Construction of a Three-dimensional Syndrome Differentiation System for Pulmonary Nodules under the Perspective of Qi， Blood and Fluids / 中医杂志

Based on the theory of qi， blood and fluids， and taking into account of the pathogenesis evolution process from constraint to phlegm， stasis and then mass in pulmonary nodules， an attempt has been made to construct a three-dimensional differentiation system for pulmonary nodules from the dimensions of time and space. The temporal progression of the early， middle， and late stages of pulmonary nodules reflects the pathological changes from constraint to phlegm and then stasis in the metabolism disorders of qi， blood and fluid. The spatial structures such as size， density， and morphology of pulmonary nodules reflect the pathological states of the duration， severity， and primary and secondary conditions of qi， blood and fluid metabolism disorders. Based on the temporal progression， the therapeutic principles have been proposed， which are dispelling pathogenic factors and promoting the use of beneficial factors to interrupt the growth momentum in the early stage， removing turbidity and dispersing phlegm to reduce the degree of nodules in the middle stage， and dispersing nodulation and eliminating abnormalities in the late stage. Based on the spatial structures， the suggested therapeutic methods are using wind herbs， employing multiple approaches to treat phlegm， and promoting blood circulation to resolve stasis， so as to provide theoretical reference for the systematic diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary nodules in traditional Chinese medicine.

Establishment and Application of Rapid Screening Method for Influenza Virus Neuraminidase Inhibitors Sourced from Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Fluorescence Detection / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo establish a rapid screening method for influenza virus neuraminidase（NA） inhibitors sourced from Chinese medicines based on fluorescence detection. MethodThe method was constructed based on the principle that after the reaction of the test sample and a certain amount of NA， the activity of some NA will be inhibited by the test sample， and the NA that is still active after the addition of the substrate can generate fluorescence at a specific wavelength when combined with the fluorescent substrate， and the inhibition rate of the test sample on NA was calculated according to the measured fluorescence intensity， so as to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of the test sample on NA. A total of 49 high-purity chemical components from 12 Chinese medicines were used to evaluate the in vitro anti-NA activity by the established method. The theoretical calculated values of binding energy and inhibition constant after docking between the NA protein receptor and the test sample were used to prove the accuracy of the experimental results. The established method was applied to detect the in vitro NA inhibitory activity of different batches of Banlangen granules and Kangbingdu granules， so as to evaluate the quality consistency among different batches of samples. ResultThe methodological examination results showed that the method had good accuracy and repeatability. The screening results of 49 components showed that 22 of them had strong in vitro inhibitory activity against NA than peramivir ［half inhibitory concentration（IC50） was 131.2 μmol·L-1］， such as schaftoside， isoorientin， chebulinic acid， menthone and isoschaftoside. The inhibitory activity of the remaining 27 components was weaker than that of peramivir. The molecular docking results showed that the theoretical calculation results of binding energies and inhibition constants of most compounds were basically consistent with the experimental results. The test results of the inhibitory activity of 12 batches of Banlangen granules on NA showed that the quality consistency among samples A1， A2， B2， C1， C2， E2 and F2 was good. The analysis results of the inhibitory activity of 9 batches of Kangbingdu granules produced by the same manufacturer on NA showed that the inhibitory rates of samples K1 to K9 were 37.68%， 36.18%， 31.37%， 33.98%， 40.36%， 33.76%， 40.69%， 41.08%， 40.06% when the concentration of 0.02 g·mL-1， and the average inhibitory rate was 37.24%. ConclusionIn this paper， we successfully established an analytical method that can be used to rapidly evaluate whether Chinese medicines （derived from chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine or proprietary Chinese medicines） have in vitro anti-NA activity， which can be a powerful supplement to the existing screening methods for influenza virus NA inhibitors. And this method was used to screen 22 compounds from 12 Chinese medicines with good in vitro inhibitory activity against NA， which can provide candidate compounds for the development of anti-influenza small molecule drugs.

Effects of “Sweat Soaking Method ”on the Content of Genkwanin in Wikstroemia indica and Its Anti-oxidation Ability / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To compare the content changes of active/toxic ingredient genkwanin in ethanol extract from Wikstroemia indica before and after processing with “sweat soaking method ”and the effects of processing method on its anti-oxidation ability. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted to determine the content of genkwanin in W. indica before and after processing with “sweat soaking method ”. The separation was performed on Diamonsil C 18 column with 0.2％ phosphoric acid solution-methanol as mobile phase （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃ and detection wavelength was set at 346 nm. The sample size was 20 µL. SD rats were randomly divided into blank group ，W. indica raw product ethanol extract group （317.52 mg/kg，called“raw-product group ”as short ）and W. indica processed product ethanol extract group （317.52 mg/kg，called“processed-product group ”as short ），with 6 rats in each group. Blank group was given constant volume of 1.0％CMC-Na solution intragastrically ，and administration groups were given relevant medicine suspension intragastrically；all of them were given 20 mL/kg，once a day ，for consecutive 14 days. The contents of serum oxidant stress indexes（MDA，CAT，SOD）in rats were determined by ELISA. RESULTS ：The linear range of genkwanin were 0.147-27.360 μg （r＝0.999 9）；RSDs of precision ，reproducibility and stability tests were all lower than 3％ ；average recoveries were 98.64％-98.92％（RSD＜1％，n＝3）. Before and after processing with “sweat soaking method ”，average contents of genkwanin in W. indica were 0.377 6 and 0.234 0 mg/g. Compared with blank group ，the serum content of SOD in raw-product group was increased significantly ，while CAT content was decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；the serum content of MDA was decreased significantly in processed-product group ，while SOD content was increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. MDA content of processed-product group was significantly lower than that of raw-product group ，while SOD content was significantly higher than raw-product group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：After proce ssing with “sweat soaking method ”，the content of genkwanin in W. indica is decreased ，and antioxidant activity is increased .“Sweat soaking method ”processes certain function of “reducing toxicity and increasing efficiency ”.

Effect of curcumin on chemical intervention and mechanism of MNU-induced bladder cancer in rats / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To study the effect of curcumin on rat model of N-methylnitrosourea ( MNU) -induced bladder cancer and its mechanism. Methods One hundred SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group (n=10), model group (n=10), intervention group (n=40) and treatment group (n=40). Rats in the control group re-ceived intravesical infusion of distilled water. Rats in the other three groups were given MNU (1 mg/mL) in 2 mL saline at 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks to induce bladder cancer. In the model group, the rats were injected with distilled water in the bladder. The rats in the intervention group received 2 mL curcumin solution (400 μmol/L) at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th weeks, and were sacrificed at the 11th week. In the model group, the rats were injected with distilled water in the bladder. In the treatment group, the rats had intravesical instillation of curcumin in the bladder (400 μmol/L, 2 mL) at 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 weeks, and sacrificed at the 19th week. Bladder tissue samples were taken for pathological exami-nation using hematoxylin and eosin ( HE) staining. TUNEL staining assay was used to detect the apoptosis in tumor tissue. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was detected by Western blot. Results The incidence of bladder cancer was 90% (9/10) in the model group, 12. 5% (5/40) in the intervention group and 92. 5% (37/40) in the treatment group at the 10th week, showing a significant difference between the intervention group and model group (P<0. 05), indicating an obvious interventional effect of curcumin on the bladder cancer. The incidence rate of bladder cancer in the treatment group was 78. 4% (30/37) at the 19th week, and compared with the 10th week before treatment, showing that curcumin can de-lay the recurrence of bladder cancer. TUNEL staining assay confirmed that curcumin significantly promoted the apoptosis in bladder cancer cells and inhibited their proliferation. The Western blot analysis showed that curcumin inhibited the activa-tion of NF-κB and effectively down-regulated the expression of NF-κB-regulated gene product. Conclusions Curcumin has a significant interventional effect on MNU-induced bladder cancer in the rat models. The mechanism may be through inhibi-tion of NF-κB activation and effective down-regulated NF-κB regulation of the gene products, and to regulate the expression of related proteins in bladder cancer, i. e. , inhibition of proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and further play a role of an-ti-cancer intervention and prevention of bladder cancer recurrence.

Effect of curcumin on chemical intervention and mechanism of MNU-induced bladder cancer in rats / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To study the effect of curcumin on rat model of N-methylnitrosourea ( MNU) -induced bladder cancer and its mechanism. Methods One hundred SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group (n=10), model group (n=10), intervention group (n=40) and treatment group (n=40). Rats in the control group re-ceived intravesical infusion of distilled water. Rats in the other three groups were given MNU (1 mg/mL) in 2 mL saline at 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks to induce bladder cancer. In the model group, the rats were injected with distilled water in the bladder. The rats in the intervention group received 2 mL curcumin solution (400 μmol/L) at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th weeks, and were sacrificed at the 11th week. In the model group, the rats were injected with distilled water in the bladder. In the treatment group, the rats had intravesical instillation of curcumin in the bladder (400 μmol/L, 2 mL) at 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 weeks, and sacrificed at the 19th week. Bladder tissue samples were taken for pathological exami-nation using hematoxylin and eosin ( HE) staining. TUNEL staining assay was used to detect the apoptosis in tumor tissue. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was detected by Western blot. Results The incidence of bladder cancer was 90% (9/10) in the model group, 12. 5% (5/40) in the intervention group and 92. 5% (37/40) in the treatment group at the 10th week, showing a significant difference between the intervention group and model group (P<0. 05), indicating an obvious interventional effect of curcumin on the bladder cancer. The incidence rate of bladder cancer in the treatment group was 78. 4% (30/37) at the 19th week, and compared with the 10th week before treatment, showing that curcumin can de-lay the recurrence of bladder cancer. TUNEL staining assay confirmed that curcumin significantly promoted the apoptosis in bladder cancer cells and inhibited their proliferation. The Western blot analysis showed that curcumin inhibited the activa-tion of NF-κB and effectively down-regulated the expression of NF-κB-regulated gene product. Conclusions Curcumin has a significant interventional effect on MNU-induced bladder cancer in the rat models. The mechanism may be through inhibi-tion of NF-κB activation and effective down-regulated NF-κB regulation of the gene products, and to regulate the expression of related proteins in bladder cancer, i. e. , inhibition of proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and further play a role of an-ti-cancer intervention and prevention of bladder cancer recurrence.

Effect of BCG on bladder cancer cells and their metabolites in rats / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG)on bladder cancer cells and their metabolites, and to preliminarily explore the possible mechanisms of BCG in the treatment of bladder cancer. Methods The rat model of bladder cancer was induced by intravesical instillation with N-methylnitrosourea(MNU). Bladder cancer cells and normal transitional epithelial cells were isolated and primarily cultured, and were divided into 5 groups according to the different components of the culture medium. The concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-10(IL-10)in the supernatant of each group was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The concentration of BCG to inhibit the cancer cell growth was determined by MTT assay. Apoptosis of bladder cancer cells was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL). Results Among the 15 rats,2 rats died after 2 times of instillation, and 3 rats died after 3 times of instillation, without obvious tumors found at autopsy. The other 10 rats were killed after completion of the intravesically instillation of MNU, and obvious tumors were found in 8 of them after dissection. The results of MTT assay showed that BCG had an inhibitory effect on the growth of bladder cancer cells,and the inhibitory rate was positively correlated with the concentration of BCG. The results of ELISA showed that the concentrations of TNF-α in the supernatant of groups B and D were(160.654 ± 5.775) ng/L and(124.443 ± 4.972)ng/L, respectively, with significant differences from those of the other three groups. The concentrations of IL-10 in the groups B and E were(16.973 ± 3.428)ng/L and(20.327 ± 2.721)ng/L, significantly higher than those of the other three groups. Apoptosis of cancer cells was not found in all groups. HE staining of the primary bladder cancer cells showed that the volume of cell nucleus was increased, and the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio was increased. The number of nucleoli in some cells was increased and some nuclei appeared like ink drops with prominent nucleoli. Conclusions BCG has an inhibitory effect on the growth of rat bladder cancer cells. IL-10 and TNF-α secreted by the tumor cells might be involved in this regulatory process. However,apoptosis does not show an obvious effect on this inhibitory process.

Clinicopathological and prognostic analysis of primary clear cell carcinoma of the liver / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of primary clear cell carcinoma of the liver (PCCCL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 41 PCCCL patients who underwent hepatic resection for PCCCL from October 1998 to June 2012 in our department were retrospectively analyzed. There were 31 male and 10 female patients. The median age was 56 years (range, 25 to 80 years), and the diagnosis was confirmed by postoperative pathological examination. The data of 106 well or moderately differentiated non-clear cell hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and 86 poorly differentiated non-clear cell HCC patients who underwent hepatic resection in the same period in our hospital in the same period were compared. The χ(2) test or Fischer's exact test, as appropriate, was used to compare group frequencies. Survival analysis was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards model was used in multivariate analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proportion of fibrous capsule formation in the PCCCL tumors (46%, 19/41) was significantly higher than that of the other two groups (P < 0.05), whereas the PCCCL group had a lower rate of intravascular tumor embolus (2/41) and vascular invasion (1/41) (P < 0.05). The median survival time of PCCCL group was 65 months, the 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates for PCCCL patients were 90.2%, 67.4% and 42.0%, significantly better than that of poor differentiated NCCHCC group's (82.9%, 33.3%, 7.2%, P < 0.01). However, there were no statistic significant differences between PCCCL group and well or moderately differentiated NCCHCC group (84.7%, 55.7%, 34.4%, P > 0.05). Tumor capsule formation was an independent favorable prognostic factor. In contrast, preoperative serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) level and hepatitis B virus infection were independent unfavorable prognostic factors for PCCCL.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PCCCL is a rare, low degree malignant pathological subtype of HCC. Surgical resection may achieve favorable prognosis and even long-term survival.</p>

Surgical management of nodular hyperplasia tumor-like hepatic lesions: a study of 72 cases / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore and improve the diagnosis and treatment of benign hyperplasia tumor-like hepatic lesion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 72 patients who had undergone hepatic resection for benign non-cystic hepatic lesions between January 1987 and December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 46 male and 26 female patients. The median age was 49 years (ranging 15 to 72 years), and diagnosis were confirmed by postoperative pathological examination. Thirty-four cases had symptoms, such as abdominal discomfort in right upper quadrant, fever, fatigue. All the cases had undergone hepatic resection; totally 78 lesions were removed. The surgical procedure including hepatic lobectomy for 13 cases, hepatic segmentectomy for 19 cases and non-anatomy resection for 39 cases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The finally diagnosis included focal nodular hyperplasia in 47 cases, adenomatous hyperplasia in 3 cases, hepatic dysplastic nodule in 3 cases, inflammatory pseudotumor in 3 cases, hepatic granuloma in 4 cases, nodular cirrhosis in 3 cases, hepatitis nodule in 6 cases, nodular regenerative hyperplasia in 1 case, lymphoid hyperplasia in 1 case. The postoperative complication rate was low (19.4%, 14/72). The follow-up period was 6 to 96 months. There was no mortality caused by lesion. One patient developed recurrence after 3 years.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It is suggested that symptomatic lesions, lesions when malignancy cannot be excluded, and lesions which have canceration tendency, just like adenomatous hyperplasia, dysplastic nodule, and nodular cirrhosis regenerative hyperplasia need surgical resection. Operation is not necessary for other nodular hyperplasia lesions if the diagnoses are identified.</p>

Half-gloving cordectomy: a modified procedure for concealed penis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To search for a simple surgical procedure for the treatment of concealed penis that may have better effect and less complications.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We used a modified surgical method in the treatment of 58 patients with concealed penis aged from 3 to 15 (mean 6.8) years. The operation was simplified and involved the following steps: wholly unveiling the penis glans, half-degloving the foreskins, cutting off all the adhesive fibers up to the penile suspensory ligaments, and liberating the external penis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operation was successful in all the patients, with the operative time of 15 -45 (mean 33) minutes, hospital stay of 2 - 5 (mean 3.5) days, but no complications except mild foreskin edema in 5 cases. The external penis was prolonged from 0.5 - 2.8 (mean 1.4) cm preoperatively to 3.2 - 8.5 (mean 3.9) cm postoperatively. The patients were followed up for 1 -3 years, all satisfied with the length and appearance of the penis, and their sexual and reproductive functions were normal.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The modified surgical procedure for concealed penis is simple and effective, with desirable outcomes, few postoperative complications and no damage to sexual and reproductive functions.</p>

Clinical analysis of 51 cases of oral mucosal melanoma / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the treatment and prognosis of the patients with oral mucosal melanoma (OMM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathological and follow-up data of patients with OMM in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from January 1976 to December 2005 were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifty-one cases were analyzed. The pathological lymph node metastasis rate was 61% (31/51) and the affected sites were confined to level I(b)-III (94%). The overall three year and five yearsurvival rates were 35% and 21% respectively. No significant difference of three year and five year survival rates were found between the group of incisional biopsy and the group of excisional biopsy. The prognosis was not affected by pigmentation. The survival rate of the patients receiving surgery combined with biotherapy or biochemotherapy was significantly higher than that of the patients treated by other modalities (P = 0.003).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In patients with OMM, lymph node metastasis was mostly confined to level I(b)-III. Incisional biopsy and pigmentation were not associated with an unfavorable prognosis. The prognosis of the patients with OMM was poor and the patients may get a better prognosis by receiving surgery combined with biotherapy or biochemotherapy.</p>

Effect of nerve growth factor on adhesion and motional abilities of tumor cells and their correlation / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect on adhesion and motion capbilities of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), by detecting the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), E-cadherin (E-cad) and S100A4 and the clinical significance in ACC tissues and analyzing the relationships between them with perineural invasion (PNI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of NGF, E-cad and S100A4 in ACC was detected with the way of immunohistochemistry SP, and then analyzing the expression level of them in different pathological types and histological regions in statistical ways on the basis of their relation with clinical and pathological parameters.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of NGF and S100A4 in PNI group [88% (23/26) and 77% (20/26)], was higher than that in NPNI group (8/16 and 7/16, P < 0.05), and a positive correlation between them was identified in PNI group (r = 0.316, P < 0.05). However the E-cad expression was lower in PNI group [31% (8/26), P < 0.05]. On the other hand it suggested a negative correlation with NGF (r = 0.385, P < 0.05) as well as that with S100A4 (r = -0.612, P = 0.000). The expression level of NGF in fasciculus [83% (25/30)] has significant deviation compared with it in distant tumor tissues [47% (14/30), P < 0.05].</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In the PNI process of ACC, NGF plays important parts but not the only factor. It can increase the expression and activity of S100A4 but decrease E-cad expression through binding with its receptor. Thus, adhesion abilities of tumor cells was weakened and motional abilities was strengthen.</p>

Prognostic analysis of moderate tongue squamous cell carcinoma cases and the value of induction chemotherapy / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of induction chemotherapy on the patients with moderate tongue squamous cell carcinoma and to investigate the factors that influence prognosis of these patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty two patients with moderate tongue squamous cell carcinoma (stage II-III, T2-3 N0/T1-3N1), treated from Jan. 1990 to Dec. 1999 were retrospectively reviewed. Among them, 69 and 53 patients were received operation alone and operation after induction chemotherapy respectively [cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil + bleomycin-A5 (PBF), 17 cases; bleomycin-A5, 36 cases]. Survival rate was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis by the Cox proportional hazard model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean follow-time of all patients were (79.9 +/- 49.8) (x +/- s) months (range: 7 to 177 months), and 45 patients died (including 5 lost to follow up) , 66 of 77 patients alive followed more than 5 years. The overall 3-year and 5-year survival rate were 79.4% and 69. 0% respectively. The overall 3-year and 5-year free-disease survival rate were 71.7% and 66. 3% respectively. The survival rate of 3-year and 5-year was 82.5% and 73.1% respectively for the group of operation alone; 82.4% and 70.1% respectively for the group of operation after induction chemotherapy with PBF, 72.2% and 61.1% respectively for the group of operation after induction chemotherapy with bleomycin-A5; and there were no significant difference between the above three groups (chi2 = 0.42, P = 0.8106). The locoregional recurrence rate were 30.4%, 41.2% and 38.9% for the operation alone group, operation after PBF induction chemotherapy group and operation after bleomycin-A5 induction chemotherapy group respectively. No significant benefit on decreasing locoregional recurrence (chi2 = 1.148, P = 0.563) or distant metastasis rate (chi2 = 2.305, P = 0.316) were found by induction chemotherapy by univariate analysis. Using multivariate analysis, risk factor that independently influence survival was the recurrence.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Risk factors that independently influence survival of moderate tongue squamous cell carcinoma was the locoregional recurrence. No significant benefit on improving survival rate or decreasing locoregional recurrence or metastasis rate were found by induction chemotherapy, there was no difference between the two induction chemotherapy schemes on the survival rate or locoregional recurrence or metastasis rate of these patients.</p>

Ileum to the S-type of suture produced orthotopic neobladder-with a three cases report / 肿瘤研究与临床

objective To evaluate the clinical application value of ileum to the S-type of suture pro- duced orthotopic neobladder.Methods Radical cystectomy and ileal neobladder with"S"shape were per- formed in 3patients with transitional cell carcinoma.Ureter implant into neobladder with embedding nipple techniques,bottom of neobladder coincide with urethra stump.Results The average operative time to form a neobladder was 5 hours,average bleeding volume was 366 ml during operation,3 cases can control urine dur- ing daytime,nycturia 1-3 times every night.Neobladder has a large capacity,low pressure,and electrolytes of blood was normal.Conclusion The construction of an ileal neobladder using a smaller part of ileum that has been completely detubularized and fashioned by S shape is easy and agreeable to perform.This mode of oper- ation has low complication rates,achieves adequate capacity at low pressure,and provides satisfactory conti- nence rates.It is a fine scheme to treat invasion and multiple carcinoma of bladder.

Comparison of primary tongue carcinoma with second primary tongue carcinoma after radiotherapy for nasopharynx cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of second primary tumor of tongue (SPTr) after nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPCR) treated with radiotherapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 53 patients with SP7T after NPCR (group A) and 252 patients with primary tongue carcinoma (group B) were analyzed retrospectively with regard to clinical characteristics and survival rate (Kaplan-Meier); and multivariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference between group A and group B ( P > 0. 05) in the presenting age, sex, tumor size, cTNM stage, tumor differentiation and the rate of distant metastasis. The overall 5-year survival rates were 41.6% in group A and 56.3% in group B (chi2 = 4.40, P = 0.0359) with a statistically significant difference between two groups. The differences of tumor location (chi2 = 61.18, P = 0.000) and rate of clinical (cN+, chi2 = 6.846, P = 0.009) or pathological lymph node metastasis (pN+, X2 = 3.993, P = 0.046) were also statistically significant between group A and group B, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age at presence, cTNM stage and with or without neck lymph node dissection were independent risk factors affecting survival.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Second primary tongue carcinoma after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is likely to occur on the dorsal aspect of the tongue with worse prognosis but with a lower rate of lymph node metastasis than that of primary tongue carcinoma. However, radiotherapy history is not an independent influencing factor on prognosis. Surgical resection or combined modality therapy may give a better prognosis.</p>

Treatment and prognosis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the treatment model and the factors that influence survival of the patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of all patients with ATC in our hospital from May. 1970 to May. 2005 were analyzed retrospectively with regard to mortality and survival rate (Kaplan-Meier). Multivariate analysis was performed by the Cox proportional hazard model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifty cases together were analyzed. The overall 1-year, 3-year, 5-year survival rate were 39.4%, 29.6% and 20.7% respectively. The median survival time was 6 months. Univariate analysis showed the patients with their age < 55 years old, without distant metastasis, white blood cell count < 10.0 x 10(9)/L at presentation, without receiving chemotherapy, receiving radiotherapy with the dose no less than 40 Gy, receiving multiple modality therapy had a better prognosis. White blood cell count at presentation, the model of therapy were the risk factors independently influencing prognosis by multivariate analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>White blood cell count at presentation, receiving surgery and postoperative radiotherapy or not were the risk factors independently influencing prognosis. The prognosis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma was worse; the patients with ATC maybe get a better prognosis by receiving surgery and postoperative radiotherapy.</p>

Treatment and prognostic analysis of 92 cases with advanced mobile tongue squamous cell carcinoma / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the results of different treatment modalities for the advanced tongue squamous cell carcinoma and investigate the factors that influence its prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-two patients with advanced tongue squamous cell carcinoma without distant metastasis, treated in our hospital from Jan. 1990 to Dec. 1999 were retrospectively reviewed. Survival rate was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariate analysis was performed by the Cox Proportional hazard model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 52.40% and 37.23% respectively. There was a significant difference in the overall between the two groups survival rate (chemotherapy only and radiotherapy after induced chemotherapy) and the three groups (operation only, operation after induced chemotherapy, radiotherapy after operation) cTNM stage, operation for the primary lesion and local recurrence were the independent factors that influenced the prognosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Risk factors that independently influence the survival of patients with advanced tongue squamous cell carcinoma were the local recurrence, cTNM and receiving operation or not for the primary lesion. Operation only or comprehensive therapy including operation could give a better prognosis, but the results of chemotherapy only or radiotherapy after chemotherapy were poor.</p>

Second primary tumor of tongue after nasopharynx carcinoma radiotherapy: report of 53 cases / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical characteristics of second primary tumor of tongue after nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) radiotherapy and the prognostic factors of patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-three cases with second primary tumor of tongue after NPC radiotherapy, presenting to Cancer Centre, Sun Yat-sen University from Jan. 1st 1975 to Dec. 31st 2000 were analyzed retrospectively with regard to mortality and survival rate (Kaplan-Meier method); A multivariate analysis was performed in these patients with Cox proportional hazard model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forty of 53 patients died. Among them,37 died of second primary tumor of tongue, 2 of recurrence of NPC, 1 of perioperative period. The overall 5-year and 10-year survival rate of 51 patients receiving therapy were 41.64% and 35.69% respectively. The subsites of tumor were: tip 0, margin 26 (49.06%), ventral lateral 8 (15.09%) and dorsal aspect 19 (35.85%). Eighteen cases had recurrence of second primary tumor of tongue (33.96%) ; Six (11.32%) cases had clinical lymph node metastasis from second primary tumor of tongue and 3 (5.66%) had pathological lymph node metastasis; The univariate analysis showed the major prognostic factors influencing survival of these patients were tumor size, clinical TNM stage at presentation; Using multivariate analysis, risk factors that independently influence survival were clinical and pathological stage and the interval between two tumors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The clinical and pathological stage and the interval between two tumors are the prognostic factors for second primary tumor of tongue after NPC radiotherapy.</p>

Efficacy and safety of azosemide in patients with edema and ascites / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the efficacy and safety of azosemide in patients with edema and ascites.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A multicentral, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was applied. All 223 patients (cardiac edema 92, hepatogenic edema 63, renal edema 68) were randomized to azoesmide and furosemide group, and all patients were treated for 2 weeks. Patients with cardiac or renal edema took azosemide (30 mg/d) or furosemide (20 mg/d); patients with hepatogenic edema took azosemide (60 mg/d) or furosemide (40 mg/d). The dosage were adjusted to azosemide 60 mg/d (cardiac, renal edema), 90 mg (hepatogeic edema); or furosemide 40 mg/d (cardiac, renal edema), 60 mg (hepatogeic edema), if diuretic effects were not obtained at the end of third day.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the end of the study, the weight changes were (2.87+/-3.10) kg and (2.81 +/-2.84) kg; the total effective rate of edema lessen was 89.19% and 89.81%; the total effective rate of heart function improvement was 64.44% and 66.66%; the 24 h urine output increased (321.85 +/-669.52) ml and (273.80 +/-645.72) ml for azosemide and furosemide, respectively. The total effective rate of ascites lessen (tested by B-ultrasound) was 89.28% and 86.66%; abdominal girth decreased (5.20 +/-3.58) cm and (5.03 +/-3.74) cm for azosemide and furosemide, respectively. The adverse event rate was 23.01% in azosemide group and 21.01% in furosemide group; the main adverse effects were hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hypertriglyceridemia and thirsty.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Azosemide could effectively lessen edema, improve heart function and decrease ascitesûit is well tolerated and is particularly useful for the diuretic treatment.</p>

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma in young people / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the factors that influence survival of the patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma in young people and evaluate the efficiency of unilateral lobectomy plus isthmectomy with therapeutic cervical lymph node dissection and postoperative TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) suppressive therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and thirty-one patients under 30 years old with differentiated thyroid carcinoma treated in this hospital (14 cases no more than and 117 cases more than 16 years) from Jan. 1st, 1985 to Dec. 31st, 1997 were retrospectively reviewed. One hundred and twenty-eight patients were received only surgery and TSH suppressive therapy, and 3 patients received chemotherapy or radiotherapy because of the progressive metastasis in necks or mediastina. A multivariate analysis was performed in these patients by the Cox proportional hazard model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean follow-time (x +/- s) of all patients were (140.86 +/- 43.76) months, with range from 20 to 229 months; Ninety-eight patients followed more than 10 years. Ten patients died of thyroid cancer. The overall 10-year survival rate was 97.18%. The 10-year survival rate for patients < or = 16 years of age and > 16 years were 75.97% and 96.57% respectively (P = 0. 0006). The 10-year survival rate for women and men were 94.91% and 93.69% respectively (P = 0.5261). The 10-year survival rates of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and follicular thyroid carcinoma were 93.77% and 96. 55% respectively (P = 0.8137). For patients with tumor size of < or = 1 cm, 1-4 cm and >4 cm the survival rate was 100.0%, 96.40%, and 80.67% respectively (P = 0. 0589). The 10-year survival rates of patients with or without lymph node metastasis were 88.37% and 100. 0% respectively (P = 0.0313). For patients of with or without distant metastasis, The survival rate was 96.64% or 60.00% (P = 0.0000). The 10-year survival rates with or without recurrence were 86. 67% and 95.48% respectively (P = 0. 5681). Using multivariate analysis, risk factors that independently influence survival were distant metastasis, tumor size and age.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The distant metastasis, tumor size and age at diagnosis were the independent factors influencing survival significantly. The status of lymph node metastasis may have certain effect on the prognosis. Unilateral lobectomy plus isthmectomy with a therapeutic cervical lymph node dissection followed by postoperative TSH suppressive therapy is a favourable model to children and young adults with DTC without distant metastasis, but to the patients with distant metastasis, their prognosis of this therapy model is disappointing.</p>

Expression of maspin and kai1 and their clinicopathological significance in carcinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the roles of maspin and kai1 expression in tumorigenesis and progression of gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Maspin and kai1 expressions were detected in normal gastric mucosa (n = 182), gastric dysplasia (n = 69), and gastric cancer (n = 113) by immunohisto-chemistry. Their expressions were compared with clinicopathological parameters of tumors. Relationship between maspin and kai1 expression was also concerned in gastric cancer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rates of maspin expression were 79.8% (145/182), 75.4% (52/69), and 50.4% (57/113) in normal gastric mucosa, gastric dysplasia, and gastric cancer, while those of kai1 expression were 81.9% (149/182), 65.2% (49/69), and 58.4% (66/113) in corresponding tissues respectively. Gastric cancer less frequently expressed maspin than the normal gastric mucosa and gastric dysplasia (P < 0.05), while dysplasia and cancer showed less frequent expression of kai1 than normal mucosa (P < 0.05). Maspin expression showed negative association with invasive depth, metastasis, Lauren's and histological classifications (P < 0.05), but not with tumor size, Borrmann's classification, growth pattern or TNM staging (P > 0.05). Kai1 expression was negatively correlated with invasive depth, metastasis, growth pattern, Lauren's and histological classifications (P < 0.05), but not with tumor size, Borrmann's classification or TNM staging (P > 0.05). Maspin and kai1 were collaboratively expressed in gastric cancer (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Down-regulated expressions of maspin and kai1 play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. Abnormal expression of maspin and kai1 might have inhibitory effects on invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer and act as an effective and objective marker to indicate the pathobiological behaviors of gastric cancer.</p>