Incorporação de medicamentos no SUS: comparação entre oncologia e componente especializado da assistência farmacêutica / Incorporation of medicines in the Unified Health System (SUS): comparison between oncology and the specialized component of pharmaceutical care

Resumo O cumprimento dos prazos legais para incorporação e disponibilização de tecnologias no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) é fundamental para o acesso da população aos medicamentos considerados essenciais. Objetivou-se analisar o cumprimento destes prazos comparando a Oncologia e o Componente Especializado de Assistência Farmacêutica (CEAF). Comparou-se os processos de incorporação de medicamentos no SUS da Oncologia e do CEAF que foram submetidos à Conitec no período de 01 de janeiro de 2017 a 30 de abril de 2020. No período, 83 processos de incorporação de medicamentos foram recomendados para incorporação pela Conitec, dos quais 13 (15,66%) eram da Oncologia e 70 (84,34%) eram do CEAF. Verifica-se que o tempo de análise e recomendação pela Conitec até a publicação da decisão pelo Ministério da Saúde foi, em média, 15 dias maior para processos que continham medicamentos oncológicos e o tempo para disponibilização das tecnologias incorporadas da área da oncologia foi, em média, 389 dias maior que do CEAF. Reconhece-se o importante avanço obtido com a criação da Conitec no Brasil, porém os resultados deste estudo apontam para a necessidade de aprimoramento do processo de disponibilização de tecnologias incorporadas no SUS, em especial da Oncologia.

Abstract Compliance with legal deadlines for the assessment and incorporation of technologies in Brazil's Unified Health System (SUS) is essential to ensure public access to essential medicines. The scope of this paper was to analyze the compliance with legal deadlines for incorporation and availability of medicines in the SUS, comparing Oncology and the Specialized Component of Pharmaceutical Assistance (SCPA). A comparison was made of the drugs incorporated that were submitted to Conitec in the period from January 1, 2017, to April 30, 2020. A total of 85 drugs were recommended for incorporation by Conitec, of which 15 (17.64%) were for Oncology and 70 (82.36%) were for SCPA. The time between analysis and recommendation by Conitec until the publication of the decision by the Ministry of Health was, on average, 86 days longer for oncological drugs and the availability timeframe of technologies incorporated in the oncology area was, on average, 389 days longer than for SCPA. The major progress achieved with the creation of Conitec in Brazil is acknowledged, but the results of this study point to a pressing need to improve the process of making available technologies incorporated into the SUS, especially in oncology.

Laparoscopic ureteropyeloanastomosis in the treatment of duplex system

PURPOSE: Duplex system is one of the most common anomalies of upper urinary tract. Anatomical and clinical presentation determine its treatment. Usually, the upper moiety has a poor function and requires resection, but when it is not significantly impaired, preservation is recommended. Laparoscopic reconstruction with upper pole preservation is presented as an alternative treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four female patients with duplex system, one presenting with recurrent urinary tract infection and the others with urinary incontinence associated to infrasphincteric ectopic ureter, were treated. Surgical procedure envolved a laparoscopic ureteropyeloanastomosis of the upper pole ureter to the pelvis of the lower moiety, with prior insertion of a double J stent. RESULTS: Surgical time varied from 120 to 150 minutes, with minimal blood loss in all cases. Follow-up varied from 15 to 30 months, with resolution of the clinical symptoms and preservation of the upper moiety function. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic ureteropyeloanatomosis is a feasible and safe minimally invasive option in the treatment of duplex system.

Metabolic assessment of elderly men with urolithiasis

OBJECTIVE: To assess the presence of metabolic disorders in elderly men with urolithiasis. METHODS: We performed a case-control study. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) men older than 60 years of age and either (2) antecedent renal colic or an incidental diagnosis of urinary lithiasis after age 60 (case arm) or (3) no antecedent renal colic or incidental diagnosis of urolithiasis (control arm). Each individual underwent an interview, and those who were selected underwent all clinical protocol examinations: serum levels of total and ionized calcium, uric acid, phosphorus, glucose, urea, creatinine and parathyroid hormone, urine culture, and analysis of 24-hour urine samples (levels of calcium, citrate, creatinine, uric acid and sodium, pH and urine volume). Each case arm patient underwent two complete metabolic urinary investigations, whereas each control arm individual underwent one examination. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01246531. RESULTS: A total of 51 subjects completed the clinical investigation: 25 in the case arm and 26 in the control arm. In total, 56% of the case arm patients had hypocitraturia (vs. 15.4% in the control arm; p = 0.002). Hypernatriuria was detected in 64% of the case arm patients and in 30.8% of the controls (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Hypocitraturia and hypernatriuria are the main metabolic disorders in elderly men with urolithiasis.

Comparison between two shock wave regimens using frequencies of 60 and 90 impulses per minute for urinary stones

PURPOSE: Two different regimens of SWL delivery for treating urinary stones were compared. METHODS: Patients with urinary stones were randomly divided into two groups, one of which received 3000 shocks at a rate of 60 impulses per minute and the other of which received 4000 shocks at 90 impulses per minute. Success was defined as stone-free status or the detection of residual fragments of less than or equal to 3 mm three months after treatment. Partial fragmentation was considered to have occurred if a significant reduction in the stone burden was observed but residual fragments of 3mm or greater remained. RESULTS: A total of 143 procedures were performed with 3000 impulses at a rate of 60 impulses per minute, and 156 procedures were performed with 4000 impulses at 90 impulses per minute. The stone-free rate was 53.1 percent for patients treated with the first regimen and 54.8 percent for those treated with the second one (p = 0.603). The stone-free rate for stones smaller than 10 mm was 60 percent for patients treated with 60 impulses per minute and 58.6 percent for those treated with 90 impulses per minute. For stones bigger than 10 mm, stone-free rates were 34.2 percent and 45.7 percent, respectively (p = 0.483). Complications occurred in 2.3 percent of patients treated with 60 impulses per minute and 3.3 percent of patients treated with 90 impulses per minute. CONCLUSION: No significant differences in the stone-free and complication rates were observed by reducing the total number of impulses from 4000 to 3000 and the frequency from 90 to 60 impulses per minute.

Doença de Castleman / Castleman's disease

A Doença de Castleman (DC) é rara, sendo também conhecidacomo hiperplasia linfonodal gigante. É mais comumenteencontrada em adultos jovens, com predileção pelo mediastino,embora possa ocorrer em qualquer local do sistema linfático. DC édividida em dois subtipos clínicos, unicêntrico e multicêntrico e doistipos histológicos, hialino-vascular e plasmocítico. Relata-se ocaso de paciente de 19 anos, com uma história clínica de massacervical há sete anos. O diagnóstico definitivo foi feito após aressecção e exame histopatológico, que mostrou lesão tipo hialinovascular.Não houve sinais de recidiva após um ano deseguimento.

Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare disorder, also known as giantlymph node hyperplasia. It's more commonly found in young adults,with predilection to mediastinum, although it may occur in any partof the lymphatic chain. CD is divided into two clinical subtypes,unicentric and multicentric, and two histological types, hyalinevascular and plasma cell. A case of a 19-year-old woman, with ahistory of a cervical mass for 7 years is reported. The definitivediagnosis was made after resection and histopathologicalexamination, which showed hyaline vascular type. There was nosign of recurrence after 1 year.

Carcinoma espinocelular de palato mole / Squamous cell carcinoma of the soft palate

Introdução: Câncer de orofaringe tem incidência mundial de 8,3 casos por 100.000 habitantes. Carcinoma espinocelular representa 95% do total de tumores malignos da orofaringe. O palato mole representa 5-12% do total destes tumores. Fatores etiológicos incluem álcool e tabaco. Os tumores são freqüentemente assintomáticos e apresentam-se em estádios avançados ao diagnóstico. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo baseado na análise de prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de carcinoma espinocelular de palato mole. Resultados: Dentre 15 pacientes, 13 eram do sexo masculino e 2 do sexo feminino. Idade variou entre 54 a 76, média 63,6 anos. Sintomas mais freqüentes foram odinofagia, disfagia, nódulo cervical e emagrecimento. Pacientes no estádio IV tem prognóstico reservado, demonstrando a importância do diagnóstico precoce que permita tratamentos curativos.

Introduction: The world incidende of oropharyngeal cancer is 8.3 cases/100,000 inhabitants. The squamous cell carcinoma represents 95% of all malign tumors of oropharynx and the soft palate represents 5-12% of those tumors. Etiologic factors include alcohol and tobacco. The tumors are frequently asymptomatic and the diagnosis is usually made in advanced stages of the disease. Methods: This is a retrospective study based on charter review of cases diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma of the soft palate. Results: From 15 pacients, 13 were men and 2 were women. The ages varied from 54 to 76, average, 63.6 years old. All patients had previous history of alcohol and tobacco use. The most frequent symptoms found were odinophagia, dysphagia, cervical nodule and weight loss. Patients in stage IV have a reserved prognosis, showing the importance of early diagnosis in order to allow healing treatment.

Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty in 47 cases

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of a sequence of 47 laparoscopic Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasties for the treatment of patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction, independently of the etiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty male and 27 female patients diagnosed with ureteropelvic junction obstruction were treated by Anderson-Hynes transperitoneal laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty from April 2002 to January 2006. The age of the patients ranged from four to 75 years, with a mean age of 32.3 years. The follow-up ranged between six and 30 months, with a mean follow-up time of 24 months. The outcomes were evaluated through the assessment of symptoms and imaging studies. RESULTS: In 44 (93.6 percent) of the 47 patients, resolution of the pain and a reduction in ureteropelvic dilation were observed. The mean operative time was 157 minutes (ranging from 90 to 270 minutes). Neither blood transfusion nor conversion to open surgery was required. The mean hospital stay was 2.2 days. The presence of crossing vessels over the ureteropelvic junction was verified in 26 patients (55 percent), and vessel transposition in relation to the urinary tract was performed in 25 of these cases. In one patient, the crossing vessel was mobilized out of the ureteropelvic junction with a perivascular suture to the renal capsule associated with the pyeloplasty. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of transperitoneal Anderson-Hynes laparoscopic pyeloplasty used for different causes of pyeloureteral obstruction presented a success rate similar to a previously-published open procedure, with the advantage of being less invasive. This procedure may be considered the first option for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy of impacted ureteral calculi

INTRODUCTION: This work evaluates the results of ureteroscopic treatment of impacted ureteral stones with a pneumatic lithotripter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 1997 to May 2002, 42 patients with impacted ureteral stones were treated by retrograde ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy. Twenty-eight patients were female and 14 were male. The stone size ranged from 5 to 20 mm. The ureteral sites of the stones were distal in 21, middle in 12 and proximal in 9. RESULTS: Considering stones with distal location in the ureter, 1 patient had ureteral perforation and developed a stricture in the follow-up (4.7 percent). As for stones in the middle ureter, 2 perforations and 1 stricture were observed (8.3 percent) and regarding stones located in the proximal ureter, 5 perforations and 4 strictures occurred (44 percent). In the mid ureter, 1 ureteral avulsion was verified. In 34 patients without ureteral perforation, only 1 developed a stricture (2.9 percent). Of 8 patients who had perforation, 6 developed strictures. The overall incidence of stricture following treatment of impacted ureteral calculi was 14.2 percent. CONCLUSIONS: Ureteroscopy for impacted ureteral calculi is associated with a higher incidence of ureteral perforation and stricture. Ureteroscopy of proximal ureteral calculi is associated with a high risk of perforation, when compared to mid or distal ureteral calculi. Ureteral perforation at the site of the stone seems to be the primary risk factor for stricture formation in these cases.

Endopielotomia com cateter acucise / Endopyelotomy with acucise catheter

Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia, complicaçöes e resultados do tratamento endoscópico das obstruçöes da junçäo uretero-piélica (JUP) com cateter acucise. Material e métodos: quinze pacientes portadores de obstruçäo da foram tratados por meio de endopielotomia com cateter acucise. Todos os pacientes realizaram previamente ao procedimento uma urografia excretora. Destes, 13 pacientes também realizaram um renograma diurético. Em 12 pacientes a cirurgia foi realizada por via retrógrada. Três pacientes eram portadores de cálculo ranal no grupo calicinal inferior de aproximadamente 2 cm de diâmetro, sendo indicado a cirurgia por via anterógrada para extraçäo simultânea do cálculo. Em todos os pacientes, ao término do procedimento, foi passado um cateter duplo-J que permaneceu por 6 semanas. Resultado: Considerou-se como sucesso os pacientes que apresentaram melhora ou desaparecimento dos sintomas de dor, melhora da dilataçäo pielocalicinal avaliado por meio da urografia excretora e melhora no renograma diurético. O índice de sucesso foi de 86 porcento. Um paciente apresentou pielonefrite aguda sendo tratado com antibioticoterapia, havendo resoluçäo do quadro. Conclusäo: A endopielotomia com cateter acucise pode ser considerada a primeira opçäo de tratamento das obstruçöes da JUP em adultos e crianças a partir de 8 anos

Transplantes renal com arterias multiplas: experiencia com tecnicas de reconstruçao vascular / Renal transplantation with multiple arteries: experience with several techniques of vascular reconstruction

Os autores apresentam sua experiencia em transplante renal com a utilizaçao de rins com arterias multiplas. Foram utilizados 23 rins nestas condiçoes empregando-se 6 tecnicas diferentes de reconstruçao vascular, com excelente resultado evidenciado por perfusao imediata e boa funçao renal tardia

Transplante renal: experiência com 97 casos / Kidney transplantation: experience with 97 cases

É mostrada a experiência de 97 casos de transplante renal, sendo discutido o diagnóstico, tratamento e evoluçäo das complicaçöes cirúrgicas. Fístula urinária ocorreu em 8 casos, linfoceles em 3, complicaçöes vasculares em 4, calculose em 2 e retençäo vesical em 2. Esta experiência cirúrgica foi adquirida por um grupo de transplante ligado a um hospital convencionado com a Previdência Social

Amputaçäo traumática de pênis / Traumatic amputation of the penis

Este é um caso de amputaçäo traumática de pênis, que foi reimplantado por reanastosome primária, com sucesso em sua evoluçäo

Consideraçöes diagnósticas e terapêuticas em fibrose retroperitoneal idiopática: análise de 6 casos / Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: analysis of 6 cases

Fibrose retroperitoneal idiopática é um processo inflamatório inespecífico localizado no retroperitônio entre L4 e L5, cuja etiopatogenia é desconhecida. Sua sintomatologia é incaracterística, com mal-estar, dor abdominal ou lombar e desconforto gastrintestinal. A morbidade está relacionada à obstruçäo ureteral, que pode levar à destruiçäo do rim, e, caso seja bilateral, à insuficiência renal. Säo apresentados 6 casos desta doença, sendo que em 4 pacientes havia obstruçäo ureteral unilateral e, em 2, bilateral. Todos apresentavam antecedentes de dor abdominal ou lombar. Dois apresentavam-se com edema de membros inferiores e 2 com insuficiência renal. Os dois pacientes em insuficiência renal foram tratados inicialmente com cateterizaçäo ureteral, sendo que em um deles optou-se pela permanência dos mesmos (cateteres duplo J) a longo prazo, com ótimos resultados. Cinco pacientes foram tratados cirurgicamente pela ureterolise. Dois destes apresentaram recorrência contralateral de obstruçäo ureteral, que regrediu com uso de corticóides

Cistite enfisematosa / Emphysematous cystitis

Em 1961, pneumatúria primária e cistite enfisematosa, até entäo entidades distintas, foram integradas por Bailey em cistite enfisematosa. Säo apresentados dois casos, um dos quais exibindo em trato urinário superior, bilateralmente. A etiologia do processo, que é de bom prognóstico, associa glicosúria, estase e infecçäo urinária, em geral por E. coli ou Aerobacter aerogenes