Rapid maxillary expansion in pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea: an umbrella review

Abstract Objective To compare polysomnographic parameters with others from the literature in order to provide more accurate information about Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) for treating Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in children, through raising the question: Is RME a good option for treating OSA in children? Prevention of mouth breathing during children's growth remains a challenge with significant clinical consequences. In addition, OSA induces anatomofunctional changes during the critical period of craniofacial growth and development. Methods The Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, SciELO and Scopus electronic databases were searched up to February 2021 for systematic reviews with meta-analysis in the English language. Among 40 studies on RME for treating OSA in children, we selected seven in which polysomnographic measurements of the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) had been made. Data were extracted and examined in order to clarify whether any consistent evidence exists for indicating RME as a treatment for OSA in children. Results We found no consistent evidence favoring RME for long-term treatment of OSA in children. All the studies presented considerable heterogeneity due to variability of age and length of follow-up. Conclusion Through this umbrella review, the need for methodologically better studies on RME is supported. Moreover, it can be considered that RME is not recommended for treating OSA in children. Further studies and more evidence identifying early signs of OSA are necessary in order to achieve consistent healthcare practice.

Sociodemographic inequalities in cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents from indigenous areas in Chiapas, Mexico / Desigualdades sociodemográficas como factores de riesgo cardiovascular para adolescentes de zonas indígenas de Chiapas, México / Desigualdades sociodemográficas como fatores de risco cardiovascular para adolescentes de áreas indígenas de Chiapas, México

Abstract: This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among different sociodemographic groups of adolescents from indigenous communities in Chiapas, Mexico. A cross-sectional prevalence study was performed in urban and rural communities in the Tzotzil-Tzeltal and Selva regions of Chiapas. A sample of 253 adolescents was studied, of whom 48% were girls and 52% were boys. A descriptive analysis of quantitative variables was performed using measures of central tendency and dispersion. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors stratified by sex, geographical area, years of schooling, and ethnicity of the mothers was estimated. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was analyzed in relation to the sociodemographic characteristics of the study population. Low HDL-c (51%) was the predominant cardiovascular risk factor. Girls had a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and borderline total cholesterol than boys. High diastolic blood pressure was more prevalent in boys. Adolescents from urban areas had a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity and insulin resistance than adolescents from rural areas. The prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity was higher in adolescents whose mothers had ≥ 7 years of schooling compared with adolescents with less educated mothers. Differences by maternal ethnicity also influenced the prevalence of insulin resistance. Among the main findings, this study associated sociodemographic and geographical inequalities with cardiovascular risk factors. Promoting a healthy lifestyle for this young population is absolutely necessary to prevent cardiovascular diseases in adulthood.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular entre diferentes grupos sociodemográficos de adolescentes de comunidades indígenas de Chiapas, México. Se realizó un estudio transversal de prevalencia en comunidades urbanas y rurales de las regiones Tzotzil-Tzeltal y Selva, en Chiapas. Participó una muestra de 253 adolescentes, en la cual el 48% eran niñas y el 52% niños. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables cuantitativas utilizando medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Se estimó la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, estratificados por sexo, área geográfica, nivel de estudios y etnia de las madres. Se analizó la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular con relación a las características sociodemográficas de la población estudiada. El HDL-c bajo (51%) fue el factor de riesgo cardiovascular predominante. Se observó una mayor prevalencia de obesidad abdominal, hipertrigliceridemia y colesterol total en las niñas que en los niños. La alta presión arterial diastólica prevaleció en los niños. Los adolescentes del área urbana tuvieron una mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad y resistencia a la insulina que los del área rural. La prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad y obesidad abdominal fue mayor en los adolescentes cuyas madres tenían nivel de estudios ≥ 7 años que aquellos cuyas madres tenían bajo nivel de estudios. Las diferencias en la etnicidad materna también influyeron en la prevalencia de resistencia a la insulina. Entre las principales conclusiones de este estudio, se destacan las desigualdades sociodemográficas y geográficas entre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular. La promoción de un estilo de vida saludable entre la población joven es lo indicado para prevenir las enfermedades cardiovasculares en la edad adulta.

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovascular entre diferentes grupos sociodemográficos de adolescentes de comunidades indígenas em Chiapas, México. Foi realizado um estudo transversal de prevalência em comunidades urbanas e rurais das regiões de Tzotzil-Tzeltal e Selva de Chiapas. Foi estudada uma amostra de 253 adolescentes, sendo 48% meninas e 52% meninos. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva das variáveis quantitativas por meio de medidas de tendência central e dispersão. Foram estimadas as prevalências de fatores de risco cardiovascular, estratificadas por sexo, área geográfica, escolaridade e etnia das mães. A prevalência dos fatores de risco cardiovascular foi analisada em relação às características sociodemográficas da população estudada. O HDL-c baixo (51%) foi o fator de risco cardiovascular predominante. Prevalências mais elevadas de obesidade abdominal, hipertrigliceridemia e colesterol total limítrofe foram mais observadas em meninas do que em meninos. A pressão arterial diastólica elevada prevaleceu nos meninos. Adolescentes da área urbana apresentaram prevalências de sobrepeso/obesidade e resistência à insulina maiores do que os da área rural. A prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade e obesidade abdominal foi maior nos adolescentes cujas mães possuíam escolaridade ≥ 7 anos do que naqueles indivíduos cujas mães tinham baixa escolaridade. As diferenças de etnia das mães também foram observadas na prevalência de resistência à insulina. Dentre as principais conclusões, foram encontradas, neste estudo, desigualdades sociodemográficas e geográficas entre fatores de risco cardiovascular. Promover estilos de vida saudáveis entre a população jovem é o ideal para prevenir doenças cardiovasculares na vida adulta.

Allergic rhinitis and sleep disorders in children - coexistence and reciprocal interactions

Abstract Objective To review, critically analyze and synthesize knowledge from the international literature regarding the association between allergic rhinitis (AR) and sleep disorders, the impact of AR treatment on children's sleep, and lay the foundation for future research on this topic. Source of data A literature search using PubMed database including original and review articles, systematic reviews and meta-analyses using keywords related to AR, sleep disorders and sleep-disordered breathing. Synthesis of data Sleep is fundamental to health, and its assessment and control of conditions that trigger or aggravate disturbances are of the uttermost importance. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is common in children and may interfere with both their quality of life and quality of sleep. It has emerged as one of the most important risk factors for habitual snoring in children and appeared to increase the risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), with AR severity exhibiting a significant and independent association with pediatric OSA severity. However, in some studies, those associations between AR and OSA in children are not very consistent. Conclusions A substantial level of controversy exists regarding the interactions between AR and OSA in children. Notwithstanding, identifying and treating AR in clinical settings is probably an important step toward improving symptoms and preventing deterioration of sleep quality in children and may improve the severity of underlying OSA. Considering the high prevalence, morbidity, economic and social implications of both AR and sleep problems, it is crucial that healthcare providers improve their understanding of the relationships between those conditions among children.

Síndrome de vena cava superior por trombosis de catéter venoso central / Superior vena cava syndrome for thrombosis the central venous catheter

El síndrome de vena cava superior es una entidad infrecuente. La etiología neoplásica es la de mayor prevalencia, también la relacionada a los procedimientos invasivos con catéter venosos centrales. Masculino, 32 años, consulta al servicio de emergencias por cianosis facial súbita, opresión en rostro, tos seca, odinofagia, disfonía, vértigos; no refiere disnea. Neoplasia de colón desde 2019, con colostomía y catéter Port subclavio izquierdo. Al examen: edema en esclavina, cianosis central, petequias múltiples, sangrado ungueal en manos. Angiotomografia muestra defecto de llenado por trombosis reciente en venas yugular interna y braquiocefálica izquierdas, braquiocefálica derecha, arco de la ácigos y cava superior en toda su luz. La tromboaspiración mecánica quirúrgica permitió la resección del trombo y restitución de la circulación, con relativa seguridad y baja mortalidad.

Superior vena cava syndrome is a rare entity. The neoplastic etiology is the most relevant, as well as that related to invasive procedures with central venous catheter. A 32-year-old man consults the Emergency Department for sudden facial cyanosis, facial tightness, dry cough, odynophagia, dysphonia and vertigo without dyspnea. He presents colon neoplasia since 2019, with colostomy and left subclavian Port-catheter. At examination, facial and upper extremity edema, central cyanosis, multiple petechiae and nail bleeding on the hands. The angiotomography shows filling defect fort recent thrombosis in left internal jugular and brachiocephalic vein, right brachiocephalic vein, arch of the azygos vein and superior vena cava in its entire lumen. The surgical mechanical thromboaspiration allowed resection of the thrombus and restitution of circulation, with relative safety and low mortality.

Blefaroplastia inferior transcutánea con fijación muscular orbicular externa en pacientes con deformidades del párpado inferior / Transcutaneous lower blepharoplasty with external orbicularis oculi muscle fixation in patients with lower eyelid deformities

Objetivo: Describir el resultado de la técnica de fijación muscular orbicular externa en la Blefaroplastia inferior. Método: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, prospectiva en pacientes que asistieron a la consulta de Cirugía Plástica del Hospital "Camilo Cienfuegos" entre enero 2018 a enero 2019, la muestra estuvo constituida por 43 pacientes. Para diagnosticarlos se utilizó la clasificación de Ginsbach, con criterios de exclusión el hábito de fumar. Se tuvo en cuenta variables como edad, sexo, deformidad palpebral inferior, complicaciones en el post operatorio a las 24 h y a los 30 días, y grado de satisfacción de los pacientes intervenidos. Se utilizaron métodos de revisión documental, observación, análisis y síntesis y empírico (encuesta), utilizadas para evaluar los resultados. La investigación se realizó siguiendo procedimientos éticos. Resultados: Mostraron que la mayor cantidad de pacientes estuvo en el grupo edad entre 46-50 años todos femeninos, el exceso de piel y las patas de gallina fueron las deformidades que predominaron. La complicación que se presentó fue el sangramiento posoperatorio resuelto en las primeras horas, 42 pacientes refirieron estar satisfechos. Conclusiones: La blefaroplastia es una técnica que se ha venido modificando junto a la necesidad de brindar procedimientos que ofrezcan seguridad y efectividad, en cuanto a la corrección de deformidades en el parpado inferior, con un adecuado tiempo de recuperación, resultados con menor riesgo de complicaciones(AU)

Objective: To describe the outcome of the external orbicularis oris muscle fixation technique in lower blepharoplasty. Methods: A descriptive, prospective research was conducted in patients who attended the Plastic Surgery consultation of the Hospital "Camilo Cienfuegos" from January 2018 to January 2019, the sample consisted of 43 patients. In order to diagnose them, the Ginsbach classification was used, with smoking as exclusion criteria. Variables such as age, gender, lower palpebral deformity, postoperative complications at 24 h and 30 days, and degree of satisfaction of the operated patients were taken into account. Documentary review, observation, analysis and synthesis and empirical (survey) methods were used to evaluate the results. The research was carried out following ethical procedures. Results: They showed that the greatest number of patients was in the age group between 46-50 years old, all of them female; excess skin and goose bumps were the predominant deformities. The complication that occurred was postoperative bleeding resolved in the first hours, 42 patients reported to be satisfied. Conclusions: Blepharoplasty is a technique that has been modified along with the need to provide procedures that offer safety and effectiveness, in terms of correction of deformities in the lower eyelid, with adequate recovery time, results with lower risk of complications(AU)

Encefalitis por rabia o encefalitis post-vacunal en mujer gestante con neonato prematuro sobreviviente

La rabia humana es una infección grave que requiere aplicación de suero antirrábico y vacuna, la cual puede producir encefalomielitis desmielinizante aguda (EDMA) post-vacunal. Se reporta una gestante de 27 años mordida por un perro en mano derecha. No recibió suero antirrábico pero sí 5 vacunas. Con última vacuna presentó adormecimiento de mano, malestar, fiebre, hidrofobia, alteración de conciencia. Se realizó cesárea e indujo al coma terapéutico. La biopsia de piel de nuca e inoculación en ratón fueron negativos mientras que la seroneutralización en ratón y detección de anticuerpos antirrábicos fueron positivos. En cordón umbilical, la seroneutralización en ratón fue positiva. La resonancia magnética evidenció lesiones compatibles con EDMA. Según algunos criterios, podría tratarse de rabia; sin embargo, el cuadro sería más compatible con EDMA.

Human rabies is a serious infection that requires application of rabies serum and vaccine, which can cause post-vaccination acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM). We report a 27-year-old pregnant woman who has been bitten by a dog on her right hand. She didn't receive rabies serum but she received 5 vaccinations. With last vaccination she presents hand numbness, malaise, fever, hydrophobia, altered consciousness. A cesarean section was performed and the patient was induced a therapeutic coma. Nape skin biopsy and inoculation in mice were negative, while seroneutralization in mice and detection of anti-rabies antibodies were positive. In umbilical cord, mouse seroneutralization was positive. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed lesions compatible with ADEM. By some criteria, it could be rabies; however, the chart would be more compatible with ADEM.

Sexualidad y características biológicas, psicoafectivas y sociales en mujeres climatéricas / Sexuality and biological, psycho-affective and social characteristics in climacterics women

Introducción: Se desconocen las características sexuales, biológicas y psicosociales de mujeres con menopausia fisiológica, en la consulta de climaterio y menopausia. Esta información resulta importante para realizar acciones de promoción de salud. Objetivo: Determinar las características sexuales, biológicas y psicosociales más frecuentes en mujeres climatéricas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal en 300 mujeres climatéricas, con menopausia fisiológica confirmada. Se recogió la edad (agrupada en 40-44, 45-49 y más de 49 años), el tiempo de menopausia (agrupada en menos de 3 años, 3-5 años, 6-10 años y más de 10 años), por cientopresencia de afecciones genitourinarias, síntomas físicos, psicosociales y sexuales. Resultados: Predominaron mujeres mayores de 49 años (56 por ciento) con 33,4 por ciento de 3 a 5 años de menopausia, 6,7 por ciento de atrofia genitourinaria, síntomas de sofocos 75 por ciento, dolores óseos, 70 por ciento, depresión-ansiedad y sequedad vaginal, 50 por ciento; 45 por ciento de insatisfacción sexual y dificultad en la toma de decisiones, 40 por ciento con dificultades en la comunicación con la pareja y desinterés, 38,6 por ciento tuvo disminución del deseo sexual, mientras que el 16 por ciento incrementó su apetencia sexual. Conclusiones: Las mujeres climatéricas estudiadas fueron mayores de 49 años, con menopausia entre 3 y 5 años, con bajo porcentaje de atrofia genitourinaria, con sofocos, dolores óseos, sequedad vaginal, depresión, ansiedad, dificultad en la comunicación de pareja y disminución del deseo sexual(AU)

Introduction: The sexual, biological and psychosocial characteristics of women with physiological menopause in the climacteric and menopause consultation are not known. This information is important to carry out health promotion actions. Objective: To determine the most frequent sexual, biological and psychosocial characteristics in climacteric women. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 300 climacteric women with confirmed physiological menopause. Age (grouped in 40-44, 45-49 and more than 49 years), time of menopause (grouped in less than 3 years, 3-5 years, 6-10 years and more than 10 years), presence of genitourinary affections, physical, psychosocial and sexual symptoms. Results: Women older than 49 years (56 percent o) predominated with 33.4 percent of 3 to 5 years of menopause, 6.7 percent of genitourinary atrophy, symptoms of hot flashes 75 percent o, bone pain, 70 percent o, depression-anxiety and dryness vaginal, 50 percent o; 45 percent o of sexual dissatisfaction and difficulty in making decisions, 40 percent o with difficulties in communication with the partner and disinterest, 38.6% had a decrease in sexual desire, while 16 percent o increased their sexual desire. Conclusions: The climacteric women studied were older than 49 years, with menopause between 3 and 5 years, with a low percentage of genitourinary atrophy, with hot flashes, bone pain, vaginal dryness, depression, anxiety, difficulty in partner communication and decreased desire sexual(AU)

Sistema de información Clínico-Hospitalario. Prototipo para indicaciones médicas de volumen y dieta / Hospital-clinical information system: prototype for volume and dietary indications

RESUMEN Introducción: las indicaciones médicas para la dieta del paciente es la terapéutica en la que los alimentos y sus nutrientes se emplean con fines curativos. Estas indicaciones las registra el médico a diario y manualmente, en los modelos oficiales en formato papel de las historias clínicas. Objetivo: desarrollar la arquitectura de información para el proceso de gestión de las Indicaciones Médicas de Volumen y Dieta en las Historias Clínicas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de investigación-desarrollo tecnológico con el empleo de métodos teóricos y empíricos para realizar un estudio acerca de la evolución y desarrollo del plan de tratamiento de los pacientes hospitalizados en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Docente "León Cuervo Rubio", de la provincia de Pinar del Río. Resultados: se construyó el prototipo de un sistema informatizado para la gestión de la información del registro de las indicaciones médicas de volumen y dieta a pacientes hospitalizados. El prototipo se elaboró de conjunto con el cliente, por lo que satisface sus necesidades y deseos. Conclusiones: se desarrolló la arquitectura de información para la gestión de las indicaciones médicas de volumen y dieta lo que permitirá a los programadores facilitar el análisis de las funcionalidades deseadas por los clientes e implementar una aplicación informática que reemplazará el registro de las indicaciones médicas de volumen y dieta de la historia clínica tradicional, simplificará el trabajo a los profesionales y ofrecerá una mejor atención al paciente.

ABSTRACT Introduction: a medical indication for patient's diet is the therapeutic where the food and nutrients are used with curative purposes. The medical indications are daily and manually recorded in the official models on paper format of the clinical histories. Objective: to develop the architecture of information for the management process of volume and dietary indications in the clinical histories. Methods: a research-technological development study was conducted using theoretical and empirical methods to study the evolution and development of the treatment plan of hospitalized patients at Leon Cuervo Rubio Clinical-surgical-teaching Hospital from Pinar del Rio province. Results: the prototype of a computerized system was built for the management of the information records for the medical indications of volume and diet to hospitalized patients. The prototype was created as a whole with the clients, this way satisfying their needs and desires. Conclusions: the architecture of information for the management of the medical indications concerning volume and diet will allow to the programmers to facilitate the analysis of the desired functionalities for the clients, and implement a computerized application which will replace the register of the medical indications for the volume and diet of the traditional written clinical history, simplifying the working tasks to the healthcare professionals and offering a better care to the patient.

Propuesta de acciones de extensión universitaria dirigidas a gestantes vulnerables en Pinar del Río / Proposal of university extension actions aimed at vulnerable pregnant women in Pinar del Río

RESUMEN Introducción: la extensión universitaria es una de las funciones/misiones de la educación superior actual. Objetivo: diseñar un sistema de acciones de Extensión Universitaria dirigidas a la atención integral de las gestantes internadas en el hogar materno Justo Legón Padilla. Métodos: se realizó una investigación cualitativa en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río, para elaborar una propuesta de acciones extensionistas dirigidas a la atención integral de las gestantes internadas en el hogar materno Justo Legón Padilla durante el 2018. Resultados: se constató que la extensión universitaria en la provincia de Pinar del Río no ha sido estudiada de forma específica para las gestantes de riesgo o vulnerables, por lo que se diseñaron acciones de promoción de salud para este grupo en una estructura de 17 actividades. Se vinculó un buen control del riesgo reproductivo preconcepcional con acciones de extensión universitaria. Conclusiones: se elaboró un sistema de acciones de Extensión Universitaria dirigidas a la atención integral de las gestantes internadas en el hogar materno Justo Legón Padilla, que permitió estimular el perfeccionamiento de los modos de actuación de los profesionales de la salud y una mejor calidad de vida del binomio madre-hijo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: university extension is one of the functions/missions of higher education today. Objective: to design a system of actions for University Extension intended for the comprehensive care of pregnant women admitted Justo Legon Padilla maternal-care home. Methods: a qualitative research was carried out at Pinar del Rio University of Medical Sciences to design a proposal of actions for university extension directed to the comprehensive care of pregnant women admitted Justo Legon Padilla maternal-care home during 2018. Results: it was verified university extension activities in Pinar del Río province has not considered a specific approach for pregnant women at risk or vulnerable, as a result health promotion actions were designed for this group in a structure of 17 activities, linking a good control of pre-conception reproductive risk for actions of university extension. Conclusions: a system of university extension activities was developed to provide comprehensive care for pregnant women admitted Justo Legon Padilla maternal-care home. This system made possible to encourage the development of the modes of action for healthcare professionals and a better quality of life for the mother and the child.

The effect of biofeedback on pain and sleep in a patient with temporomandibular disorder. Case report / Efeito do biofeedback na dor e no sono de paciente com disfunção temporomandibular. Relato de caso

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Literature has shown that behavioral and educational modalities are effective options in the treatment of chronic pain, including temporomandibular disorder, and techniques such as biofeedback have been used for single therapy or in combination for effective pain control in these individuals. Furthermore, the severity of symptoms is related to relevant prognostic factors, such as quality of life, emotional states and sleep quality. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the biofeedback audiovisual technique on pain control and sleep quality in a patient with temporomandibular disorder. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 34 years old, with Temporomandibular Disorder. The DC/TMD (Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders) Axis I, diagnostic was applied, and the patient was classified with more than one subtype of temporomandibular disorders: local myalgia and myofascial pain with reference, in addition to neck pain as a comorbidity. CONCLUSION: In this case, the biofeedback treatment was effective both in reducing pain intensity and improving sleep quality.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A literatura tem demonstrado que as modalidades comportamentais e educacionais são opções efetivas no tratamento da dor crônica, inclusive da disfunção temporomandibular, e técnicas como o biofeedback vêm sendo utilizadas como terapia isolada ou em combinação para um controle efetivo da dor nesses indivíduos. Além disso, a gravidade dos sintomas tem correlação com fatores de relevância para o prognóstico, como a qualidade de vida, estados emocionais e qualidade do sono. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da técnica do biofeedback audiovisual no controle da dor e na qualidade do sono em paciente com disfunção temporomandibular muscular. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 34 anos, com disfunção temporomandibular. O critério diagnóstico DC/TMD (Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders) Eixo I foi aplicado, sendo a paciente classificada com mais de um subtipo de disfunção temporomandibular: mialgia local e dor miofascial com referência, além de cervicalgia como comorbidade. CONCLUSÃO: No caso clínico apresentado a terapia com biofeedback foi efetiva na redução da intensidade da dor e melhoria da qualidade do sono.

Atención integral a gestantes vulnerables en hogar materno provincial de Pinar del Río / Comprehensive care to vulnerable pregnant women in a provincial Maternity Waiting Home in Pinar del Río

RESUMEN Introducción: las embarazadas comparten una experiencia común de gran valor simbólico y social, poseen características que las singularizan, deben ser tenidas en cuenta por las políticas sociales y, en particular las políticas de salud con alcance intersectorial. Objetivo: caracterizar la atención integral a gestantes internadas en el hogar materno Justo Legón Padilla de Pinar del Río. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo con las gestantes ingresadas en el hogar materno Justo Legón Padilla de Pinar del Río durante el 2018. El universo de estudio quedó constituido por las gestantes ingresadas (U=2 536), la muestra por criterio de autoridad y conveniencia, por las residentes en el municipio Pinar del Río (n=2 128). Resultados: el 90,5 % de las gestantes tenían entre 20 y 34 años, predominaron las de nivel educacional preuniversitario (52,7 %) y las casadas con 50 %. Tuvieron mayor representación las primigestas (50,1 %) y las vinculadas laboralmente (49,7 %). Según valoración nutricional primaron las normopeso con 50,1 % y el tabaquismo fue el hábito tóxico más frecuente para 8,9 %. Los principales motivos de ingreso fueron: riesgo de prematuridad 25,9 %, embarazo en la adolescencia 9,3 % y anemia 5,4 %. Conclusiones: las gestantes internadas en el hogar materno provincial de Pinar del Río se caracterizaron por poseer nivel educacional pre universitario, estado civil, casadas; primigestas y vinculadas laboralmente. Predominaron las normopeso y el tabaquismo como hábito tóxico de mayor frecuencia. El riesgo de prematuridad, embarazo en adolescentes y la anemia, fueron los principales motivos de ingreso.

ABSTRACT Introduction: pregnant women share a common experience of great value which are both symbolic and social, having characteristics that make them unique, and must be taken into account by the social policies as well, in particular, healthcare policies with an intersectoral scope. Objective: to characterize the comprehensive care given to pregnant women admitted to Justo Legon Padilla Maternity Waiting Home (MWH) in Pinar del Río. Methods: a descriptive observational study was conducted with pregnant women admitted to Justo Legon Padilla MWH in Pinar del Río during 2018. The target group studied comprised pregnant women admitted (U=2,536), the sample was taken by authority and convenience criteria, that included those living in Pinar del Rio municipality (n=2,128). Results: 90,5 % of pregnant women were between 20 and 34 years old, with a predominance of those with pre-university educational level (52,7 %) and those who were married (50 %). Primigravid women (50,1 %) and those who were working (49,7 %) were more significantly represented. According to the nutritional assessment, normal weight (50,1 %) prevailed and smoking habit was the most frequent (8,9 %). The main reasons for admission were: risk of prematurity (25,9 %), adolescent pregnancy 9,3 % and anemia 5,4 %. Conclusions: pregnant women admitted to the provincial maternity waiting home in Pinar del Río were characterized by having pre-university educational level, most of them were married and workers. Normal weight and smoking habit prevailed. The risk of prematurity, adolescent pregnancy and anemia were the main reasons for admission.

A singular oral appliance to treat obstructive sleep apnea in CPAP non-adherent patients

ABSTRACT Introduction: The most prescribed treatment option for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is CPAP; however, its adherence is limited. Oral Appliance therapy (OAT) is frequently an option or even an adjuvant, being the mandibular advancement Oral Appliance (OAm) the most used prescription. It modifies the upper airway, improving the airway patency. OAm construction is based on the occlusal plane to disocclusion. In this study, the DIORS® appliance was used, a singular OAm, based on Neuro-Occlusal Rehabilitation concepts, that uses Camper's plane as a disocclusion reference, in order to achieve neuromuscular balance and functional stability. Objective: This study primarily aimed to assess the DIORS® effectiveness in relation to clinical and polysomnographic outcomes. It was also evaluated if the use of DIORS® is as effective as titrated CPAP to treat CPAP non-adherent patients. Methods: Twenty patients were included in this study. Objective and subjective clinical data were assessed at a sleep laboratory using all-night polysomnography, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), taken at three moments: Baseline, CPAP titration, and using DIORS®. Analysis of respiratory parameters as apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), oxyhemoglobin saturation levels, the arousal index and daytime sleepiness were taken as criteria for a successful OAT. Results: Respiratory and arousal parameters improved in both therapies, while DIORS® promoted a better ESS. Conclusion: Results from the present work support that DIORS® is a viable and effective adjuvant therapy for patients with moderate to severe OSA non-adherent to CPAP.

RESUMO Introdução: A opção mais indicada para tratamento da apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) é o CPAP; contudo, a aderência é limitada. A Terapia com Aparelho Oral (TAO) é, frequentemente, uma opção, ou mesmo um adjuvante. A prescrição mais utilizada é o Aparelho Oral de avanço mandibular (AOm). O AOm modifica a via aérea superior, melhorando a patência do espaço aéreo. A construção do AOm se baseia no plano de oclusão para desoclusão. No presente estudo, usamos o DIORS®, um AOm diferente, baseado nos conceitos da Reabilitação Neuro-Oclusal (RNO), que utiliza o Plano de Camper como referência da desoclusão para alcançar o equilíbrio neuromuscular e estabilidade funcional. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal abordar a eficácia do DIORS®, considerando-se os resultados clínicos e polissonográficos. Adicionalmente, foi avaliado, também, se o uso desse AOm é tão eficaz quanto a titulação do CPAP para tratar pacientes com AOS não aderentes ao CPAP. Métodos: Vinte pacientes foram incluídos neste estudo. Dados clínicos objetivos e subjetivos foram avaliados em um laboratório de sono usando polissonografia de noite inteira e a Escala de Sonolência de Epworth (ESE) observando-se três momentos: inicial, titulação do CPAP e usando o DIORS®. Os critérios de sucesso da TAO foram assumidos pela análise dos parâmetros respiratórios como Índice de Apneia e Hipopneia (IAH) e níveis de saturação de oxi-hemoglobina, o índice de despertar e a sonolência diurna. Resultados: Em ambas as terapias, os parâmetros respiratórios e de despertares melhoraram. Adicionalmente, uma melhora na ESE foi alcançada com o DIORS®. Conclusão: Os resultados do presente trabalho apoiam que o DIORS® é uma terapia adjuvante viável e bastante eficaz para pacientes com AOS moderada a grave não aderentes ao CPAP.

Pain perception and quality of life in burning mouth syndrome / Percepção da dor e qualidade de vida na síndrome da boca ardente

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Burning mouth syndrome is a dysfunctional state affecting physical, mental and social welfare, often contributing to chronic stress conditions. Despite the lack of objective data, patients experience pain-related discomfort with impact in their daily life. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of burning mouth syndrome on pain perception and quality of life. METHODS: A cross-sectional, observational, case-controlled study was performed on 76 individuals (38 in each group). The groups were sex- and age-matched. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire was used to assess any changes in the quality of life. The visual analog scale was used to assess pain impact and intensity, as well as the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). The effect of sex and other risk factors associated with burning mouth syndrome were also associated. RESULTS: The age of participants was 41 to 85 years. The patients had a negative impact on quality of life with respect to all dimensions of OHIP-14 and PCS domains. Burning mouth syndrome patients complained about moderate (58%) or intense (42%) pain, while the control group participants experienced only mild pain by visual analog scale. The prevalence was predominant in females (a ratio of 3:1), and the most site involved was the tongue. Menopause, hormonal changes, and gastritis were identified as major risk factors. CONCLUSION: Burning mouth syndrome patients had significantly higher PCS and OHIP-14 scores for all domains, indicating an interaction between a higher burden of pain perception and worse quality of life which should therefore be adequately assessed, characterized and managed.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A síndrome de ardência bucal é um estado disfuncional que afeta o bem-estar físico, mental e social, contribuindo para condições de estresse crônico. Apesar da ausência de dados objetivos, os pacientes experimentam desconforto relacionado à dor com impacto na vida diária. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto da síndrome da boca ardente na percepção da dor e na qualidade de vida. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, observacional e caso-controle em 76 indivíduos, 38 em cada grupo, pareados por gênero e idade. Foram utilizados o questionário Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) para avaliar mudanças na qualidade de vida, a escala analógica visual para o impacto e intensidade da dor e a Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Foi avaliado também o efeito do sexo, idade e outros fatores de risco associados à síndrome de ardência bucal. RESULTADOS: A idade dos participantes foi de 41 a 85 anos. A síndrome de ardência bucal teve um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida em todas as dimensões dos domínios OHIP-14 e PCS. Cinquenta e oito por cento dos pacientes se queixaram de dor moderada e 42% de dor intensa, enquanto os controles experimentaram apenas dor leve pela escala analógica visual. A prevalência foi predominante no sexo feminino (3:1), e a língua foi o local envolvido mais comum. Menopausa, alterações hormonais e gastrite foram os maiores fatores de risco. CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes com síndrome de ardência bucal apresentaram escores PCS e OHIP-14 mais altos para todos os domínios, indicando uma interação entre maior carga de percepção da dor e pior qualidade de vida, o que deve ser mais bem avaliado, caracterizado e gerenciado.

Síndrome hipereosinofílico con eritrodermia / Hypereosinophilic syndrome with erythrodermia

Varón de 77 años de edad, con antecedentes de insuficiencia cardiaca y fibrilación auricular recibiendo warfarina, hipotiroidismo, diabetes mellitus e hiperuricemia, con historia de un año de lesiones dérmicas eritematosas y descamativas en el tronco, pruriginosas y con moderada eosinofilia recurrente. Después de descartarse causas alérgicas, parasitarias, autoinmunes y neoplásicas, se hizo el diagnóstico de síndrome hipereosinofílico idiopático. Recibió tratamiento con prednisona e hidroxiurea, consiguiéndose una remisión completa de la eosinofilia y mejoría progresiva de las lesiones dérmicas. (AU)

A 77-year-old male, with a history of heart failure and atrial fibrillation receiving warfarin, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus and hyperuricaemia, with a one-year history of erythematous and desquamative skin lesions in the trunk, pruritic and moderate recurrent eosinophilia. After allergic, parasitic, autoimmune and neoplastic causes were ruled out, the diagnosis of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome was done. He was treated with prednisone and hydroxyurea, resulting in complete remission of eosinophilia and progressive improvement of dermal lesions. (AU)

L-arginine-induced esophagitis, report of six cases / Reporte de seis casos de esofagitis inducida por L-arginina

Abstract Background: Drug-induced esophagitis is an uncommon diagnosis in the pediatric population. The following is a report of six adolescents with L-arginine-induced esophagitis. Case reports: All patients were under treatment with L-arginine for short stature. After using the prescribed medication for 1-3 months, all cases started with severe retrosternal pain, odynophagia, and dysphagia. The upper gastrointestinal endoscopies showed ulcers located in the mid esophageal mucosa. Conclusions: In the presence of acute severe odynophagia, dysphagia, and retrosternal pain, drug-induced esophagitis should be considered as a possible diagnosis. Treatment includes liquid diet, pain control, sucralfate, omeprazole, and interruption of L-arginine. In addition, the physician should explain preventive measures focused on patient and family education on the drug side effects and precise instructions on how to take medications, as well as a careful balance of risk and benefits of any medication. At present, there are no clinical trials that support the use of L-arginine in treatment of short stature.

Resumen Introducción: La esofagitis inducida por medicamentos es un diagnóstico poco frecuente en pacientes pediátricos. A continuación, se describe una serie de seis casos de pacientes menores de 15 años con esofagitis inducida por L-arginina. Casos clínicos: Los seis casos se encontraban en tratamiento con L-arginina por talla baja e iniciaron con dolor retroesternal, odinofagia y disfagia de rápida instalación. Cuatro de ellos acudieron al servicio de urgencias por la intensidad de los síntomas. Los hallazgos en la endoscopia del tubo digestivo alto fueron úlceras en la mucosa del esófago a la altura del tercio medio, zona de estrechez natural por la compresión del bronquio izquierdo. Conclusiones: En presencia de odinofagia, disfagia, dolor retroesternal y el antecedente de la ingesta de L-arginina, la esofagitis inducida por fármacos debe considerarse como una posibilidad diagnóstica. El tratamiento está basado en el manejo del dolor, sucralfato, omeprazol, así como la suspensión del medicamento y medidas preventivas centradas en la educación del paciente y los familiares sobre los riesgos y beneficios de un medicamento y la forma correcta de administrarlo.

Fibriohistiocitoma en fosa infratemporal derecha. Reporte de un caso / Right infratemporal fossa Fibriohistiocytoma. Case Report

RESUMEN Fundamento: El fibriohistiocitoma benigno es infrecuente que se presente en la adolescencia y menos con la ubicación topográfica inusual en fosa infratemporal derecha. Objetivo: Ilustrar la presentación de un fibriohistiocitoma benigno en fosa infratemporal derecha en un paciente masculino de 17 años de edad. Presentación de caso: Se reportó un caso en un paciente masculino de 17 años de edad, con un fibriohistiocitoma que tiene un comportamiento biológico benigno y se localiza en fosa infratemporal derecha; bajo el músculo temporal, en el servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial de Sancti Spíritus. Conclusiones: El fibrohistiocitoma puede aparecer en cualquier parte del cuerpo es poco frecuente en cabeza y cuello, menos aún en fosa infratemporal, como se reportó en este caso.

ABSTRACT Background: Benign fibriohistiocytoma is uncommon to occur in adolescence and less with the unusual topographic location in the right infratemporal fossa. Objective: To illustrate the presentation of a benign fibriohistiocytoma in the right infratemporal fossa in a 17-year-old male patient. Case presentation: A case was reported in a 17-year-old male patient, with a fibriohistiocytoma that has a benign biological behavior and is located in the right infratemporal fossa; under the temporal muscle, in the Maxillofacial Surgery service of Sancti Spíritus. Conclusions: Fibrohistiocytoma can appear in any part of the body, it is rare in the head and neck, even less in the infratemporal fossa, as reported in this case.