating the presence of HPV in lesions of OSCC, as a risk factor that involves more frequently cases of young patients, with location in tongue, and negative antecedents for smoking and alcoholism compared to cases of OSCC not associated with HPV. Data are required to help elucidate various still unknown aspects of oral HPV infection and its relationship with OSCC.

Schwannoma lingual: presentación de un caso y breve revisión de la literatura / Lingual schwannoma: case report and brief review of the literature

Objetivo: Reportar un caso de schwannoma lingual, así como revisar las características diagnósticas (clínicas, por imágenes e histopatológicas) y terapéuticas de esta patología mediante las publicaciones disponibles. Caso clínico: Se presenta un caso de schwannoma in- traoral en un hombre de 26 años de edad con un tumor ubica- do en el tercio anterior de la lengua. Se resolvió mediante un único procedimiento quirúrgico bajo anestesia local sin obser- varse recidivas ni secuelas al menos a 12 meses de seguimien- to a distancia. El schwannoma de la lengua es poco frecuente pero sus características clínico-imagenológicas presentan ras- gos benignos que favorecen la resolución mediante una única biopsia quirúrgica total cuando el tamaño y la ubicación sean propicios para ello (AU)

To describe a case of lingual schwannoma, and through a literature review, to provide data on clinical, imaging and pathological features, as well as treatment methods. Clinical case: A 26-year-old male patient with a swelling in the tip of the tongue was diagnosed as having oral schwannoma. A single surgery was performed, without recurrence or postoperative complications at least during a 12-month follow-up. Lingual schwannoma is a rare entity with benign clinical and imaging characteristics that ena- ble surgical removal without prior biopsy when size and oral location are favorable (AU))

Inmunoexpresión de p53 y su relación con el grado de severidad en displasia epitelial oral / Immunoexpression of p53 and its relationship with the degree of severity in oral epithelial dysplasia

Introducción: La displasia epitelial oral (DEO) es la presencia de alteraciones celulares y tisulares, lo que puede significar una etapa anterior al desarrollo del cáncer. Múltiples marcadores han sido considerados para estimar su potencial neoplásico y evolución a carcinoma, incluyendo a la molécula p53, se considera como participe de diversos fenómenos de la homeostasis celular. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la inmunoexpresión de p53 DO-7 y PAb 240 con el grado de severidad de la displasia epitelial oral. Material y métodos: Se analizaron nueve muestras de DEO (tres para cada grado de severidad). La inmunoexpresión de p53 tipo silvestre (DO-7) y forma mutada (PAb 240), fue determinada a través de ensayo de inmunohistoquímica por peroxidasa. Se obtuvieron la media y desviación estándar y se realizó la prueba χ2 (p < 0.05). Resultados: La edad media fue de 65.7 ± 11.4 años, la zona anatómica con mayor presencia de DEO es el borde lateral de la lengua. Ocho de nueve muestras fueron positivas para DO-7 y solo dos para PAb 240. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados indican que, aunque la expresión de p53 DO-7 podría estar relacionada parcialmente con la patogénesis de la displasia epitelial, no todas las displasias presentaron la forma mutada de p53 (PAb 240). Lo cual coincide con el comportamiento biológico incierto de las displasias al poder permanecer sin cambios, involucionar o transformarse

Introduction: Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is the presence of cellular and tissue alterations, which may mean a stage prior to the development of cancer. Multiple markers have been considered to estimate its pathogenic potential and evolution to neoplasms, including the p53 molecule, considered as participating in various phenomena of cellular homeostasis. Objective: To determine the relationship between the immunoexpression of p53 DO-7 and PAb 240 with the degree of severity of oral epithelial dysplasia. Material and methods: Nine OED samples were analyzed (three for each degree of severity). The immunoexpression of wild-type p53 (DO-7) and mutated form (PAb 240) was determined through a peroxidase immunohistochemical assay. The mean and standard deviation were obtained, and χ2 test (p < 0.05) were performed. Results: The mean age was 65.7 ± 11.4 years, with a greater presence of OED in the anatomical area of the lateral side of the tongue. Eight out of nine samples were positive for DO-7 and only two for PAb 240. Conclusions: Our results indicate that, although the expression of p53 DO-7 could be partially related to the pathogenesis of epithelial dysplasia, not all dysplasias presented the mutated form of p53 (PAb 240), which coincides that not all dysplasias have a potential for malignant transformation and that could be related to other oncogenic mechanisms (AU)

Carcinoma de células escamosas de la lengua / Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue

Las neoplasias de la lengua son los tumores más comunes de la cavidad bucal y la mayoría pertenecen a carcinomas de células escamosas. Presentamos dos casos de carcinomas de la lengua, correspondientes a un carcinoma escamoso moderadamente diferenciado y un carcinoma verrugoso, en mujeres de mediana edad con factores de riesgo oncogénicos. Estos tumores pueden tener diversos grados de diferenciación, los cuales determinan su pronóstico y tratamiento.

Tongue neoplasms are the most common in the oral cavity, and the majority correspond to squamous cell carcinomas. We present two cases of tongue carcinomas, corresponding to moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma, in middle-aged women with oncogenic risk factors.These tumors can have various degrees of differentiation, which determine their prognosis and treatment.

Frecuencia de Patologías y Condiciones de Lengua Observadas en Población Pediátrica / Frequency of Pathologies and Conditions of Tongue Observed in Pediatric Population

Las patologías y condiciones linguales constituyen una proporción considerable del total de lesiones de la mucosa oral. Los estudios epidemiológicos que describen su frecuencia en la población pediátrica son escasos y variables. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer la frecuencia de patologías y condiciones de lengua en niños atendidos en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal donde se examinaron pacientes pediátricos de 4 a 13 años de ambos sexos. De un total de 179 pacientes, un 53 % presentó al menos una patología o condición lingual. El rango etario de 11 a 13 años presentó un mayor OR de presentar lesiones y/o condiciones linguales al ser comparado con los otros rangos etarios (valor p<0,05). La patología o condición lingual más frecuente fue la lengua saburral (39 %), seguida por la lengua fisurada (15 %), la hipertrofia de papilas linguales (5 %) y la lengua geográfica (3 %). La ubicación más frecuente fue la base lingual con un 59 % del total de ubicaciones registradas. En base a la escasa evidencia que existe y a la alta frecuencia encontrada en esta investigación, se debe destacar la importancia del conocimiento de las patologías y condiciones linguales en niños. A través de este estudio, se sientan bases para futuras investigaciones que ayuden a odontólogos a reconocer, diagnosticar y tratar estas condiciones cuando sea necesario.

Lingual pathologies and conditions constitute a considerable proportion of the total lesions of the oral mucosa.The epidemiological studies that describe its frequency in the pediatric population are limited and variable. The objective of this study was to establish the frequency of pathologies and lingual conditions in children attended at the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Chile. An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out where pediatric patients between 4 and 13 years of both sexes were examined. Of a total of 179 patients, 53 % had at least one pathology or lingual condition. The age range of 11 to 13 years presented a higher OR of presenting lesions and/or lingual conditions when compared with the other age ranges (p value <0.05). The most frequent pathology or lingual condition was coated tongue (39 %), fast due to the fissured tongue (15 %), the hypertrophy of the lingual papillae (5 %) and the geographic tongue (3 %). The most frequent location was the lingual base with 59 % of the total frequency registered. Based on the little evidence that exists and the high frequency found in this research, the importance of knowledge of pathologies and lingual conditions in children should be highlighted. Through this study, foundations are laid for future investigations that help dentists recognize, diagnose, and treat these conditions when necessary.

Dental management in palliative care of a patient with advanced oral cancer: A case report

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most prevalent and aggressive head and neck carcinomas. When diagnosed in an advanced stage is associated with a reduced overall survival rate due to the increased risk of locoregional recurrence and distant metastases. This article discusses the dental care strategies that were adopted regarding the progression to an incurable state of a 52-year-old man diagnosed with advanced tongue squamous cell carcinoma, which was initially treated with exclusive radiotherapy. In a 5-year-period, this patient developed severe lesions of osteoradionecrosis and also local tumor recurrence without the possibility of curative treatment. Palliative care in the dental context must be adopted in order to provide physical and emotional health still at the final moments in the patient's life. (AU)

Effects of Osthole on Apoptosis and Autophagy of Human Tongue Cancer Tca8113 Cells / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the effects of osthole on the proliferation,apoptosis,and autophagy of human tongue cancer Tca8113 cells and explore its possible mechanism of action. Methods Tca8113 cells were cultured

Effects of isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase silencing on the proliferation and apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to explore the effects of silencing isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransfe-rase (Icmt) through small interfering RNA (siRNA) interference on the proliferation and apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC).@*METHODS@#Three siRNA were designed and constructed for the Icmt gene sequence and were then transfected into TSCC cells CAL-27 and SCC-4 to silence Icmt expression. The tested cells were divided as follows: RNA interference groups Icmt-siRNA-1, Icmt-siRNA-2, and Icmt-siRNA-3, negative control group, and blank control group. The transfection efficiency of siRNA was detected by the fluorescent group Cy3-labeled siRNA, and the expression of Icmt mRNA was screened by quantitive real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) selected the experimental group for subsequent experiments. The expression of Icmt, RhoA, Cyclin D1, p21, extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), and phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK) were analyzed by Western blot. The proliferation abilities of TSCC cells were determined by cell counting kit-8 assay. The change in apoptosis was detected by AnnexinV-APC/propidium staining (PI) assay. Cell-cycle analysis was conducted by flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#The expression of Icmt mRNA and protein in TSCC cells significantly decreased after Icmt-siRNA transfection (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Silencing Icmt can effectively downregulate its expression in TSCC cells, reduce the RhoA membrane targeting localization and cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis. Thus, Icmt may be a potential gene therapy target for TSCC.

Effect of chromodomain helicase/ATPase DNA binding protein 1-like gene on the invasion and metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma CAL27 cells / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#A study was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism of chromodomain helicase/ATPase DNA binding protein 1-like gene (CHD1L) influencing the invasion and metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma and to provide a new target for clinical inhibition of invasion and metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.@*METHODS@#Ualcan website was used to analyze the expression of CHD1L in normal epithelial tissue and primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and to analyze the effect of lymph node metastasis on the expression of CHD1L in tissues with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The relationship between CHD1L expression and the survival rate of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma was tested by the GEPIA website. Western blot was used to quantify the levels of CHD1L protein in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma CAL27 and immortalized human skin keratinocyte cell HaCaT. After knocking down CAL27 in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells with an RNA interference plasmid, the cells were designated as SiCHD1L/CAL27 and Scr/CAL27. Western blot was utilized to detect the expression of CHD1L in each group of cells. The change in CAL27 cell proliferation ability was tested by EdU proliferation test after CHD1L knockdown. The change of cell migration ability of each group cells was tested through the wound healing assay. Western blot was used to detect epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker E-cadherin and Vimentin protein expression levels.@*RESULTS@#Ualcan database showed that the expression of CHD1L in primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues was higher than in normal epithelial tissues and in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues with lymph node metastasis. GEPIA website analysis showed that the overall survival rate of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with high expression of CHD1L was significantly lower than that of patients with low expression. Western blot results showed that CHD1L expression in human tongue squamous carcinoma cells CAL27 was higher than that of human normal skin cells HaCaT. CHD1L expression in SiCHD1L/CAL27 cells was much lower than that in Scr/CAL27 cells. Results of EdU proliferation experiments showed the significant reduction in the cell proliferation ability of the SiCHD1L/CAL27 cells. Results of the wound healing experiments showed the reduction in the migration capacity of the SiCHD1L/CAL27 cells. The expression of E-cadherin increased, whereas that of Vimentin decreased, in SiCHD1L/CAL27 cells.@*CONCLUSIONS@#CHD1L promoted the EMT, proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Effects of isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase silencing on the migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#The effect of isoprenylcysteine carboxymethyltransferase (ICMT) silencing on the migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma was investigated by constructing the small interfering RNA (siRNA) of ICMT.@*METHODS@#Through liposomal transfection, siRNA was transfected into human tongue squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 and SCC-4 cells (ICMT-siRNA group) with a negative control group (transfected with NC-siRNA) and a blank control group (transfected with a transfection reagent but not with siRNA). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the mRNA expression of ICMT and RhoA in each group of cells after transfection and to measure the silencing efficiency. Western blot was applied to examine the expression levels of ICMT, total RhoA, membrane RhoA, ROCK1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 proteins in each group. The migration and invasion abilities were evaluated via wound healing and Transwell motility assays.@*RESULTS@#After CAL-27 and SCC-4 cells were transfected with ICMT-siRNA, the expression levels of ICMT genes and proteins decreased significantly in the experimental group compared with those in the negative and blank control groups (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The migration and invasion abilities of CAL-27 and SCC-4 cells were reduced significantly after the transfection of ICMT-siRNA, and the involved mechanism might be related to the RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway.

miR-532-3p inhibits the progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma by targeting podoplanin / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The association between miR-532-3p and tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) has been examined in the literature to improve the survival rate of patients with this tumor. However, further studies are needed to confirm the regulatory roles of this microRNA (miRNA) in TSCC. The objective of this study was to investigate the roles played by and the underlying mechanism used by the miR-532-3p/podoplanin (PDPN) axis in TSCC development.@*METHODS@#Western blotting and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were performed to evaluate the PDPN expression level in TSCC tissues and cells. The proliferative, adhesive, and migratory capabilities of TSCC cells (CAL-27 and CTSC-3) were examined using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), cell adhesion, and wound-healing assays, respectively. The dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assay was later conducted to confirm the relationship between miR-532-3p and PDPN.@*RESULTS@#The results indicated that PDPN expression was enriched in TSCC tissues and cells, and that the expression of PDPN was associated with some clinicopathological parameters of TSCC, including lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging (P = 0.010), and grading (P = 0.010). Further analysis also showed that PDPN knockdown inhibited the viability, adhesive ability, and migratory capacity of CAL-27 and CTSC-3 cells, effects that could be reversed by the application of a miR-532-3p inhibitor. Additionally, PDPN was found to be a direct target of miR-532-3p.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This research suggested that by targeting PDPN, miR-532-3p could inhibit cell proliferation viability, adhesion, and migration in TSCC. Findings also revealed that the miR-532-3p/PDPN axis might provide more insights into the prognosis and treatment of TSCC.