Insulin use and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Abstract Objective: To describe insulin use and postoperative glucose control in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Methods: We examined 2,390 patients with and without diabetes enrolled in the Contemporary Analysis of Perioperative Cardiovascular Surgical Care (CAPS-Care) Study who underwent CABG surgery (01/2004 - 06/2005) to describe postoperative insulin use, variation in insulin use across different hospitals, and associated in-hospital complications and clinical outcomes. Logistic regression was used to assess the adjusted relationship between insulin use and clinical outcomes. Results: Overall, insulin was used in 82% (n=1,959) of patients, including 95% (n=1,203) with diabetes (n=1,258) and 67% (n=756) without diabetes (n=1,132). Continuous insulin was used in 35.5% of patients in the operating room and in 56% in the intensive care unit. Continuous insulin use varied significantly among centers from 8-100% in patients with diabetes. When compared with all patients not receiving insulin, insulin use in patients without diabetes was associated with a higher rate of death or major complication (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-2.04; P=0.003). In patients with diabetes, insulin use was not associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes (adjusted OR=1.01; 95% CI 0.52-1.98; P=0.98). Conclusion: The postoperative use of insulin is high among CABG patients in the United States of America. Insulin use in patients without diabetes was associated with worse clinical outcomes compared to patients (both with and without diabetes) who did not receive insulin. Further investigation is needed to determine the optimal use of postoperative insulin after CABG.

Análise comparativa dos resultados da cirurgia do labirinto (Cox-maze) para fibrilação atrial crônica em pacientes com doença valvar mitral reumática ou degenerativa / Comparative results of maze procedure for chronic atrial fibrillation in rheumatic and degenerative mitral valve disease

OBJETIVO: Comparar resultados da correção de Fibrilação Atrial (FA) Crônica em Doença Mitral Reumática (R) ou Degenerativa (D) a curto e médio prazos. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: De 1994 a 1997, 57 pacientes foram submetidos à Cirurgia do Labirinto e correção mitral. Oito (20 por cento) reumáticos eram do sexo masculino; 32 (80 por cento) feminino. Dos degenerativos 8 (47 por cento) eram do sexo masculino; 9 (53 por cento) femininos, (NS). Idade 47 / 11 anos R; 54 / 17 D (0,05). Diâmetro do AE: 6,1 / 1,1 cm R e 5,9 / 1,2 D, (NS). RESULTADOS: Óbitos: 1 (2,5 por cento) imediato em R; 2 (12 por cento) hospitalares e 1 (7 por cento) tardio em D (NS). Implante de marcapasso (MP) em 4 (10 por cento) R e 2 (17 por cento) D (NS). Tempos de isquemia: 63 / 16 min R; 63 / 15 min D, (NS). Circulação extracorpórea: 92 / 19 min R e 96 / 23 min D, (NS). Na alta hospitalar: 3 (10 por cento) R e nenhum D recebiam medicação antiarrítmica, (NS); 9 (23 por cento) R e 3 (20 por cento) D recebiam anticoagulantes (NS). Conversão a ritmo sinusal (RS) em 31 (80 por cento) do grupo R e em 12 (80 por cento) do D, (NS). Ritmo de MP em 4 (10 por cento) R, NS. FA incidiu em 4 (10 por cento) R e em 2 (13 por cento) D, (NS). Ritmo juncional em 1 (7 por cento) D, (NS). Na última avaliação: RS em 27 (71 por cento) R e 9 (75 por cento) D (NS). Ritmo de MP em 4 (10 por cento) R e 2 (17 por cento) D, (NS). FA em 6 (16 por cento) R e nenhum D, (NS).Taquicardia atrial paroxística em 1 (3 por cento) R e 1 (8 por cento) do grupo D, (NS). À ergometria, realizada em média de 16,2 / 11,1 meses PO por 24 (60 por cento) pacientes R e a 16,4 / 10,0 meses PO para 10 (59 por cento) degenerativos, 6 (25 por cento) R e 1 (10 por cento) D apresentaram RC adequada (NS). Em 3 (12,5 por cento) R e 6 (60 por cento) D foi considerada intermediária (p = 0,009). RC inadequada foi detectada em 15 (62,5 por cento) pacientes R e 3 (30 por cento) D- (p = 0,09). CONCLUSÃO: A etiologia R ou D não afeta a morbimortalidade e os benefícios aos pacientes com valvopatia mitral submetidos à Cirurgia do Labirinto e correção valvar. A recuperação do RS e a presença de arritmias no PO foi semelhante nos grupos. A resposta cronotrópica ao exercício tende a ser menor no grupo degenerativo

Avaliaçäo da frequência cardíaca e arritmias após cirurgia do labirinto (Cox-Maze) para fibrilaçäo atrial crônica / Evaluation of the heart rate and arrhythmias following the Maze procedure for chronic atrial fibrillation

Purpose - To assess the presence and the prevalence of arrhythmias and the variability of the heart rate in the medium-term postoperative period following the maze procedure for chronic atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods - Seventeen patients with a mean age of 51.7+12.9 years, who previously underwent the maze procedure without cryoablation for chronic atrial fibrillation, were evaluated with the 24 hour electrocardiogram (ECG) - Holter monitoring from the 6th month after the operation. Valvular and coronary procedures were concomitantly performed. Results - The mean heart rate during Holter monitoring was 82+8bpm; the maximal heart rate was 126+23 bpm and the minimal heart rate 57+7 bpm. Sinus rhythm was found in 10 (59 per cent) patients and atrial rhythm was found in 7 (41 per cent). Supraventricular extrasystoles had a rate of 2.3+5.5 per cent of the total number of heartbeats and occurred in 16 (94 per cent) patients. Six (35 per cent) patients showed nonsustained atrial tachycardia. Ventricular extrasystoles, with a rate of 0.8+0.5 per cent of the total heart-beast, occurred in 14 (82 per cent) patients. The chronotropic competence was normal in 9 (53 per cent) patients and attenuated in 8 (47 per cent). The atrioventricular conduction (AV) was unchanged in 13 (76 per cent) patients and there were 4 (24 per cent) cases of first degree atrioventricular block (AVB). Conclusion - After maze procedure, the values for the mean heart rrate, AV conduction and chronotropic competence approach the normal range, although some cases show attenuation of the chronotropic responce, first degree AV block or benign arrhythmias.