Bond strength of a resin composite and a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement associated or not with chlorhexidine to eroded dentin / Resistência de união de uma resina composta e um cimento de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina com e sem a aplicação de clorexidina à dentina erodida

Objetivo: Apesar da resina composta e o cimento de ionômero de vidro serem amplamente usados para restaurações cervicais, sob condições erosivas estas podem desgastar mais rapidamente. Este estudo objetivou comparar a resistência adesiva ao microcisalhamento de uma resistência de união (RC) e um cimento de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina (RMGIC) à dentina erodida associada à Clorexidina 2% num período de até 6 meses. Material e Métodos: Oitenta terceiros molares humanos foram cortados e uma dentina regular foi obtida, e subsequentemente, foram inclusos com resina acrílica em tubos de PVC. Os dentes foram divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com o tratamento recebido: Adper Single Bond 2 + RC Filtek Z250 (Z) ou RMGIC Vitremer (V). Metade dos corpos de prova foram imersos em saliva artificial (AS) por 24 h (grupo controle) e metade foi erodido artificialmente 3x/1 min diariamente com Coca Cola ®-RC por 5 dias. Metade dos corpos de prova, para cada condição descrita, recebeu água e outra metade a clorexidina 2% por 1 min, antes da restauração. Para todos os grupos, os corpos de prova foram armazenados em saliva artificial renovada semanalmente até os testes. A resistência de união ao microcisalhamento foi avaliado após 1 e 6 meses. Os resultados foram analisados com teste ANOVA 4 critérios e Tukey (p < 0,05). Resultados: Os fatores materiais, substrato e tempo foram estatisticamente significantes, além da interação entre o material e o tempo. O tratamento (água X clorexidina) não foi um fator significante. As restaurações com Z demonstraram resistência de união significantemente maior comparada ao V, em todas as situações. Conclusão: Tanto para a dentina sadia quanto erodida, a resina composta apresentou maior resistência de união comparada ao cimento de ionômero de vidro. O tempo e uso da clorexidina não interferiu na resistência de união. A resina composta demonstrou maior resistência adesiva quando comparada ao cimento de ionomero de vidro.

Objective: Although resin composites and glassionomer cements are widely used for dental cervical region restorations, under erosive condition they can wear out quickly. This study aimed to compare, by means of microshear bond strength, the performance of a resin composite (RC) and a resin-modified glassionomer cement (RMGIC) to eroded dentin and its association with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) up to 6 months. Material and Methods: Eighty sound third molars teeth were cut to obtain flat coronal dentin, which were subsequently embedded in self-curing acrylic resin circular molds. Teeth were divided into two groups, according to the treatment with the Adper Single Bond 2 + RC Filtek Z250 (Z) or the RMGIC Vitremer (V). Half of the specimens were immersed in artificial saliva-AS (control groups) and half subjected to 3x/1 min daily immersion in Regular Coca Cola ®-RC for 5 days. Half of the specimens for each described condition were treated with water and half with 2% chlorhexidine for 1 min prior the restoration. For all groups, the specimens were stored in artificial saliva weekly renewed up to tests. The microshear bond strength was evaluated after 1 month and 6 months. Data, in normal distribution, were analyzed with four-way ANOVA and Tukey (p < 0.05). Results: The factors materials, substrate and time were statistically significant and also the interaction between material and time. Treatment (water x CHX) was not a significant factor. Restorations with Z showed significantly higher bond strength compared to V in all situations. There was a reduction in bond strength values over time for all tested conditions. Conclusion: For both sound and eroded dentin, the resin composite presented higher bond strength compared to resin-modified glassionomer material. The bond strength performance was overall reduced with time and the use of chlorexidine itself did not interfere on bond strength through time...

Six-month evaluation of a resin/dentin interface created by methacrylate and silorane-based materials

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the micro-tensile bond strength of methacrylate resin systems to a silorane-based restorative system on dentin after 24 hours and six months water storage. Material and Methods: The restorative systems Adper Single Bond 2/Filtek Z350 (ASB), Clearfil SE Bond/Z350 (CF), Adper SE Plus/Z350 (ASEP) and P90 Adhesive System/Filtek P90 (P90) were applied on flat dentin surfaces of 20 third molars (n=5). The restored teeth were sectioned perpendicularly to the bonding interface to obtain sticks (0.8 mm2) to be tested after 24 hours (24 h) and 6 months (6 m) of water storage, in a universal testing machine at 0.5 mm/min. The data was analyzed via two-way Analysis of Variance/Bonferroni post hoc tests at 5% global significance. Results: Overall outcomes did not indicate a statistical difference for the resin systems (p=0.26) nor time (p=0.62). No interaction between material × time was detected (p=0.28). Mean standard-deviation in MPa at 24 h and 6 m were: ASB 31.38 (4.53) and 30.06 (1.95), CF 34.26 (3.47) and 32.75 (4.18), ASEP 29.54 (4.14) and 33.47 (2.47), P90 30.27 (2.03) and 31.34 (2.19). Conclusions: The silorane-based system showed a similar performance to methacrylate-based materials on dentin. All systems were stable in terms of bond strength up to 6 month of water storage.

Effect of surface area and air-drying distance on shear bond strength of etch-and-rinse adhesive

We evaluated the effects of air-drying distance and bond surface area on the shear bond strength of a 2-step etch-and-rinse adhesive. A total of 120 bovine anterior teeth were equally divided into 6 main groups based on bonding surface area. The main groups were divided into sub-groups (n = 5) according to air-drying distance. The shear strength was determined using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The averaged results were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Two-way ANOVA testing identified no significant cross-product interactions (p > 0.05), but the main factors of area (p < 0.0001) and air-drying distance (p < 0.00001) significantly affected the mean bond strength. Shorter air-drying distances improved bond strength, and increased surface area decreased the bond strength.

Evaluating resin-enamel bonds by microshear and microtensile bond strength tests: effects of composite resin

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of resin composite (Filtek Z250 and Filtek Flow Z350) and adhesive system [(Solobond Plus, Futurabond NR (VOCO) and Adper Single Bond (3M ESPE)] on the microtensile (μTBS) and microshear bond strength (μSBS) tests on enamel, and to correlate the bond strength means between them. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six extracted human molars were sectioned to obtain two tooth halves: one for μTBS and the other one for μSBS. Adhesive systems and resin composites were applied to the enamel ground surfaces and light-cured. After storage (37(0)C/24 h) specimens were stressed (0.5 mm/min). Fracture modes were analyzed under scanning electron microscopy. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS: The correlation between tests was estimated with Pearson's product-moment correlation statistics (α =0.05). For both tests only the main factor resin composite was statistically significant (p<0.05). The correlation test detected a positive (r=0.91) and significant (p=0.01) correlation between the tests. CONCLUSIONS: The results were more influenced by the resin type than by the adhesives. Both microbond tests seem to be positive and linearly correlated and can therefore lead to similar conclusions.

Alternativas para realização de restaurações estéticas imediatas ao clareamento dental: relato de caso / An alternative protocol for esthetic restorations immediately after tooth bleaching: a case report

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um caso clínico, assim como uma breve revisão de literatura, sobre a utilização de um gel de ascorbato de sódio a 10% como passo intermediário entre o clareamento dental e restaurações diretas com resina composta

The aim of this article is to present a case report and a brief literature review about the use of 10% sodium ascorbate gel as an intermediate step after tooth bleaching and before direct resin composite restorations

Influência de variáveis metodológicas no valor da resistência de união material adesivo/substrato dentinário e, no padrão de fratura: ensaio de micro cisalhamento / Methodological variables influence on bonding of adhesive material/dentin substrate and fracture pattern micro shear test

A influência de variáveis metodológicas no valor da resistência de união e no padrão de fratura, por ensaio de microcisalhamento, foi verificada em dentina planificada de molares humanos e estudada em quatro diferentes experimentos, nos quais dois sistemas adesivos foram utilizados (Adper Single Bond 2 e XP Bond) e uma resina composta (Filtek Z250). Foram eles: Experimento 1- momento de fotoativação do adesivo: antes ou após o posicionamento das cânulas sobre o substrato dentinário; Experimento 2- tempo de armazenagem: 10min, 24 horas, 48 horas e 7 dias em água destilada a 37oC; Experimento 3- área de secção transversal dos corpos de prova: 0,44mm2, 0,82mm2, 1,98mm2 e 4,44mm2; Experimento 4- momento de fotoativação da resina / remoção da cânula para o ensaio. Os dados obtidos de resistência de união, em MPa, foram tratados por métodos de ANOVA. Os corpos de prova resultantes de todos os experimentos foram observados em microscopia eletrônica de varredura e analisados de forma qualitativa quanto ao modo de fratura. Houve diferença significativa no Experimento 1, sendo que os valores médios de resistência de união foram mais altos quando os adesivos foram fotoativados antes de posicionar as cânulas. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante para as variáveis tempo de armazenagem e sistema adesivo (Experimento 2), e nem para as variáveis área de secção transversal e sistema adesivo estudadas (Experimento 3). Para o Experimento 4, houve diferença estatisticamente significante para a condição experimental resina fotoativada e remoção da cânula quando previamente realizada à adesão ao substrato e entre os adesivos. Em todos os experimentos o modo de fratura foi predominantemente adesivo/misto. Concluiu-se que algumas variáveis do método são fundamentais para sua padronização, pois com base nos resultados deste estudo elas influenciam os valores médios da resistência de união.

The effect of methodological variables on the microshear bond strength and fracture pattern was assessed in flat human molars dentin in four different experiments using two adhesive systems (Adper Single Bond 2 and XP Bond) and a composite resin (Filtek Z250). The experiments were: 1. Adhesive light activation moment prior or after mold positioning on dentin; 2. Storage period 10 min, 24h, 48h or 7 days in distilled water at 37oC; 3. Mold transversal section area 0.44mm2, 0.82mm2, 1.98mm2 and 4.44mm2; 4. Resin light activation moment with or without mold removal prior to testing. Mean data values (MPa) were subjected to ANOVAs methods. All fractured specimens were qualitatively analyzed in SEM to verify the fracture mode. Regarding Experiment 1 a significative difference was shown for the main factor Adhesive Light Activation Moment; higher bond strength values were achieved with adhesive system ligth activated before mold positioning. No significant differences were found for storage period or section area analyzed on Experiments 2 and 3, respectively. The main factor Resin Light Activation Moment presented differences when the resin composite was previously light activated and mold was removed prior to bonding the resin with the adhesive systems. In all experiments, mode of failure was predominantly adhesive/mixed. The conclusion is that some variables of the method are essential for its standardization, given that they influence the bond strength values.

Comparação da resistência à tração entre pinos metálicos (Ni/Cr) e de fibra de virdro cimentados com cimento resinoso / Comparison of tensile strength between metal (Ni/Cr) and fiberglass pins cemented with resin cements

Os retentores intra-radiculares têm a função de manter a restauração definitiva em posição e de proteger o remanescente dental, proporcionado longevidade a estrutura dentária. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a resistência à tração entre os pinos de fibra de vidro (Ângelus) e núcleos metálicos fundidos (Ni-Cr) cimentados com cimento resinoso. Trinta dentes humanos unirradiculares tiveram seus condutos preparados com diâmetro e profundidade padronizados e em seguida, incluídos em resina epóxica presa à raiz. Os dentes foram divididos em três grupos: G1 – núcleo metálico fundido; G2 – 1 pino de fibra de vidro; G3 – 1 pino de fibra de vidro mais dois pinos acessórios de fibra de vidro. Em todos os grupos foi utilizado para cimentação dos pinos o cimento resinoso de dupla polimerização Rely X ARC (3M ESPE). Após armazenagem em solução fisiológica por uma semana em temperatura de 37° C, os espécimes foram submetidos ao teste de tração (EMIC) a uma velocidade de 0,5 mm/min...

Posts are used to keep the definitive restoration in place and protect the remaining dental structure, increasing its longevity. The objective of this study was to compare the tensile strength between glass fiberrein forced-posts (Ângelus) and cast posts (Ni-Cr) cemented with resin cement. Thirty single rooted human teeth had their root canal prepared with a standadized diameter and depth. The teeth were divided into three groups with ten teeth each: G1 – cast posts; G2 –one glass fiber reinforced post; G3 – one glass fiber reinforced posts and two accessory glass fiber posts. Dual cured resin cement Rely X ARC 3M/ESPE was used in all groups for cementation of posts. After storage in saline for one week at 37º C, the specimens were submitted to a tensile load test in a universal testing machine (EMIC) at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min...

Influence of different adhesive systems on the pull-out bond strength of glass fiber posts

This in vitro study evaluated the tensile bond strength of glass fiber posts (Reforpost – Angelus-Brazil) cemented to root dentin with a resin cement (RelyX ARC – 3M/ESPE) associated with two different adhesive systems (Adper Single Bond - 3M/ ESPE and Adper Scotchbond Multi Purpose (MP) Plus – 3M/ESPE), using the pull-out test. Twenty single-rooted human teeth with standardized root canals were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n=10): G1- etching with 37% phosphoric acid gel (3M/ ESPE) + Adper Single Bond + #1 post (Reforpost – Angelus) + four #1 accessory posts (Reforpin – Angelus) + resin cement; G2- etching with 37% phosphoric acid gel + Adper Scotchbond MP Plus + #1 post + four #1 accessory posts + resin cement. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 7 days and submitted to the pull-out test in a universal testing machine (EMIC) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The mean values of bond strength (kgf) and standard deviation were: G1- 29.163 ± 7.123; G2- 37.752 ±13.054. Statistical analysis (Student’s t-test; á=0.05 showed no statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the groups. Adhesive bonding failures between resin cement and root canal dentin surface were observed in both groups, with non-polymerized resin cement in the apical portion of the post space when Single Bond was used (G1). The type of adhesive system employed on the fiber post cementation did not influence the pull-out bond strength.

Avaliação comparativa da resistência à tração entre pinos metálicos (Ni/Cr) e de fibra de vidro cimentados com cimento de ionômero de vidro / Comparative evaluation of tensile bond strength between metallic posts (Ni/Cr) and glass fiber posts luted with glass ionomer cement

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar, in vitro, a força de remoção por tração entre diferentes pinos intrarradiculares cimentados com cimento de ionômero de vidro (Rely X Luting – 3M/ESPE). Foram utilizadas 30 raízes de dentes unirradiculares humanos, tendo seu comprimento e de seus condutos padronizados, e divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos, conforme o tipo dos pinos. Grupo 1: 1 pino principal (Reforpost - Angelus) + 4 pinos acessórios (Reforpin - Angelus), Grupo 2: apenas 1 pino principal (Reforpost - Angelus), Grupo 3 (controle): núcleos metálicos fundidos (Ni/Cr). Os corpos-de-prova foram armazenados em água destilada a 37°C por uma semana e submetidos ao teste de remoção por tração em máquina de ensaio universal a uma velocidade de 0,5mm/min. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste estatístico de Análise de Variância a um critério (ANOVA). As médias obtidas foram: Grupo 1 (46,27 kgf ±16,30); Grupo 2 (29,98 kgf ± 12,07) e o Grupo 3 (38,13kgf ± 18,41). Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos testados.