Research progress on the pathogenesis and eye structure of amblyopic patients / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Amblyopia is a common ophthalmic disease in the critical periodof children's visual development, and its pathogenesis is complicated. The traditional idea is that amblyopia does not cause obvious changes in the organic structure of the eyeball. However, with the deepening of research in recent years, researchers have found that amblyopia patients not only have different brain anatomy, but also have different eye structure from normal people, which provides a new way to explore the pathogenesis of amblyopia. This paper summarized the pathogenesis and ocular structural changes of amblyopia patients, and summarized the pathogenesis, choroidal thickness(CT), ocular vascular area and density, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFL), and ocular structural changes after occlusion therapy in amblyopia patients.

Effect of Taiji Quan on Sleep Quality of Patients with Chronic Insomnia Disorder / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the effect of Taiji Quan on the sleep quality of patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID) and its mechanism. Methods:From January, 2015 to December, 2017, 31 patients with CID were enrolled in the sleep disorder clinic. Before and 24 weeks after Taiji Quan exercise, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess their sleep quality, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, TNF-β, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNF-R)1 and sTNF-R2 were detected with protein chip, and the correlation between the total score of PSQI and the serum levels of TNF-α, TNF-β, sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 were analyzed after exercise. Results:After Taiji Quan exercise, the scores of PSQI factors (subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction) and the total score of PSQI decreased (t > 4.080, P < 0.05). The serum levels of TNF-α and TNF-β decreased (t > 13.580, P < 0.01), however, the serum levels of sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 significantly increased (t > 160.189, P < 0.001). The serum levels of TNF-α and TNF-β were positively correlated with the total score of PSQI (r > 0.638, P < 0.001), while the serum levels of sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 were negatively correlated with the total score of PSQI (r > 0.532, P<0.001). Conclusion:Taiji Quan exercise could help to improve the sleep quality of patients with CID. The mechanism may be related to the decrease of the serum levels of TNF-α and TNF-β, and the increase of the serum levels of sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2.

Clinical value of vacuum sealing drainage in the treatment of oral and maxillofacial space infection / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#This study aims to observe the efficacy of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) by continuous negative pressure drainage and saline irrigation in the treatment of oral and maxillofacial space infection.@*METHODS@#Retrospective analysis was conducted on 116 cases of maxillofacial space infection, and clinical data were collected to compare the therapeutic effects of routine incision with drainage treatment (traditional treatment group, 58 cases) and VSD treatment (VSD group, 58 cases).@*RESULTS@#The length of hospital stay, white blood cell count, scar length, frequency of dressing change, and pain degree of patients in the VSD group were all lower than those in the traditional treatment group. Moreover, the improvement degree of mouth opening in the VSD groups was better than that in the traditional treatment group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#VSD is a more effective method for the treatment of oral and maxillofacial space infection.

The Application of Annular Suture in the Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage Caused by Dangerous Placenta Previa / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To study the effect of pre-operative internal iliac artery capsule combined with the lower segment of the uterus with annular suture on the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage caused by dangerous placenta previa and the long-term effect of the operation. Methods from January 1, 2015 to March 31, 2017, the second people's Hospital of Yunnan province for Cesarean danger in placenta of patients using preset internal iliac artery balloon combined with lower uterine segment ring-shaped suture in the treatment of 22 cases of patients as research group, Lower uterine segment multiple is not used in loop suture for treatment, but has a preset internal iliac artery balloon 18 cases of dangerous patients with placenta previa, as retrospective analysis clinical data of the comparison group. Results Mean blood loss in 22 patients 1329.54±290 ml. Does not occur in all patients around organ damage and other complications. 1 examples of hysterectomy. 5.23 days postoperative average hospital stay. After 3 months of follow-up ultrasound, uterus shape well. In 18 patients in the control group average blood loss 1451.11 ±311 ml of blood loss were significantly higher in the study group, there was a statistically significant difference ( <0.05) . 2 examples of hysterectomy in the control group. Uterine reservations there was statistically significant ( <0.05) . Conclusion Combined preset internal iliac artery balloon uterus circular suturing for the dangerous result of placenta previa with placenta accreta intraoperative uterine bleeding for better effect.

Differentiation of Lymphoma Presenting as Retroperitoneal Mass and Retroperitoneal Fibrosis: Evaluation with Multidetector-row Computed Tomography / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) and lymphoma presenting as retroperitoneal mass may closely resemble each other and misdiagnosis may occur. This study investigated the differential imaging features of RPF and lymphoma which presented as a retroperitoneal soft tissue using multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 42 consecutive patients were included in this retrospective review, including 19 RPF patients (45.2%; including 13 males and 6 females; mean age: 56.7 ± 6.2 years) and 23 patients with lymphoma (54.8%; including 14 males and 9 females; mean age: 57.4 ± 12.3 years). An array of qualitative computed tomography (CT) features of lesions in 42 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed untreated RPF and lymphoma were retrospectively analyzed. The quantitative size of the lesion at the para-aortic region and attenuation in the precontrast, arterial, and portal phases were calculated in regions of interest and compared between the patients with newly diagnosed untreated RPF and with lymphoma. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the potential diagnostic value of each quantitative parameter. Inter-reader concordance was also calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mean ages between patients with RPF and lymphoma were not significantly different (56.7 ± 6.2 years vs. 57.4 ± 12.3 years P = 0.595). Compared to those in patients with lymphoma, homogeneous enhancement (65.2% vs. 94.7%, P = 0.027) and pelvic extension (52.2% vs. 89.5%, P = 0.017) were significantly more common while the involvement of additional nodes (78.3% vs. 5.3%, P < 0.001), suprarenal extension (60.9% vs. 15.8%, P = 0.004), and aortic displacement (43.5% vs. 5.3%, P = 0.006) were significantly less common in patients with RPF. Lesion size at the para-aorta was significantly greater in patients with lymphoma, compared with RPF patients (3.9 ± 1.2 cm vs. 1.8 ± 0.6 cm; P < 0.001). The attenuation values in three phases were not significantly different between patients with RPF and lymphoma. Inter-reader concordance for subjective features ranged from very good to excellent (range: 85.7-100.0%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study showed that MDCT can help differentiate between untreated RPF and lymphoma on the basis of qualitative CT features and lesion sizes. Differentiating RPF from lymphoma on the basis of attenuation values in the precontrast, arterial, and portal phases was difficult to accomplish.</p>

Evaluation of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer in Patients with Prostate-specific Antigen <20 ng/ml / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The European Society of Urogenital Radiology has built the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) for standardizing the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). This study evaluated the PI-RADS diagnosis method in patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) <20 ng/ml.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 133 patients with PSA <20 ng/ml were prospectively recruited. T2-weighted (T2WI) and diffusion-weighted (DWI) magnetic resonance images of the prostate were acquired before a 12-core transrectal prostate biopsy. Each patient's peripheral zone was divided into six regions on the images; each region corresponded to two of the 12 biopsy cores. T2WI, DWI, and T2WI + DWI scores were computed according to PI-RADS. The diagnostic accuracy of the PI-RADS score was evaluated using histopathology of prostate biopsies as the reference standard.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PCa was histologically diagnosed in 169 (21.2%) regions. Increased PI-RADS score correlated positively with increased cancer detection rate. The cancer detection rate for scores 1 to 5 was 2.8%, 15.0%, 34.6%, 52.6%, and 88.9%, respectively, using T2WI and 12.0%, 20.2%, 48.0%, 85.7%, and 93.3%, respectively, using DWI. For T2WI + DWI, the cancer detection rate was 1.5% (score 2), 13.5% (scores 3-4), 41.3% (scores 5-6), 75.9% (scores 7-8), and 92.3% (scores 9-10). The area under the curve for cancer detection was 0.700 (T2WI), 0.735 (DWI) and 0.749 (T2WI + DWI). The sensitivity and specificity were 53.8% and 89.2%, respectively, when using scores 5-6 as the cutoff value for T2WI + DWI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The PI-RADS score correlates with the PCa detection rate in patients with PSA <20 ng/ml. The summed score of T2WI + DWI has the highest accuracy in detection of PCa. However, the sensitivity should be further improved.</p>

Insulin-like growth factor 1 induces bone mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into cardiomyocyte-like cells / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the ability and mechanism of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) induced bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) differentiation into cardiomyocyte-like cells (CLCs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>BMSCs were isolated and purified in vitro. BMSCs were treated with control medium and 15 ng/ml IGF-1 for 3, 7, 14 and 21 d, respectively. The expression of Troponin-T (TNT), Troponin-I (TNI) and pIGF-1R were detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blot. In another experimental setting, BMSCs were treated with control medium and 15 ng/ml IGF-1, IGF-1 antagonist I-OMe AG538 (300 nmol/L) and 300 nmol/L I-OMe AG538 + 15 ng/ml IGF-1 for 3 to 48 h, respectively. Phosphorylation status of ERK1/2 and AKT, the two downstream mediators of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways, were detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 3 to 21 d exposure to IGF-1, the expression of pIGF-1R, TNT and TNI were significantly higher in IGF-1 group than those in control group, pIGF-1R peaked 14 d (all P < 0.05). After 3 and 6 h treatment, the ratio of pAKT/AKT (0.17 ± 0.03) and pERK1/2/ERK1/2 (0.06 ± 0.03) were significantly downregulated in I-OMe AG538 group compared to control group (1.00 ± 0.05) (all P < 0.05). The ratio of pAKT/AKT (1.00 ± 0.07) and pERK1/2/ERK1/2 (1.00 ± 0.09) were significantly upregulated in IGF-1 group compared to control group (0.72 ± 0.05) (all P < 0.05), but the ratio of pAKT/AKT (0.31 ± 0.10) and pERK1/2/ERK1/2 (0.39 ± 0.04) were significantly downregulated in I-OMe AG538 group compared to control group (0.63 ± 0.05) (all P < 0.05), the value of gray scale of TNT (195.06 ± 5.98) and TNI (198.32 ± 3.46) in I-OMe AG538 + IGF-1 group were significantly upregulated than that in IGF-1 group for TNT (188.70 ± 5.35) and TNI (176.10 ± 4.96) (all P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>IGF-1 could induce BMSCs differentiation into CLCs in vitro by activating MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways.</p>

Selective hydrolysis of flavonoid glycosides by Curvularia lunata / 中国天然药物

Twelve flavonoid glycosides were involved in the biotransformation of the glycosyl moieties by Curvularia lunata 3.4381, and the products were analyzed by UPLC/PDA-Q-TOF-MS(E). Curvularia lunata displayed hydrolyzing activities on the terminal Rha or Glc units of some flavonoid glycosides. Terminal Rha with a 1 → 2 linkage of isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside and typhaneoside could be hydrolyzed by Curvularia lunata, but terminal Rha with a 1 → 6 linkage of rutin, typhaneoside, and quercetin-3-O-apiosyl-(1 → 2)-[rhamnosyl-(1 → 6)]-glucoside could not be hydrolyzed. Curvularia lunata could also hydrolyze the Glc of icariin, floramanoside B, and naringin. This is the first report of the hydrolysis of glycosyl units of flavonoid glycosides by Curvularia lunata. A new way to convert naringin to naringenin was found in this research.

Polymorphisms of rs4906902 and rs8179184 loci in the promoter of the GABRB3 gene and their relevance with schizophrenia / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the polymorphisms of rs4906902 and rs8179184 loci in the promoter of the gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA) receptor A, beta3 subunit gene (GABRB3), and their relevance with schizophrenia.@*METHODS@#PCR and DNA sequencing were used to detect the polymorphisms of rs4906902 and rs8179184 loci in 210 healthy individuals (control group) and 206 schizophrenic patients (case group) of the Han population in northern China. The chi2 test was used to identify Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of the genotype distribution in the control group followed by comparing differences in genotype and haplotype frequency distributions between two groups.@*RESULTS@#Distributions of the genotype frequencies fit the law of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the control group. rs4906902 and rs8179184 loci were in linkage disequilibrium and showed two haplotypes which were T-G and C-A. The differences of genotypic frequencies and haplotype frequencies were statistically significant between the two groups (P < 0.05). The frequency of haplotype C-A in the case group was significantly higher than in the control group. Genotypic and haplotype frequencies in the maternal line and paternal line were statistically significant in the case group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The haplotype of C-A in rs4906902 and rs8179184 loci in the promoter of GABRB3 gene may be maternally inherited and positively associated with schizophrenia and may be a useful tool in the forensic identification of schizophrenia.

Relationship between genetic polymorphisms of 3 SNP loci in 5-HTT gene and paranoid schizophrenia / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the population genetic data of 3 SNP loci (rs25533, rs34388196 and rs1042173) of 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter (5-HTT) gene and the association with paranoid schizophrenia.@*METHODS@#Three SNP loci of 5-HTT gene were examined in 132 paranoid schizophrenia patients and 150 unrelated healthy individuals of Northern Chinese Han population by PCR-RFLP technique. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test was performed using the chi-square test and the data of haplotype frequency and population genetics parameters were statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among these three SNP loci, four haplotypes were obtained. There were no statistically significant differences between the patient group and the control group (P > 0.05). The DP values of the 3 SNP loci were 0.276, 0.502 and 0.502. The PIC of them were 0.151, 0.281 and 0.281. The PE of them were 0.014, 0.072 and 0.072.@*CONCLUSION@#The three SNP loci and four haplotypes of 5-HTT gene have no association with paranoid schizophrenia, while the polymorphism still have high potential application in forensic practice.

Assessment of segmental left ventricular systolic function with real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography in patients with hypertensive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy / 中华医学超声杂志（电子版）

Objective To evaluate left ventricular function in patients with hypertensive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HHC)using real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography(RT-3DE).Methods Thirty patients with HHC and 32 control subjects were studied.Full-volume RT-3DE data from apical window were acquired,and regional volumetric time curves of 17 segments were obtained by fast 3-dimensional border detection software.Several left ventricular function parameters were calculated semiautomatically,including global left ventricular end-diastolic volume(EDV),end-systolic volume(ESV),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),the ratio of ESV/EDV of 17 segments,the standard deviation(SD)and difference(Dif)(adjusted by the R-R interval) of time to minimum systolic volume(Tmsv)in 16 segments(Tmsv16-SD and Tmsv16-Dif).Results EDV and ESV were significantly larger in patients with HHC than that in control subjects[(88±29)ml vs (72±15) ml,t=-2.680,P=0.008;(28±10)ml vs (22±6 )ml,t=-2.613,P=0.01].HHC had a higher ratio of ESV/EDV at interventricular septum(IVS)compared with control group[mid-segments of anterior IVS:(40.51±20.28)% vs (26.43±10.10)%,t=-3.378,P=0.002;mid-segments of posterior IVS:(41.44±23.55)% vs (24.46±8.12)%,t=-3.688,P=0.001;apical segments of IVS:(30.96±21.31)% vs (19.53±7.33)%,t=-2.745,P=0.01].In patients with HHC,Tmsv16-SD and Tmsv16-Dif were significantly longer[(2.48±1.38)% vs (1.16±0.26)%,t=-5.117,P＜0.001;(7.67±5.07)% vs (3.95±1.48)%,t=-3.865,P＜0.001].And the prevalence of left ventricular dyssynchrony was higher than that in control subjects(43% vs 3%).Conclusions HHC patients may have regional left ventricular systolic dysfunction before global changes,and have a higher prevalence of left ventricular dyssynchrony.RT-3DE is a useful imaging modality for assessing left ventricular systolic function.

Relationship between cholecystokinin gene -45C/T polymorphism and schizophrenia and its application in forensic medicine / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the polymorphism of cholecystokinin (CCK) gene -45C/T of schizophrenia and its application in forensic medicine.@*METHODS@#Bidirectional allele specific PCR was used to detect CCK gene -45C/T polymorphisms in 207 schizophrenic patients (case group) and 202 healthy individuals (control group) of the Han population in northern China. The chi2 test was used to identify Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of the genotype distribution in control group. The differences of genotype and allele frequencies distributions were compared between two groups.@*RESULTS@#Distributions of the genotype frequencies satisfied the law of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in control group. The differences between genotypic frequencies and allele frequencies were not statistical significance in case group and control groups (P > 0.05). Gender-stratified analysis showed that frequency of allele T in female case group was statistically higher than that in female control group (P = 0.044).@*CONCLUSION@#CCK gene -45C/T locus T allele may be positively associated with schizophrenia in female population and useful in schizophrenia identification.

Clinical characteristics and etiological analysis of bullous retinal detachment / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical manifestations of bullous retinal detachment and analyze the etiological factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis of the clinical data was conducted in 22 patients with multifocal retinal pigment epitheliopathy (DRPE) and big bullous retinal detachment (BBRD), who were admitted between 2003 and 2008 in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center with the diagnoses established by ocular fundus examination, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and/or indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients included 15 men (68%) and 7 women (32%), with a mean age at the initial visit of 42 years, ranging from 25 to 64 years. Four patients (18%) received previously systemic corticosteroid therapy, and 2 of them used corticosteroids before retina detachment, 1 suffered progression of retinal detachment after corticosteroid therapy, and the other developed retinal detachment in the healthy eye during the therapy. Multifocal bullous retinal detachment was diagnosed as diffuse pigment epitheliopathy (DRPE) in 9 cases. Most of the 13 cases of big bullous retinal detachment had poor vision after operation and laser therapy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bullous retinal detachment occurs most frequently in mid-life and more often in men than women. Abnormal retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and hyperpermeability of the choroid vessels are associated with its occurrence. Systemic corticosteroid therapy and mental stress may induce and aggravate this disease. Early medication and laser therapy are effective, and surgical intervention may save only part of the vision in advanced cases.</p>

HIV and syphilis infections among men who have sex with men in Chongqing municipality,China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To examine tIle prevalence and predictors of HIV and syphilis infections among men who have sex with men(MSM)in Chongqing municipality.China.Methods Cross-sectional studies were conduced in three districts of Chongqing municipality from July to September,2006 and 2007,respectively.Questionnaire-based interviews were conducted to provide information on demographic characteristics,behaviors on sex and drug use,and HIV and sexually transmitted diseases(STD)related health services.Blood samples were tested for HIV and syphilis infections.Results Of 1773 panicipants.10.6%were HIV-positive and 8.4%were sero-positive for syphilis infection.Factors independently associated with HIV infection included older age(26-35 year:AOR=1.7,95%CI:1.1-2.6;＞35 years of age:AOR=2.3,95%CI:1.4-3.8),low level of education(AOR=2.3,95%CI:1.5-3.5),having had multiple male sex partners(AOR=1.8,95%CI:1.2-2.8),venues of recruitment from bathhouses/sauna (AOR=2.3,95%CI:1.1-4.7),with self-reported STD symptoms in the past 12 months(AOR=1.8,95%CI.1.2-2.7)and syphilis infeetion(AOR=1.7,95%CI:1.1-2.9).Conclusion The prevalence rates on both HIV and syphilis infections were considered to be high among MSM in Chongqing city.Unprotected anal sex and multiple sex partners were conqmon in this group.Education,condom promotion.combination of HIV and STD screening,and treatment to the diseases are essential to this population in Chongqing.However,MSM had not hitherto been perceived to be in the epidemic mainstream in this area.

Corticosteroid-induced severe glaucoma and posterior subcapsular cataract: a case report / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Corticosteroid-induced glaucoma (CIG) is a form of open angle glaucoma associated with both topical and systemic administration of corticosteroids. Here we described the clinical findings in a patient with severe glaucoma and posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) after topical administration of corticosteroid eye drops. We concluded corticosteroid eye drop was an effective medicine for inflammation of the eyes; however,prolonged use could cause severe vision loss as a result of intractable corticosteroid-induced glaucoma and cataract.

The role of psychological stress and the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis in the pathophysiology of central serous chorioretinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is characterized by serous detachment of the sensory retina as a consequence of the focal leakage of fluid from the choriocapillaries to subretinal space through a defect of the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE). The exact cause of CSC is not well unknown. Psychological stress is thought to contribute to CSC, but the physiologic mechanisms are unclear. It is hypothesized that psychological stress can induce CSC through the mechanism of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system. Psychological stress can adversely affect HPA axis and causes glucocorticoid levels to elevate. Increased glucocorticoids constrict choroid vessels, which leads to ischemia of choroids and damage vascular endothelial cells, thus causing vasopermeability to increase. RPE dysfunction will occur as a result of abnormalities in the choroidal circulation. The large molecules including protein may enter the subretinal space through the damaged vessels and RPE.

Polymorphic distribution of FUT2/01 in northern Han Chinese population / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the sequence features of FUT2/01 locus and its polymorphic distribution in Chinese population, and to discuss its application potential in forensic medicine.@*METHODS@#The alleles on FUT2/01 locus were amplified by PCR and then were sequenced. Furthermore, polymorphic distribution of the locus was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The genotypes were characterized with fluorescence labeling followed by automatic detection system.@*RESULTS@#The sequencing results only showed the length differences which were determined by the tandem repeats variance of the core sequence. There were 9 alleles and 28 genotypes identified from 162 individuals. The discrimination power and excluding probability of paternity were 0.9639 and 0.6266, respectively. In addition, the locus could be genotyped by automatic analysis very well.@*CONCLUSION@#The FUT2/01 locus exhibits high heterozygosity and individual identification power in Chinese Han population, and may be a valuable STR system for application in forensic medicine.

HIV infections and heterosexual behaviors among men who have sex with men in Chongqing municipality, China / 中华流行病学杂志

smission between HIV high risk group and general population. More attention need to be spocificalIy paid to prevent HIV transmit from HIV high risk group to general population.

Study on retrograde metastasis rule of middle-low rectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the resection range of mesorectum and rectum below the inferior margin of tumor for the total mesorectum excision (TME) in middle-low rectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients were enrolled in the study. After TME operation, serial 5 mm interval sections were made in specimens of middle-low rectal cancer. The retrograde metastasis of rectal cancer was observed by routine HE staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The phenomena of retrograde metastasis in mesorectum were found in 15 cases, and the distance of retrograde metastasis was 0.5-4.0(2.47+/-1.06) cm, which was correlated with Dukes stage, lymph node metastasis and histological differentiation. The retrograde metastases in bowel were found in 11 cases, and the distance of retrograde metastasis was 0.5-4.0 (1.64+/-1.16) cm, which was correlated with histological differentiation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The distal mesorectum should be resected at least 4 cm when TME is carried out, and the distal bowel at least 2.5 cm. More than 5 cm mesorectum and bowel should be resected when advanced Dukes stage, extensive lymph node metastasis and poor histological differentiation occurred.</p>

Distribution of tryptophan hydroxylase gene-T457C locus polymorphism in Han ethnic group in northern China / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the distribution of the tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) gene-T457C locus polymorphism in Han ethnic group in northern China and to find its applicable value in forensic science.@*METHODS@#Genomic DNA samples, extracted from 180 unrelated individuals in northern Chinese Han population, were analyzed by PCR-RFLP.@*RESULTS@#The discrimination power (DP) value and the power of exclusion (PE) value of the TPH gene-T457C locus were 0.624 and 0.187, respectively. The allele frequency showed significant difference from that of French people (P=0.04).@*CONCLUSION@#Polymorphism of the TPH gene-T457C locus could show ethnic and regional differences. It has a potential to be used in forensic science.