Post-discharge all-cause mortality in COVID-19 recovered patients hospitalized in 2020: the impact of chronic kidney disease

ABSTRACT In Brazil, the COVID-19 burden was substantial, and risk factors associated with higher in-hospital mortality rates have been extensively studied. However, information on short-term all-cause mortality and the factors associated with death in patients who survived the hospitalization period of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection is limited. We analyzed the six-month post-hospitalization mortality rate and possible risk factors of COVID-19 patients in a single center in Brazil. This is a retrospective cohort study focused on a six-month follow-up. The exclusion criteria were death during hospitalization, transference to another hospital, and age under 18. We collected data from the charts of all hospitalized patients from March 2020 to December 2020 with a positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, resulting in a sample size of 106 patients. The main outcome was death after hospitalization, whereas comorbidities and demographics were evaluated as risk factors. The crude post-hospitalization death rate was 16%. The first 30 days of follow-up had the highest mortality rate. In a Cox regression model for post-hospitalization mortality, previous chronic kidney disease (HR, 4.06, 95%CI 1.46 - 11.30) and longer hospital stay (HR 1.01, 95%CI 1.00 - 1.02) were the only factors statistically associated with death. In conclusion, a high six-month all-cause mortality was observed. Within the six-month follow-up, a higher risk of death was observed for patients who had prior CKD and longer hospital stay. These findings highlight the importance of more intensive medical surveillance during this period.

Hematological and coagulation parameters as predictors of death by Coronavirus disease in hospitalized patients: a Brazilian follow-up study

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the hematological and coagulation parameters according to the clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We analyzed the hematological and coagulation parameters of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at admission, and two and three weeks during hospitalization. To assess the performance of these parameters in predicting poor outcomes, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created. We studied 128 patients with COVID-19 (59.2±17.7 years, 56% male). Non-survivors (n=54, 42%) presented significant alterations in hematological and coagulation parameters at admission, such as increased in white blood cells (WBC), neutrophil, and band cell counts, as well as elevated prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time, and D-dimer levels. During follow-up, the same group presented a gradual increase in D-dimer and PT levels, accompanied by a reduction in PT activity, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count (RBC). ROC curves showed that WBC, neutrophil, and band cell counts presented the best area under the curve (AUC) values with sensitivity and specificity of >70%; however, a logistic regression model combining all the parameters, except for RBC, presented an AUC of 0.89, sensitivity of 84.84%, and specificity of 77.41%. Our study shows that significant alterations in hematological and coagulation tests at admission could be useful predictors of disease severity and mortality in COVID-19.

Evaluation of herpesvirus members on hospital admission in patients with systemic lupus erythematous shows higher frequency of Epstein-Barr virus and its associated renal dysfunction / Avaliação de membros da família Herpesviridae na admissão hospitalar de pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico mostra maior frequência do vírus Epstein-Barr e sua disfunção renal associada

Abstract Introduction: Members of the Herpesviridae family have been described in patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), but the clinical impact on renal function is not well known. Methods: HSV1, HSV2, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8 were evaluated by molecular biology on admission in blood samples from 40 consecutive SLE patients hospitalized for lupus activity. Results: Patients were 90.0% female, 77.5% non-white, with average age of 32.7 ± 13.6 years. We found positivity for EBV (65.0%), CMV (30.0%), HSV-1 (30.0%), HHV-6 (12.5%), and HHV-7 (7.5%). For all viruses, age, SLEDAI, hematological tests, ferritin, LDH, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were not significant. However, EBV positivity was a significant factor for higher serum creatinine (3.0 ± 2.8 vs. 0.9 ± 0.8; P = 0.001) and urea (86 ± 51 vs. 50 ± 46; P = 0.03). Moreover, positive cases for EBV only or with combined co-infections (66.7%-CMV; 58.3%-HSV-1) or negative for EBV only were evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis test again showed statistical significance for serum creatinine and urea (both P ≤ 0.01), with posttest also showing statistical differences for renal dysfunction and EBV presence (alone or in combined co-infections). The presence of EBV viral load was also significant for nephrotic-range proteinuria, renal flare, and the need for hemodialysis. Conclusion: Members of the Herpeviridae family (mainly EBV, HSV-1 and CMV) are common on hospital admission of SLE patients, reaching 65% for EBV, which seems to be associated with renal dysfunction and could reflect a previous association or overlapping disease, which is not well understood.

Resumo Introdução: Membros da família Herpesviridae tem sido descritos em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES), mas o impacto clínico na função renal não é bem conhecido. Métodos: Avaliou-se HSV1, HSV2, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7, HHV-8 por biologia molecular na admissão em amostras sanguíneas de 40 pacientes com LES consecutivos hospitalizados por atividade lúpica. Resultados: Pacientes 90,0% mulheres, 77,5% não brancos, idade média 32,7 ± 13,6 anos. Encontramos positividade para EBV (65,0%), CMV (30,0%), HSV-1 (30,0%), HHV-6 (12,5%), HHV-7 (7,5%). Para todos os vírus, idade, SLEDAI, exames hematológicos, ferritina, LDH, proteína C reativa, velocidade de hemossedimentação não foram significativos. Entretanto, positividade para EBV foi estatisticamente significativo para creatinina (3,0 ± 2,8 vs. 0,9 ± 0,8; P = 0,001) e ureia (86 ± 51 vs. 50 ± 46; P = 0,03) séricas mais elevadas. Ademais, casos positivos para EBV isolado ou com coinfecções combinadas (66,7%-CMV; 58,3%-HSV-1) ou negativos apenas para EBV foram avaliados pelo teste Kruskal-Wallis e novamente mostraram significância estatística para creatinina e ureia séricas (ambas P ≤ 0,01), com pós-teste mostrando também diferenças estatísticas para disfunção renal e presença de EBV (sozinho ou em coinfecções combinadas). A presença de carga viral do EBV também foi significativa para proteinúria de faixa nefrótica, inflamação aguda, necessidade de hemodiálise. Conclusão: Membros da família Herpeviridae (principalmente EBV, HSV-1, CMV) são comuns na admissão de pacientes com LES, chegando a 65% para EBV, que parece associar-se à disfunção renal podendo refletir associação prévia ou doença sobreposta, o que não é bem compreendido.

Timeline analysis of IgA and IgG levels in Covid-19 hospitalized patients according to the clinical outcome / Análise temporal das concentrações de IgA e IgG em pacientes hospitalizados com Covid-19 de acordo com o desfecho clínico

ABSTRACT Introduction: Studies suggest the association between antibody production and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Objectives: To evaluate the concentrations of immunoglobulins class A (IgA) and class G (IgG) during the hospitalization period of Covid-19 patients according to the outcome (survival vs death). Materials and methods: Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome of coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2) infection confirmed by reverse transcriptase reaction followed by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were included in this prospective study. Samples were obtained weekly during the follow-up of individuals, considering symptom onset. Titers of anti-Sars-CoV-2 IgA and IgG were measured using a commercial immunoassay. Correlations between IgA/IgG and cycle threshold (Ct) values for N1 and N2 target genes were also assessed. Results: We studied 55 Covid-19 patients (59.7±16.2 years, 63.6% male), of which 28 (50.9%) died. We observed IgA and IgG positivity (IgA+ and IgG+) in 90.9% and 80% of patients, respectively. The highest IgA+ frequency was observed at weeks 2 and 3 and the highest IgG+ at weeks 3 and 4. It is important to note that patients who died presented lower IgA titers in the first two weeks (p < 0.05); however, a significant increase in IgA levels was observed in the subsequent weeks. Lastly, we identified that significant correlations between Ct values and immunoglobulins levels, both IgA and IgG were correlated with Ct N2 in patients who died. Conclusion: Our results suggest that lower IgA titers in early Covid-19, which is associated with lower Ct values, may indicate patients at higher risk for death.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los estudios sugieren una asociación entre la producción de anticuerpos y la gravedad de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19). Objetivos: Evaluar las concentraciones de inmunoglobulinas clase A (IgA) y clase G (IgG) durante la hospitalización de pacientes con Covid-19 según el desenlace (supervivencia vs muerte). Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron en este estudio prospectivo pacientes con síndrome respiratorio agudo severo de infección por coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2) confirmado por la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa (RT-PCR). Las muestras se obtuvieron semanalmente durante el seguimiento de los individuos, considerando la aparición de los síntomas. Los títulos de IgA e IgG anti-Sars-CoV-2 se midieron usando un inmunoensayo comercial. También se evaluaron las correlaciones entre IgA/IgG y los valores de los umbrales de ciclo [cycle threshold (Ct)] para los genes N1 y N2. Resultados: Se estudiaron 55 pacientes Covid-19 (59,7 ± 16,2 años, 63,6% varones), de los cuales 28 (50,9%) fallecieron. Observamos positividad de IgA e IgG (IgA+ e IgG+) en el 90,9% y el 80% de los pacientes, respectivamente. La frecuencia más alta de IgA+ se observó en las semanas dos y tres y la IgG + más alta en las semanas tres y cuatro. Es importante señalar que los pacientes que fallecieron presentaron títulos de IgA más bajos en las dos primeras semanas (p < 0,05); sin embargo, se observó un aumento significativo en los niveles de IgA en las semanas siguientes. Conclusión: Identificamos correlaciones significativas entre los valores de Ct y los niveles de Ig, tanto IgA como IgG se correlacionaron con Ct N2 en los pacientes que fallecieron. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los títulos de IgA más bajos en Covid-19 temprano, que se asocia con valores de Ct más bajos, pueden indicar que los pacientes tienen un mayor riesgo de muerte.

RESUMO Introdução: Estudos sugerem a associação entre a produção de anticorpos e a gravidade da coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Objetivos: Avaliar as concentrações de imunoglobulinas da classe A (IgA) e da classe G (IgG) durante a internação de pacientes com Covid-19 de acordo com o desfecho (sobrevida vs óbito). Materiais e métodos: Pacientes com infecção pela síndrome respiratória aguda grave do coronavírus 2 (Sars-CoV-2) confirmada por reação da transcriptase reversa seguida de reação em cadeia da polimerase (RT-PCR) foram incluídos neste estudo prospectivo. As amostras foram obtidas semanalmente durante o acompanhamento dos indivíduos, considerando o início dos sintomas. Os títulos de IgA e IgG anti-Sars-CoV-2 foram mensurados por meio de um imunoensaio comercial. Correlações entre IgA/IgG e valores de limiar de detecção [cycle thresholds (Ct)] para os genes alvos N1 e N2 também foram avaliadas. Resultados: Estudamos 55 pacientes com Covid-19 (59,7 ± 6,2 anos; 63,6% do sexo masculino); destes, 28 (50,9%) morreram. Observamos positividade para IgA e IgG (IgA+/IgG+) em 90,9% e 80% dos pacientes, respectivamente. A maior frequência de IgA+ foi verificada nas semanas 2 e 3, e a maior frequência de IgG+, nas semanas 3 e 4. É importante observar que os pacientes que morreram apresentaram títulos de IgA mais baixos nas primeiras duas semanas (p < 0,05); no entanto, um aumento significativo na concentração de IgA foi observado nas semanas subsequentes. Por fim, identificamos correlações significativas entre os valores de Ct e imunoglobulinas; tanto IgA quanto IgG foram correlacionadas com Ct N2 em pacientes que morreram. Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem que títulos mais baixos de IgA no início da Covid-19 - que estão associados a valores mais baixos de Ct - podem indicar pacientes com risco elevado de evoluir para óbito.

Serum ferritin at admission in hospitalized COVID-19 patients as a predictor of mortality

ABSTRACT Introduction: Some COVID-19 patients have higher mortality and the responsible factors for this unfavorable outcome is still not well understood. Objective: To study the association between ferritin levels at admission, representing an inflammatory state, and hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods: From May through July 2020, SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with moderate to severe clinical symptoms were evaluated at admission, regarding clinical and laboratory data on renal and hepatic function, hematologic parameters, cytomegalovirus co-infection, and acute phase proteins. Results: A total of 97 patients were included; mean age = 59.9 ± 16.3 years, 58.8% male, 57.7% non-white, in-hospital mortality = 45.4%. Age, ferritin, C-reactive protein, serum albumin and creatinine were significantly associated with mortality. Ferritin showed area under the curve (AUC) of 0.79 (p < 0.001) for the cut-off of 1873.0 ng/mL, sensitivity of 68.4% and specificity of 79.3% in predicting in-hospital mortality. Age ≥60 years had an odds ratio (OR) of 10.5 (95% CI = 1.8-59.5; p = 0.008) and ferritin ≥1873.0 ng/mL had an OR of 6.0 (95% CI = 1.4-26.2; p = 0.016), both independently associated with mortality based on logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: The magnitude of inflammation present at admission of COVID-19 patients, represented by high ferritin levels, is independently predictive of in-hospital mortality.

Biofilm production by clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and structural changes in LasR protein of isolates non biofilm-producing

ABSTRACT Introduction: Biofilm production is an important mechanism for the survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its relationship with antimicrobial resistance represents a challenge for patient therapeutics. P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen frequently associated to nosocomial infections, especially in imunocompromised hosts. Objectives: Analyze the phenotypic biofilm production in P. aeruginosa isolates, describe clonal profiles, and analyze quorum sensing (QS) genes and the occurrence of mutations in the LasR protein of non-biofilm producing isolates. Methods: Isolates were tested for biofilm production by measuring cells adherence to the microtiter plates. Clonal profile analysis was carried out through ERIC-PCR, QS genes were by specific PCR. Results: The results showed that 77.5% of the isolates were considered biofilm producers. The results of genotyping showed 38 distinct genetic profiles. As for the occurrence of the genes, 100% of the isolates presented the lasR, rhlI and rhlR genes, and 97.5%, presented the lasI gene. In this study nine isolates were not biofilm producers. However, all presented the QS genes. Amplicons related to genes were sequenced in three of the nine non-biofilm-producing isolates (all presenting different genetic similarity profile) and aligned to the sequences of those genes in P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 (standard biofilm-producing strain). Alignment analysis showed an insertion of three nucleotides (T, C and G) causing the addition of an amino acid valine in the sequence of the LasR protein, in position 53. Conclusion: The modeling of the resulting LasR protein showed a conformational change in its structure, suggesting that this might be the reason why these isolates are unable to produce biofilm.

Detection of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa harboring bla GES-1 and bla GES-11 in Recife, Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important pathogen globally, presents several resistance mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the presence of bla GES in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from various clinical specimens from patients admitted to three different hospitals in Recife, Brazil. The Guiana extended spectrum beta-lactamase (GES) enzymes are responsible for conferring broad spectrum resistance to beta-lactam drugs, including the carbapenems. METHODS: A total of 100 carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing to identify bla GES, bla KPC, bla SPM-1, bla IMP, and bla VIM. Additionally, PCR products positive for bla GES were sequenced. The clonal profiles of these same isolates were then determined by means of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR analysis. RESULTS: PCR analysis revealed that four isolates harbored bla GES; DNA sequencing showed that two harbored bla GES-1 and two bla GES-11. Beta-lactamase genes bla SPM-1, bla IMP, bla VIM, and bla KPC were investigated; none of these genes was detected. Automated susceptibility testing methods (Vitek®2, bioMérieux) showed that the bla GES-1-positive isolates were only susceptible to polymyxin B. The patterns obtained with ERIC-PCR methods showed clonal relationship between the two isolates that harbored bla GES-11, whereas different clonal profiles were found in the isolates harboring bla GES-1. CONCLUSIONS: We detected the presence of bacterial isolates positive for two different variants of the enzyme GES in three different hospitals from Recife, Brazil. These enzymes have a great capacity for dissemination among Gram-negative bacteria and confer broad-spectrum resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and to the carbapenems.

Análise da produção de biofilme por isolados clínicos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa de pacientes com pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica / Analysis of biofilm production by clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar fenotipicamente a produção de biofilme por isolados clínicos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa de pacientes com pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica. Métodos: Foram analisados 20 isolados clínicos de P. aeruginosa, sendo 19 provenientes de amostras clínicas de aspirado traqueal e uma de lavado broncoalveolar. A avaliação da capacidade de P. aeruginosa em produzir biofilme foi verificada por duas técnicas, sendo uma qualitativa e outra quantitativa. Resultados: A técnica qualitativa mostrou que apenas 15% dos isolados foram considerados produtores de biofilme, enquanto que a quantitativa demonstrou que 75% dos isolados foram produtores de biofilme. Os isolados produtores de biofilme apresentaram o seguinte perfil de suscetibilidade: 53,3% eram multidroga-resistentes e 46,7% eram multidroga-sensíveis. Conclusão: A técnica quantitativa foi mais eficaz para detecção da produção de biofilme em comparação com a qualitativa. Para a população bacteriana analisada, a produção de biofilme independeu do perfil de suscetibilidade das bactérias, demonstrando que a falha terapêutica pode estar relacionada com a produção de biofilme, por impedir a destruição das bactérias presentes nesta estrutura, ocasionando complicações da pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica, incluindo infecções extrapulmonares, e dificultando o tratamento da infecção.

ABSTRACT Objective: To phenotypically evaluate biofilm production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinically isolated from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Methods: Twenty clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were analyzed, 19 of which were from clinical samples of tracheal aspirate, and one was from a bronchoalveolar lavage sample. The evaluation of the capacity of P. aeruginosa to produce biofilm was verified using two techniques, one qualitative and the other quantitative. Results: The qualitative technique showed that only 15% of the isolates were considered biofilm producers, while the quantitative technique showed that 75% of the isolates were biofilm producers. The biofilm isolates presented the following susceptibility profile: 53.3% were multidrug-resistant, and 46.7% were multidrug-sensitive. Conclusion: The quantitative technique was more effective than the qualitative technique for the detection of biofilm production. For the bacterial population analyzed, biofilm production was independent of the susceptibility profile of the bacteria, demonstrating that the therapeutic failure could be related to biofilm production, as it prevented the destruction of the bacteria present in this structure, causing complications of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation, including extrapulmonary infections, and making it difficult to treat the infection.

Infection by multidrug-resistant Elizabethkingia meningoseptica: case reports / Infecção por Elizabethkingia meningoseptica multirresistente: relato de casos

We report two cases of sepsis in critically ill patients in two tertiary care hospitals in Recife-PE, Brazil. The first case is an 87-year-old patient with chronic myeloid leukemia and sepsis; and the second case is a 93-year-old patient with prostate cancer and septic shock caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Elizabethkingia meningoseptica.

Reportamos dois casos de sepse em pacientes criticamente debilitados em dois hospitais com nível de complexidade terciária em Recife-PE, Brasil. O primeiro caso, paciente de 87 anos com leucemia mieloide crônica e sepse; o segundo, paciente com 93 anos de idade com câncer de próstata apresentava choque séptico causado por Elizabethkingia meningoseptica multirresistente.

Sintomas de alergia em idosos atendidos em um ambulatório de geriatria / Symptoms of allergy in elderly attended by a geriatric outpatient clinic

Objetivos: Descrever as características epidemiológicas de manifestações alérgicas observadas nos idosos atendidos em um ambulatóriode geriatria.Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com pacientes de mais de 60 anos de idade, atendidos no Ambulatório de Geriatria da Faculdadede Medicina de Marília, estado de São Paulo, em condições de responder a uma entrevista ou com acompanhantes capacitados pararespondê-la.Resultados: Foram entrevistados 106 pacientes. Dentre os 106 pacientes avaliados, 56 (52,8%) relataram alergia respiratória, 47 (44,3%)possível manifestação alérgica de pele e 14 (13,2%) referiram alergia a medicamentos. Os principais medicamentos responsabilizados pelospacientes como causadores de reações alérgicas foram os antibióticos (42,8%) e os anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (28,6%), enquanto osoutros 28,6% foram atribuídos a outros tipos de medicamentos.Conclusões: Os idosos incluídos no estudo apresentaram uma relevante prevalência de sintomas alérgicos.

Aims: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of allergic manifestations observed in elderly attended in an outpatient clinic of geriatrics.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted with patients over 60 years of age, attended in the Outpatient Clinics of Geriatrics of theFaculty of Medicine of Marilia in Sao Paulo state, who were able to respond to an interview or were accompanied by caregivers able to do it.Results: A total of 106 patients were interviewed. Among the 106 patients evaluated, 56 (52.8%) reported respiratory allergy, 47 (44.3%)possible allergic skin manifestation, and 14 (13.2%) reported drug allergies. The main medicines perceived by patients as drugs that causedallergic reactions were antibiotics (42.8%) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (28.6%), while the other 28.6% of reactions were attributedto other types of drugs.Conclusions: The elderly included in the study had a relevant prevalence of allergic symptoms.

Estudo comparativo sobre a prevalência de alergias entre idosos e não idosos / A comparative study of the prevalence of allergies in elderly and non-elderly patients

Doenças alérgicas também estão presentes no idoso e apesar do impacto em sua qualidade de vida, podem ser subdiagnosticadas ou desvalorizadas pela concomitância de outras doenças consideradas de maior gravidade e de risco à vida. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a prevalência de doenças alérgicas observadas em idosos com 60 anos ou mais, comparando-se com a de não idosos, atendidos em clínica especializada em alergia. Métodos: Realizou-se uma análise retrospectiva de prontuários de uma clínica particular, supervisionada pela Disciplina de Alergia da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília. Resultados: Dentre os 398 prontuários analisados, 51 (12,8%) eram de pacientes com 60 anos ou mais, com os seguintes diagnósticos de doenças alérgicas ou de hipersensibilidade: 31,4% dermatite de contato; 15,7% urticária crônica; 13,7% reação adversa a fármaco(s) (RAF); 11,8% rinite; 7,8% asma; 7,8% prurido; e 3,9% tosse. Os demais 347 pacientes tinham menos que 60 anos, com os seguintes diagnósticos de doenças alérgicas ou de hipersensibilidade: 24,2% urticária crônica; 23,6% rinite; 21,6% dermatite de contato; 11,5% asma; 4,3% RAF; 3,4% urticária aguda; 2,6% conjuntivite alérgica; 1,4% tosse; 1,1% dermatite atópica; 1,1% prurido. Houve prevalência significantemente maior de RAF e de prurido no grupodos idosos. Conclusões: Conclui-se que os idosos apresentaram prevalências semelhantes para as diversas doenças alérgicas ou de hipersensibilidade em relação aos não idosos, exceto para RAF e prurido, os quais predominaram na população idosa...

Allergic diseases are also present in the elderly. Despite their impact on the quality of life of elderly patients, allergies may be underdiagnosed or undervalued because of the concurrent presence of other more severe and life-threatening conditions. The objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence of allergic diseases in elderly patients aged 60 years or older, as compared to non-elderly patients, all assisted at an allergy specialty clinic. Methods: Patients’ medical records were retrospectively analyzed at a private clinic supervised by the Discipline of Allergy at Faculdade de Medicina de Marília. Results: Of the 398 records analyzed, 51 (12.7%) were from elderly patients who had the following diagnoses of allergy or hypersensitivity: 31.4% contact dermatitis; 15.7% chronic urticaria; 13.7% adverse drug reaction (ADR); 11.8% rhinitis;7.8% asthma; 7.8% pruritus; and 3.9% cough. The remaining 347 patients were younger than 60 years and had the following diagnoses: 24.2% chronic urticaria; 23.6% rhinitis; 21.6% contact dermatitis; 11.5% asthma; 4.3% ADR; 3.4% acute urticaria; 2.6% allergic conjunctivitis; 1.4% cough; 1.1% atopic dermatitis; and 1.1% pruritus. There was a significantly higher prevalence of ADR and pruritus in the elderly group. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that elderly patients tend to show similar prevalence rates for different allergic and hypersensitivity conditions when compared to non-elderly patients, except for ADR and pruritus, which were more prevalent in the elderly...

Utilidad del puerto único en la apendicectomía laparoscópica / Single port utility in laparoscopic appendectomy

Objetivo: Describir la utilidad del puerto único en la apendicectomía laparoscópica en pacientes con diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda que ingresan a la emergencia del Hospital General del Este "Dr. Domingo Luciani" entre junio 2011 y octubre 2012. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, monocéntrico de seguimiento con el objeto de evaluar la utilidad del puerto único en la apendicectomía laparoscópica, además de sus beneficios y complicaciones, cuya muestra estuvo constituida por 25 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de apendicitis aguda. Resultados: Se realizaron 25 apendicectomías por puerto único durante un período de 16 meses. El tiempo de evolución del cuadro clínico en su mayoría fue de 24 ± 8 horas, predominando las apéndices flegmonosas en un 64% en relación a los hallazgos quirúrgicos. El tiempo quirúrgico fue de 37 ± 8 minutos.No se requirió conversión a cirugía abierta ni se necesitó la colocación de otros trócares adicionales. La intensidad del dolor fue reportada a través de la escala visual análoga (EVA) donde el valor máximo a la 1era hora fue de 3, a las 6 horas de 10, a las 12 horas de 8, y a las 24 horas de 3. La incidencia de complicaciones intraoperatorias fue baja con un 4% en cuanto a las complicaciones postoperatorias se obtuvo un 20% que representan 5 casos con infección del sitio quirúrgico y 1 caso con dehiscencia del muñón apendicular . La ligadura de la base de la apéndice se realizó en un 80% con endoloop® y un 20% máquina articulable endolineal cortante echelon® de 60 mm con carga azul. La estancia hospitalaria media fue de 37±8 horas.Conclusión:La apendicectomía laparoscópica se puede lograr a través de una sola incisión umbilical y con instrumentos convencionales, además es una técnica sencilla, eficaz y fácilmente reproducible que disminuye considerablemente el dolor postoperatorio y la estancia hospitalaria(AU)

Objective: To describe the utility of single port laparoscopic appendectomy in patients with acute appendicitis admitted to Hospital General del Este Dr. Domingo Luciani, between June 2011 and October 2012. Method: A descriptive, prospective, single-center monitoring in order to evaluate the usefulness of single port laparoscopic appendectomy in addition to its benefits and complications, whose sample consisted of 25 patients with clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Results: There were 25 single port appendectomies for a period of 16 months. The time of onset of symptoms in the majority was 24 ± 8 hours, predominantly flegmonous appendices by 64% compared to surgical findings. The operative time was 37 ± 8 minutes. Not required conversion to open surgery was needed or placing additional trocars other. Pain intensity was reported by the visual analog scale (VAS) where the maximum to the 1st hour was 3 to 6 hours of 10, after 12 hours of 8, and 24 hours of 3.The incidence of intraoperative complications was low with 4% in terms of postoperative complications was obtained by 20% representing 5 cases with surgical site infection and 1 case with appendiceal stump dehiscence. Ligation of the base of the appendix was performed by endoloop® 80% and 20% endolinear articulable cutting machine echelon® 60 mm blue load. Mean hospital stay was 37 ±8 hours. Conclusion: Laparoscopic appendectomy can be achieved through a single umbilical incision and conventional instruments,it is also a simple, effective and easily reproducible considerably decreases postoperative pain and hospital stay(AU)

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil / Caracterização fenotípica e molecular de fatores de resistência a antimicrobianos e virulência de isolados clínicos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa de Recife, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

INTRODUCTION: The emergence of carbapenem resistance mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been outstanding due to the wide spectrum of antimicrobial degradation of these bacteria, reducing of therapeutic options. METHODS: Sixty-one clinical strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from five public hospitals in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, were examined between 2006 and 2010, aiming of evaluating the profiles of virulence, resistance to antimicrobials, presence of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) genes, and clonal relationship among isolates. RESULTS: A high percentage of virulence factors (34.4% mucoid colonies; 70.5% pyocyanin; 93.4% gelatinase positives; and 72.1% hemolysin positive) and a high percentage of antimicrobial resistance rates (4.9% pan-resistant and 54.1% multi-drug resistant isolates) were observed. Among the 29 isolates resistant to imipenem and/or ceftazidime, 44.8% (13/29) were MBL producers by phenotypic evaluation, and of these, 46.2% (6/13) were positive for the blaSPM-1 gene. The blaIMP and blaVIM genes were not detected. The molecular typing revealed 21 molecular profiles of which seven were detected in distinct hospitals and periods. Among the six positive blaSPM-1 isolates, three presented the same clonal profile and were from the same hospital, whereas the other three presented different clonal profiles. CONCLUSIONS: These results revealed that P. aeruginosa is able to accumulate different resistance and virulence factors, making the treatment of infections difficult. The identification of blaSPM-1 genes and the dissemination of clones in different hospitals, indicate the need for stricter application of infection control measures in hospitals in Recife, Brazil, aiming at reducing costs and damages caused by P. aeruginosa infections.

INTRODUÇÃO: A emergência de mecanismos de resistência aos carbapenêmicos em Pseudomonas aeruginosa tem se destacado devido ao amplo espectro de degradação de antimicrobianos, reduzindo as opções terapêuticas. MÉTODOS: Sessenta e um isolados de P. aeruginosa procedentes de cinco hospitais públicos de Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, entre 2006 e 2010, foram analisadas, com o objetivo de avaliar o perfil de virulência, resistência aos antimicrobianos, a presença de genes metalo-β-lactamase (MBL) e a relação clonal entre os isolados. RESULTADOS: Foi observada uma elevada produção de fatores de virulência na amostra (34,4% colônias mucoides; 70,5% piocianina; 93,4% gelatinase e 72,1% hemolisina), bem como um elevado percentual de resistência (4,9% isolados panresistentes e 54,1% multirresistentes). Dentre os 29 isolados resistentes ao imipenem e/ou ceftazidima, 44,8% (13/29) apresentaram MBL por meio da pesquisa fenotípica, e destes, 46,2% (6/13) foram positivos para o gene blaSPM-1, não havendo detecção dos genes blaIMP e blaVIM. A tipagem molecular revelou 21 perfis genéticos dos quais sete foram detectados em hospitais e períodos distintos, e dos isolados blaSPM-1 positivos, três apresentaram o mesmo perfil clonal e foram procedentes do mesmo hospital, enquanto que os outros três isolados blaSPM-1 positivos apresentaram perfis clonais distintos. CONCLUSÕES: Estes resultados revelam que a P. aeruginosa é capaz de acumular diferentes fatores de virulência e resistência, dificultando o tratamento das infecções. A identificação de genes blaSPM-1 e disseminação de clones sugere a necessidade de aplicação mais rigorosa de medidas de controle de infecção nos hospitais de Recife, visando reduzir custos e danos provocados por este tipo de infecção.

Avaliação da qualidade de vida de pacientes com urticária crônica acompanhados em serviço de alergia e imunologia / Quality of life of chronic urticaria patients treated in an allergy and immunology ambulatory care facility

Objetivo: Nos últimos anos, o reconhecimento da importância de avaliar o grau da saúde subjetiva estimulou o desenvolvimento de instrumentos padronizados para medir os aspectos da relação entre paciente-doença. Estes instrumentos se aplicam não só para satisfazer as necessidades da medicina baseada em evidências, como também para garantir maior eficiência na prática e em estudos clínicos. O presente estudo procurou avaliar o impacto da urticária crônica (UC) na qualidade de vida dos pacientes acompanhados no Serviço de Alergia e Imunologia do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto/UERJ. Métodos: Foi aplicado um questionário traduzido a partir do instrumento elaborado e validado por pesquisadores das Universidades de Genova e Turin (Itália), que aborda diferentes aspectos da vida do paciente com urticária crônica, denominado chronic urticaria quality of life questionnaire (CU-Q20L), em 30 pacientes consecutivos com urticária crônica atendidos no ambulatório do Setor. Resultados: O domínio das restrições alimentares foi o mais comprometido, seguido das reações emocionais e da qualidade do sono, sendo o domínio do sofrimento físico menos importante. O questionário foi bem aceito e facilmente compreendido e respondido pelos pacientes. Conclusões: A UC é uma doença que compromete não apenas o aspecto físico, mas também o social, emocional e o sono. Por isso, no seu acompanhamento, assim como em outras condições de evolução prolongada, é indispensável a utilização de ferramentas padronizadas que possam fornecer informações objetivas quanto ao impacto da doença nos diversos aspectos da qualidade de vida, para melhorar a abordagem clínica destes casos.

Objective: In recent years, the recognition of the importance of evaluating the degree of subjective felling of health has stimulated the development of standardized, validated and reproducible instruments, which can better measure aspects of the relation between patient and illness. These instruments are not applied only to satisfy necessities of the evidence based medicine, but they can allow us better knowledge of distinct processes operating on chronic diseases. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the impact of chronic urticaria (CU) on quality of life of patients followed in Allergy Clinic of Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, of Rio de Janeiro State University. Methods: We used a translated version of a practical instrument elaborated and validated by researchers of Universities of Genova and Turin, in Italy. It approaches different aspects of the life of patients with CU, named "chronic urticaria quality of life questionnaire" (CU-Q20L). Thirty patients with CU were interviewed. Results: The results showed that the adapted questionnaire was well accepted and easily answered by all patients. Dietary restrictions, emotional reactions and quality of sleep are the major affected areas, with more impact than physical suffering. Conclusions: We conclude that other aspects associated with CU, like dietary problems, emotional distress and sleep, can be more important to patients than physical ones, and researches and clinicians must give the necessary attention to them, and to others aspects of disease, in the management of this condition.

Beribéri pós bypass gástrico: uma complicação não tão rara. Relato de dois casos e revisão da literatura / Beriberi after bariatric surgery: not an unusual complication. Report of two cases and literature review

É crescente o número de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica para tratamento da obesidade mórbida; devido a isso, estão reaparecendo deficiências nutricionais com as quais muitos médicos já não estão familiarizados. No pós-operatório, podem ocorrer vários distúrbios nutricionais, sendo um deles a deficiência de tiamina (beribéri). A deficiência de tiamina e/ou vitamina B12 pode corresponder a 40 por cento dos casos de neuropatia após a cirurgia bariátrica. Serão descritos dois pacientes com a clínica de neuropatia periférica e síndrome de Wernicke-Korsakoff. Alguns meses após a cirurgia, eles apresentaram prostração, depressão, confusão mental e nistagmo, associados a dor e parestesia dos membros (principalmente inferiores). Com a hipótese diagnóstica de beribéri, foi iniciado o tratamento com tiamina. Um dos pacientes apresentou melhora completa do quadro neurológico, porém o outro permaneceu com déficit motor, sendo aquele em que decorreu o maior tempo entre o aparecimento dos sintomas e o início do tratamento. Estes casos servem para nos alertar sobre a importância da vigilância nutricional após a cirurgia bariátrica.

Síndrome de Mendelson: relato de caso / Mendelson syndrome: a case report

Paciente admitida com quadro de engasgo seguido de dispnéia, cianose e perda de consciência, recuperada após aspiração de vias aéreas. Evoluiu com agravamento do quadro clínico até início de tratamento de suporte, quando apresentou rápido restabelecimento. Radiografia de tórax do dia da internação demonstrou infiltrado difuso bilateral e à tomografia observou-se imagem em vidro fosco difuso. Objetiva-se demonstrar alterações tomográficas nesta síndrome.

Prevalência da infecçäo pelo vírus B na comunidade hospitalar / Prevalence of virus B infecction in a hospital community

Estudou-se a prevalência de marcadores para a hepatite B (HBsAg, AntiHBc e AntiHBs) em profissionais de saúde, a fim de identificar grupos de maior risco onde estaria indicada a vacinaçäo pré-exposiçäo. Comparando-os com os funcionários administrativos do mesmo hospital, observamos índices significativamente superiores em grupos como cirurgiöes (40,0%) e profissionais de hemodiálise (36,4%), que aprresentaram taxas de ferimentos no trabalho, de, respectivamente, 93,3% e 77,3%. Outros grupos mostram grande aumento da prevalência em funçäo do maior tempo de atuaçäo profissional, comprovando seu risco. Outras formas de transmissäo, como transfusäo e contato íntimo como portadores de hepatite, näo tiveram significância. Os autores concluiram que a vacinaçäo está indicada em cirurgiöes e profissionais de hemodiálise, bem como dentistas e técnicos de laboratório