Effects of Intravenous Administration of Taurocholate on Liver and Serum Thiosulfate Sulfurtransferase Activities in Cholestatic Rat

PURPOSE: To Study the possible mechanisms of change of thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (TST) activity in cholestatic rat liver and serum. METHODS: Rats were divided into seven groups: those receiving a sham operation (Sham group), with a bile duct obstruction (BDO) alone (BDO group), with a BDO plus taurocholic acid (TCA) injection (BDO plus TCA group), with a BDO plus tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) injection (BDO plus TUDCA group), a choledocho-caval shunt (CCS) operation (CCS groups), a CCS operation plus TCA injection (CCS plus TCA group) and a CCS operation plus TUDCA injection (CCS plus TUDCA group). The TST activities in the serum and in the hepatic subcellular fractions isolated from above experimental rats were determined. The Km and Vmax values of this hepatic enzyme were measured. RESULTS: The liver cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal TSTs activities, as well as the TST Vmax values were found to be significantly decreased in the BDO plus TCA and BDO groups compared to the control group. The activity and Vmax value of the liver cytosolic TST were also found to be significantly decreased in the CCS plus TCA group. Conversely, there was no variation in the Km values of the hepatic enzymes in any of the above experimental groups. The serum TST activities in the CCS plus TCA and BDO plus TCA groups, were significantly increased compared with the control, CCS and BDO groups. However, the serum and hepatic enzyme activities were unchanged in both the CCS plus TUDCA and BDO plus TUDCA groups. CONCLUSION: The above results indicate that TCA represses the biosynthesis of TST in the liver. Also, the elevated TST activity in the serum is most likely due to an increase in the permeability of hepatocytes membrane upon TCA mediated liver cell necrosis.

Effects of Intravenous Administration of Taurocholate on Liver and Serum Thiosulfate Sulfurtransferase Activities in Cholestatic Rat

PURPOSE: To Study the possible mechanisms of change of thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (TST) activity in cholestatic rat liver and serum. METHODS: Rats were divided into seven groups: those receiving a sham operation (Sham group), with a bile duct obstruction (BDO) alone (BDO group), with a BDO plus taurocholic acid (TCA) injection (BDO plus TCA group), with a BDO plus tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) injection (BDO plus TUDCA group), a choledocho-caval shunt (CCS) operation (CCS groups), a CCS operation plus TCA injection (CCS plus TCA group) and a CCS operation plus TUDCA injection (CCS plus TUDCA group). The TST activities in the serum and in the hepatic subcellular fractions isolated from above experimental rats were determined. The Km and Vmax values of this hepatic enzyme were measured. RESULTS: The liver cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal TSTs activities, as well as the TST Vmax values were found to be significantly decreased in the BDO plus TCA and BDO groups compared to the control group. The activity and Vmax value of the liver cytosolic TST were also found to be significantly decreased in the CCS plus TCA group. Conversely, there was no variation in the Km values of the hepatic enzymes in any of the above experimental groups. The serum TST activities in the CCS plus TCA and BDO plus TCA groups, were significantly increased compared with the control, CCS and BDO groups. However, the serum and hepatic enzyme activities were unchanged in both the CCS plus TUDCA and BDO plus TUDCA groups. CONCLUSION: The above results indicate that TCA represses the biosynthesis of TST in the liver. Also, the elevated TST activity in the serum is most likely due to an increase in the permeability of hepatocytes membrane upon TCA mediated liver cell necrosis.

Retrograde Jejunogastric Intussusception: A Rare Complication of Gastric Surgery

Retrograde jejunogastric intussusception is a rare complication of gastric surgery. We report a case of retrograde jejunogastric intussusception that developed after a gastric resection. The patient was a 62 years old female patient who complained severe epigastric pain, vomiting and hematemesis. She had a gastric resection and Billroth II anastomosis performed using the Braun procedure 6 months prior because of early gastric cancer. At the time of admission, the plain abdomen revealed an ileus change, but the vital signs and symptoms had worsened. An emergency operation was therefore performed and a strangulated retrograde jejunogastric intussusception of efferent loop was discovered. Surgical management consisted of a segmental resection of the jejunum. It is recommended that treatment be done as early as possible in order to prevent a strangulation of the invaginated segment. This case illustrates the rare complications of a type 2b retrograde jejunogastric intussusception that developed more than 6 months after a gastric resection and a Billroth II anastomosis using the Braun procedure.

Effects of Intravenous Administration of Taurocholate on Hepatic Thiol Methyltransferase Activity in Cholestatic Rat

PURPOSE: The possible mechanisms of increased thiol me thyltransferase (TMT) activity in cholestatic rat livers and serum were studied. METHODS: Rats were divided into seven groups: rats receiv ing a sham operation, rats with a bile duct obstruction (BDO) alone (BDO group), rats with BDO plus taurocholic acid (TCA) injection (BDO plus TCA group), rats with BDO plus tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) injection (BDO plus TUDCA group), rats receiving a choledoco-caval shunt (CCS) operation (CCS groups), rats receiving a CCS operation plus TCA Injection (CCS plus TCA group), and rats receiving a CCS operation plus TUDCA injection (CCS plus TUDCA group). The TMT activities in the serum and in the hepatic subcellular fractions isolated from these experimental rats were determined. The values of Km and Vmax in this he patic enzyme were measured. RESULTS: The activities of liver mitochondrial and microsomal TMTs as well as the Vmax values of TMT were found to be increased significantly in both the CCS plus TCA and the BDO plus TCA groups, compared with the CCS and BDO groups. On the other hand, the Km values of hepatic subcellular TMT were the same in all experimental groups. The serum TMT activity increased significantly in both the CCS plus TCA and the BDO plus TCA groups, compared with the control, CCS and BDO groups. However, these serum and hepatic enzyme activities were the same in the CCS plus TUDCA and the BDO plus TUDCA groups. CONCLUSION: The above results suggest that TCA stimulates the biosynthesis of TMT in the liver. Also, the elevated TMT activity in the serum is thought to be caused by an increase in membrane permeability of hepatocytes from liver cell necrosis caused by TCA.

Analysis of 32 cases of Krukenberg Tumors / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: The Krukenberg tumor is a metastatic or primary malignant ovarian tumor of the signet-ring cell type. The incidence of this tumor is higher in Korea than in western, among relatively young age group with poor prognosis. We evaluated the clinical characteristics of the Krukenberg tumor (metastasized from stomach cancer) and the relationship between the survival and clinical characteristics (including treatment modalities). METHODS: We analyzed 32 cases of the Krukenberg tumor metastasized from stomach cancer at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital. RESULTS: Among the 32 cases of the Krukenberg tumor, the age distribution ranged from 22 to 58 years, and the mean age was 38.8 years. The most common chief complaint was lower abdominal pain(11 cases). The majority of the stomach cancer showed serosal invasion and was signet-ring cell type in histology. The mean survival was 20 months. In patients with ascites(22 cases), the mean survival was 16 months in contrast to 25 months in ascites-free patients(10 cases). In the chemotherpy group, the mean survival was 23 months in contrast to 16 months in chemotherpy-free group. Also, longer mean survival(25months) was shown in cases with optimal surgery group than non-optimal surgery group. CONCLUSIONS: The survival of krukenberg tumor was shown to be related to the surigcal resectability and chemotherpy modalities.

Induction of Hepatic Arylamine N-Methyltransferase by a Taurocholate Load in Rats

PURPOSE: The possible mechanisms of increased arylamine N-methyl- transferase (AMT) activity in cholestatic rat livers and serum were studied. METHODS: Rats were divided into eight groups: rats receiving a sham operation, rats with a bile duct obstruction (BDO) alone (BDO group), rats with a BDO plus taurocholic acid (TCA) injection (BDO plus TCA group), rats with a BDO plus tauroursode oxycholic acid (TUDCA) injection (BDO plus TUDCA group), rats receiving a choledocho-caval shunt (CCS) operation (CCS groups), rats receiving a CCS operation plus TCA injection (CCS plus TCA group), and rats receiving a CCS operation plus TUDCA injection (CCS plus TUDCA group). The AMT activities in the serum and in the hepatic subcellular fractions isolated from the above experimental rats were determined. The values of Km and Vmax in this hepatic enzyme were measured. RESULTS: The activities of liver mitochondrial and microsomal AMTs as well as the Vmax values of AMT, were found to be increased significantly in both the CCS plus TCA group and the BDO plus TCA group compared with the CCS and BDO groups. On the other hand, the values of Km of hepatic subcellular AMT was the same in all experimental groups. The serum AMT activity increased significantly in both the CCS plus TCA group and the BDO plus TCA group compared with control the CCS and BDO group. However, these serum and hepatic enzyme activities were the same in both the CCS plus TUDCA group and the BDO plus TUDCA group. CONCLUSION: The above results suggest that TCA stimulates the biosynthesis of AMT in the liver. Also, the elevated AMT activity in the serum is thought to be caused by an increase in the membrane permeability of hepatocytes from liver cell necrosis caused by TCA.

Cholesterol Granuloma Presenting as Retroperitoneal Mass: A case report

Cholesterol granulomas are common in the mastoid region, but have rarely been reported in other areas. The authors report the case of a 53-year-old female who had a cholesterol granuloma of the retroperitoneum. The disease was confirmed by surgical pathologic examination of the tissue submitted. We report on that case and give a brief review of the literature.

Arylamine Acetyltransferase Activity from a Regenerating Liver after Partial Hepatectomy and from a Cholestatic Liver after Common Bile Duct Ligation in Rats

A study was made of the change in arylamine acetyltransferase(AAT) activity in regenerating and/or cholestatic rat livers. Cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal AAT activities were determined over a period of 10 days in rat livers which were regenerating after 70%(median and left lateral lobes) partial hepatectomy and over a period of 42 days in rat livers with cholestasis induced by a common bile duct ligation. The values of Km and Vmax in these hepatic enzymes were measured. Both the cytosolic and the microsomal AAT activities in the regenerating rat livers showed significant increases from the first day to the third day after the partial hepatectomy. However, the mitochondrial AAT activity did not change. The cytosolic and the microsomal AAT activities in the cholestatic rat livers showed a significant increase on the first day and from the first day to the second day, respectively after the ligation; Both the cytosolic and the microsomal AAT activities showed significant decreases from the fourteenth day to the forty-second day after the ligation. However, the mitochondrial AAT activity did not change. The Vmax values of both the cytosolic and the microsomal AAT activity in the regenerating and/or cholestatic rat livers showed significant increases on the first day after the partial hepatectomy and/or the ligation. However, the Vmax values of both the cytosolic and the microsomal AAT activities in the cholestatic rat livers showed significant decreases on the twenty-eighth day after the ligation. On the other hand, the Km values of the above enzymes did not change. In view of the above results, the AAT activity in the regenerating rat liver appears to be due to the enzyme increasing its biosynthesis in the regenerating stage. The AAT activity in the cholestatic rat liver suggests that the enzymes is increasing its biosynthesis in the severe necrotizing stage, but decreasing its biosynthesis severe hepatic dysfunction stage.

Double Skin Incision in Breast Operation

Now, in nearly all operations, bleeding is controlled by electric cautery (Bovie). Bovie discovered that a high-frequency alternating current could be used to incise tissue or coagulate blood to obtain hemostasis. The technique was popularized by other operations. In this procedure, a mild thermal injury occurs away from the plane of cautery, and blood vessels thrombose. Although this cautery is very useful for easily controlling the bleeding and for shortening the operation time, an electric hypertropic scar and a poor cosmetic skin incision margin remain; for young women, an operative scar assumes particular cosmetic importance. This study was made to improve the hypertropic scar and the poor cosmetic skin incision margin.

Heterotopic Partial Liver Transplantation Using Inbred Cirrhotic Rat: Concept of Host Hepatectomy / 대한이식학회지

Clinical heterotopic liver transplantation(HLT) has been carried out in the several institutions since 1962. Recently, Rotterdam group reported a successful clinical series of HLT in spite of several negative viewpoints against orthotopic liver transplantation. Among the successful HLT cases till now, several occurrences of hepatocellular carcinoma in the native liver had been reported. In the current study, a thirty percent liver was transplanted heterotopically in the dimethylnitrosoamine(DMN)-induced cirrhotic rats and the feasibility of host-hepatectomy after regeneration of the graft was tested, and we are going to introduce the concept of host liver resection(HR) to the clinical auxiliary liver transplantation. Of the thirty syngeneic partial HLT with portal blood input only, 16 rats died following transplantation and three rats dies after HR. The DMN-induced cirrhotic liver specimen showed a microscopic finding of nodular cirrhosis with thick intralobular fibrous septa. Grafts examined at three posttransplant weeks appeared architecturally normal and well regenerated and the atrophied host livers were small hard showing micronodularity on the surface. Of all the animals examined, no host liver tissues were regrowing after one month following near total HR. We conclude that HLT can be performed in the clinically relevant cirrhotic rats and HR is feasible after graft regeneration and expect that this experimental model can be used for the study of cirrhosis and HLT.

Airway Management by Bougienation in Tracheal Stenosis: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

The incidence of tracheal stenosis is increased because of the longterm respiratory care with endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy. Present therapeutic modalities for the relief of an tracheal or bronchial stenosis include laser resection, radiotherapy, cryotherapy, bougienation, stent insertion, dilatation with balloon catheter and finally reconstruction surgery. However, reconstruction surgery have some problems in ventilation during anesthetic management. Small sized tube insertion through lesion, high frequency jet ventilation, cardiopulmonary bypass are served to resolve ventilatory problem. We experienced a case of severe tracheal stenosis due to tracheostomy. The stenotic lesion was 2.5 cm above the carina, 3 mm in diameter and length of the stenotic segment was 1 cm. We used bougienation with endotracheal tube replace obturator for the ventilation before the reconstruction surgery and the patient was successfully managed without complications.