Piezol involved in electrical remodeling in atrial myocytes induced by high hydrostatic pressure through Src kinase / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the role of mechano- sensitive ion channel Piezol in regulating electrical re-modeling of atrial myocytes induced by hypertension and to further explore the potential mechanisms.Methods Spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHR ) aged 30 - 32 weeks treated with or without valsartan (30 mg • kg 1 • d 1 ) were used.Wistar rats were used as control.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of Piezol , Src and Cavl.2 in atrial appendages of rats and in atrial myocytes ( HL-1 cells) exposed to different levels of high hydrostatic pressure (20 and 40 mmHg) , Piezol inhibitor (GsmTx4) and agonist ( Yodal ) in vitro.Whole-cell patch clamp technique was employed to detect L-tvpe calcium current (ICa, ) and action potential duration ( APD) of atrial myocytes.Results Compared with Wistar rats in control group, the protein expressions of Piezol and Src significantly increased and the expression of Cavl.2 decreased in SHR group (P < 0.05 ), while the a- bove changes could he reversed in SHR treated with valsartan( P < 0.05 ) .Meanwhile, higher hydrostatic pressure (40 mniHg) could increase the expressions of Piezol and Src in HL-1 cells( P <0.05) and decrease the protein expression of Cavl.2 (P <0.05 ) , accompanied by a shortened APD and a decreased ICa,.GsmTx4 could significantly reverse the above changes.In addition, Piezol agonist Yodal could simulate electrical remodeling and related signal molecule changes in atrial myocytes induced by the high hydrostatic pressure.Conclusions Mechanosensitive ion channel Piezol participates in electrical remodeling induced by hypertension via activating Src kinase signaling pathway and then leading to the decrease of ICa ,.

In vivo and in vitro inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry quantification of minerals and heavy metals in Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill and their effect on intestinal flora / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Cerebral ischemia or ischemic stroke is due to insufficient blood supply to the brain, which causes hypoxia or ischemia in some areas. This work aimed to quantify the minerals and heavy metals in Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in vivo and in vitro, analyze its effect on the types and abundance of intestinal flora, and study its mechanism on inflammation and apoptosis pathways as a treatment for cerebral ischemia. METHODS Microwave digestion and induc?tively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used to determine the minerals and heavy metals in 10 batches of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in vitro. With the use of the middle cerebral artery obstruction (MCAO) model, ICP-MS was applied to determine the content of minerals and heavy metals in hepatic portal vein blood, abdominal aortic blood, brain, liver, kidney, hair, urine and feces at different time periods. On this model, the ileum, cecum, and colon tissues were tested for intestinal pathology, and 16S rRNA was used for sequencing. Species taxonomy, α diversity, and spe?cies microbial composition and structure analysis were also performed. Polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were employed to determine the mRNA and protein expression of p38 MAPK, caspase-3, IL-1β and TNF-α in the isch?emic brain tissues of rats. RESULTS The average content of heavy metals in the 10 batches of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill samples is in the descending order Hg>Cu>Pb. Significant differences in the metal elements are found among Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill from different manufacturers but not among the different batches of the same manufacturer. An extremely low content of heavy metals are absorbed into the blood or accumulated in the brain, liver, kidney, and other tissues. Stool is the main excretion route of minerals and heavy metals from Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill. This medicine helps repair the intestinal mucosa in MCAO rats. At the phylum level, it can regulate the abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the intestinal flora of rats with cerebral ischemia. At the genus level, it can adjust the abundance of Escherichia Shigella. At the species level, it can adjust the abundance of Lactobacillus yoelii and Lactobacillus reuteri. Cluster classification results show that Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill can improve the intestinal flora of rats with cerebral ischemia, reduce the mRNA and protein expression of caspase-3 and IL-1βin rat brain tissues, and have a tendency to decrease the mRNA expres?sion of p38 MAPK and TNF-α. CONCLUSION Quantifying the minerals and heavy metals in Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in vivo and in vitro will help improve their quality standards. Minerals and heavy metals are mainly excreted in feces, accumu?late in extremely low levels in various tissues, and do not damage the intestinal mucosa. The effective material basis of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in treating cerebral ischemia may be related to their Li, Cr, and Cd elements. These pills can improve the environment of intestinal flora, and their mechanism of treatment for cerebral ischemia may be related to the down-regulation of IL-1βinflammatory factor and inhibition of cell apoptosis.

Sacubitril/valsartan reduces susceptibility of atrial fibrillation by reversing structural remodeling of atrial in spontaneously hypertensive rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the effects of sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val, LCZ696) on atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation (AF) susceptibility in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods Twenty-four 7-week-old male SHR were randomly divided into SHR group, SHR + Val group (30 mg · kg

Role of p300 in susceptibility of atrial Hbrillation in aged mice / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the role of cotranscriptional activator p300 in regulating the electrical remodeling of atrial myocytes in aging mouse, which resulted in atrial fibrillation. Methods The left atrial appendage tissues of 5 , 13 and 18monthold C57BL/6 mice were collected respectively. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of p300, L type calcium channel (Cavl. 2) and aging related protein p53/p21. Acute enzymatic hydrolysis was used to isolate single atrial myocytes, and the wholecell patchclamp technique was used to detect the Ltype calcium current (I

Involvement of Src kinase in the down-regulation of ultra-rapid delayed rectifier K(+)current induced by tumor necrosis factor-α in cardiomyocytes / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate whether inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is involved in the electrical remodeling of cardiomyocytes by regulating ultra-rapid delayed rectifier K(+) current (I(kur)) and the role of Src kinase. Methods: H9c2 cells, embryonic cardiomyocytes of rat, were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and atrium-derived HL-1 cells were cultured in Claycomb medium. Both H9c2 and HL-1 cells were cultured at 37 ℃ with 5% CO(2). Cells cultured in normal conditions without additional treatment served as control group. Experimental groups were treated with different concentration of TNF-α (25 or 50 or 100 ng/ml) for 24 hours. To study whether Src specific inhibitor PP1 could abrogate the effect of TNF-α, cells were pre-treated with 10 μmol/L PP1 for 1 hour, followed by TNF-α (100 ng/ml) for 24 hours. Western blot and the whole cell patch clamp technique were used to detect the protein expression of Kv1.5 and Src and I(kur) in each group. Results: (1) In H9c2 cells, high concentration of TNF-α treatment (100 ng/ml) significantly reduced the Kv1.5 protein expression compared with control group and TNF-α 25 ng/ml group (both P<0.05). Compared with control group, the expression of p-Src protein was higher in 25 ng/ml, 50 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml TNF-α group (all P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference in the expression of Src protein among groups (P>0.05). In addition, the current density of I(kur) was decreased in 50 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml TNF-α group (both P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression of Kv1.5 protein and the current density of I(kur) were increased in PP1+TNF-α group compared with TNF-α 100 ng/ml group (both P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the expression of Kv1.5 protein and the current density of I(kur) between the control group and PP1+TNF-α group (both P>0.05). (2) In atrium-derived HL-1 cells, the expression of Kv1.5 protein was reduced in 100 ng/ml TNF-α group compared with control group and TNF-α 25 ng/ml group (both P<0.01). In addition, the expression of p-Src protein was increased in TNF-α 100 ng/ml group compared with control group (P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference in the protein expression of Src among groups (P>0.05). The expression of Kv1.5 protein was increased in PP1+TNF-α group compared with TNF-α 100 ng/ml group (P<0.05). Conclusion: TNF-α is involved in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation, probably via decreasing I(kur) current density in atrium-derived myocytes through the activation of Src kinase.

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes bone and cartilage regeneration / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a non-thermal and non-invasive mechanical stimulation, which has achieved certain curative efficacy on bone and cartilage defects. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the effects and mechanisms of LIPUS in bone and cartilage regeneration process, and to review the related cellular signals and tissue regeneration mechanism involved in the current achievement of basic research and clinical application, thus providing theoretical basis for clinics. METHODS: The first author retrieved Cochrane Library, PubMed, CBM, CNKI and WanFang databases using compute for the articles addressing LIPUS promoting bone and cartilage regeneration published from January 1990 to February 2017. The keywords were "LIPUS, calcium, integrin, nitric, oxide, prostaglandin, BMP" in English and Chinese, respectively. The articles published in authoritative magazines or recently published were preferred, and finally 80 articles were selected for result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The basic research concerning LIPUS involves cellular mechanics and tissue engineering. Especially with the support of molecular biology, there has been a major breakthrough in promoting bone and cartilage regeneration. LIPUS can stimulate cells and tissues to produce mechanical signals by mechanical wave, lead to changes in cytokines in the signaling pathways, further accelerate blood supply and metabolism, and finally promote the regeneration of bone and cartilage. Therefore, LIPUS is an effective treatment method.

Intrasplenic co-transplantation of fetal hepatic progenitor cells and transforming growth factor beta 1 induced hepatic stellate cells ameliorates acute liver injury / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Difficulty in long-time survival and continuous proliferation is the main problem for transplanted fetal hepatic progenitor cells and co-transplantation with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced hepatic stellate cells may be a promising way to solve this scientific obstacle. OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effects of co-transplantation of fetal hepatic progenitor cells and TGF-β1-induced hepatic stellate cells on acute liver injury in mice. METHODS: Over-expression vector pHBLV-CMVIE-TGF-β1 was infected to mouse hepatic stellate cells and transfection efficiency was detected by immunocytochemistory, western blot and qRT-PCR. Hepatic progenitor cells, mHPCs-E14.5, were cultured and identified by immunofluorescence in vitro.The mouse model of acute liver injury was established by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4in combination with 2/3 partial hepatectomy, followed by mHPCs-E14.5transplantation, co-transplantation of mHPCs-E14.5and mHSCs-pHBLV-CMVIE-TGF-β1 (experimental co-transplantation group) or co-transplantation of mHPCs-E14.5and mHSCs-pHBLV-CMVIE-GFP (control co-transplantation group) for cell transplantation assay. Confocal immunofluorescence staining against CK19, ALB, a-SMA was performed to analyze the engraftment and differentiation of transplanted cells in the splenic parenchyma 14 days post-transplantation; serum alanine transferase and aspartate transferase levels were monitored using an automatic biochemistry analyzer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) A hepatic stellate cell line that over-expressing TGF-β1 was successfully established and expression levels of TGF-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin were efficiently up-regulated in the over-expression group (P < 0.01). (2) mHPCs-E14.5expressed massive AFP and low levels of ALB and CK19,confirming that this cell line was in complete conformity with fetal hepatic progenitor cells in vitro.(3)CK19 and ALB positive cells existed in the splenic parenchyma in mHPCs-E14.5transplantation group.Highly expressed ALB but less expressed α-SMA and CK19 were observed in the control co-transplantation group, while massive CK19 and a-SMA positive cells as well as less level of ALB positive cells existed in the experimental co-transplantation group. Serum alanine transferase and aspartate transferase levels were decreased remarkably after cell transplantation, and moreover, the decrease was more obvious in the experimental co-transplantation group (P < 0.05). Overall, transplanted fetal hepatic progenitor cells engraft and differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes in the splenic parechyma successfully in vivo.Importantly,hepatic stellate cells induced by TGF-β1 promote the differentiation of fetal hepatic progenitor cells into cholangiocytes and accelerate recovery from CCl4/partial hepatectomy induced acute liver injury.

Effect of acetabular defect on hip stress in adults: three-dimensional finite element analysis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Acetabular defect is one of the typical characteristics of adult developmental dysplasia of the hip. The acetabular defect caused an insufficient coverage to the femoral head, which means the contact area between them decreased and the pressure increased. Stress concentration could quicken hip wear and lead to arthritis or dislocation of the hip. Till now, there is no accepted objective criterion about what degree defect could lead to biomechanics changes in the hip. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of different degrees of acetabular defect on the stress distribution of hip joint by using three-dimensional finite element method, and provide theoretical guidance for clinical treatment of hip dysplasia. METHODS: CT thin layer scanning data of normal adult hip were selected. Hip dysplasia models with varying degrees of bone defect were built by using Mimics15.0 and Hypermesh software. Von Mises stress distribution on the subchondral bone of the hip was analyzed by using Ansys10.0 software in the case of single foot touchdown. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Each model result was consistent with the actual situation. The maximum Von Mises stress value appeared at the top of the acetabulum dome and medial posterior femoral neck. When simulating one leg standing, the smaller the CE angle, the greater the maximum Von Mises stress on femoral head was; and acetabulum increased from 2.768 MPa and 3.029 MPa with 30° CE angle to 11.075 MPa and 15.322 MPa with 5° CE angle. This change was more obvious when CE angle was less than 15°. These findings confirmed that acetabular defect increases the peak stress of the hip joint, and the greater the defect, the greater the stress was. It is suggested that clinical intervention should be done as early as possible in patients with acetabular defect.

Statistics and analysis of detection data for radioactivity performance of DR / 中国医学装备

Objective: To analyze and research detection data of radioactivity performance of digital radiography (DR) equipment so as to provide reference for purchasing DR equipment in hospital. Methods: Through collected the analysis results of detection data of quality control of 153 DR equipment of third level 1st class hospital, third level 2nd class hospital and county level hospital of Yunnan province. The comparison analysis about these DR equipments depended on the hospital type, nationality of equipment and duration of service. Results: There were 50 DR equipment and 103 DR equipments in the third level 1st class hospital and the third level 2nd class hospital, respectively. And in the third level 1st class hospital, there was 79.17% of DR equipments was imported equipment, while it was 51.45% in the third level 2nd class hospital. Besides, the duration of service of the most of DR equipments was 0-4yeras in the third level 2nd class hospital, while it was 5-7 years in the third level 1st class hospital. Conclusion: Most of the DR equipments in the third level 1st hospitals are imported equipment, and their duration of service were longer. On the other hand, in the comparison between imported equipment and domestic equipment, there are a certainly gap in quality stability, reliability and other aspects.

Assessment of Complications after Liver Surgery: Two Novel Grading Systems Applied to Patients Undergoing Hepatectomy / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Although quality assessment is gaining increasing attention,there is still no consensus on how to define and grade postoperative complications.The absence of a defimition and a widely accepted ranking system to classify surgical complications has hampered proper interpretation of the surgical outcome.This study aimed to define and search the simple and reproducible classification of complications following hepatectomy based on two therapy-oriented severity grading system:Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications and Accordion severity grading of postoperative complications.Two classifications were tested in a cohort of 2008 patients who underwent elective liver surgery at our institution between January 1986 and December 2005.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to link respective complications with perioperative parameters,length of hospital stay and the quality of life.A total of 1716 (85.46％) patients did not develop any complication,while 292 (14.54％)patients had at least one complication.According to Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications system,grade Ⅰ complications occurred in 150 patients (7.47％),grade Ⅱ in 47 patients (2.34％),grade Ⅲa in 59 patients (2.94％),grade Ⅲb in 13 patients (0.65％),grade Ⅳa in 7 patients (0.35％),grade Ⅳb in 1 patient (0.05％),and grade Ⅴ in 15 patients (0.75％).According to Accordion severity grading of postoperative complications system,mild complications occurred in 160 patients (7.97％),moderate complications in 48 patients (2.39％),severe complications (invasive procedure/no general anesthesia) in 48 patients (2.39％),severe complications (invasive procedure under general anesthesia or single organ system failure) in 20 patients (1.00％),severe complications (organ system failure and invasive procedure under general anesthesia or multisystem organ failure) in 1 patient (0.05％),and mortality was 0.75％ (n=15).Complication severity of Clavien-Dindo system and Accordion system were all correlated with the length of hospital stay,the number of hepatic segments resected,the blood transfusion and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (HADS-A).The Clavien-Dindo classification system and Accordion classification system are the simple ways of reporting all complications following the liver surgery.

Liver-adipose tissue crosstalk: A key player in the pathogenesis of glucolipid metabolic disease / 中国结合医学杂志

Glucolipid metabolic disease (GLMD), a complex of interrelated disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism, has become one of the leading chronic diseases causing public and clinical problem worldwide. As the metabolism of lipid and glucose is a highly coordinated process under both physiological and diseased conditions, the impairment in the signals corresponding to the metabolism of either lipid or glucose represents the common mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of GLMD. The liver and adipose tissue are the major metabolic organs responsible for energy utilization and storage, respectively. This review article aims to summarize the current advances in the investigation of the functional roles and the underling mechanisms of the interplay between the liver and adipose tissue in the modulation of GLMD development. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and adiponectin represent the two major hormones secreted from the liver and adipose tissues, respectively. FGF21 exerts pleiotropic effects on regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis majorly through inducing the expression and secretion of adiponectin. Therefore, FGF21-adiponectin axis functions as the key mediator for the crosstalk between the liver and adipose tissue to exert the beneficial effects on the maintenance of the homeostasis of energy consumption. The liver- and adipose tissue-derived factors with pleiotropic effects on regulating of lipid and glucose metabolism function as the key mediator for the crosstalk between these two highly active metabolic organs, thereby coordinating the initiation and development of GLMD.

Prevalence of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Chinese Adults: A Cross-sectional Survey / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The prevalence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is unknown in China. We aimed to determine the prevalence of DDH in Chinese adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this study, we performed a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of Chinese adults. All participants underwent questionnaire investigation, physical examination, and X-ray examination. Factors associated with DDH were analyzed with logistic regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We invited 29,180 individuals aged 18 years and over to participate, randomly selected from 18 primary sampling units (street districts in urban areas and townships in rural areas). The survey and examination were completed in 25,767 people (10,296 men and 15,471 women). DDH was diagnosed in 391 people, yielding an overall DDH prevalence of 1.52%. Based on this information, we estimate the number of individuals with DDH in China to be approximately 16.05 million. DDH prevalence increased with age (odds ratio = 1.53 [1.03-2.27], P = 0.036), was significantly higher among women than men (2.07% vs. 0.75%, P< 0.001), and was higher among rural residents than urban residents (1.75% vs. 1.29%, P< 0.001). Economic development was independently associated with the presence of DDH. There was no evidence of an association between body mass index alone, education, or current smoking or drinking and risk of DDH (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DDH has become an important public health problem. Special attention should be paid to residents with DDH. Screening for DDH should be performed in China.</p>

Uncontacted tire explosion causing trauma to bilateral lower extremities: A case report / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

It is uncommon for tire explosion related injuries on the lower extremity. The bilateral lower extremities were injured by tire explosion when the patient was seated in a bus. She sustained an open fracture with partial bone loss in the right calcaneus (a comminuted fracture in the right ankle joint) and a closed comminuted fracture in the left tibia and fibula. This damage was caused by uncontacted tire explosion, thanks to a thick floor between the exploded tire and the patient's feet. This type of injury on lower extremity caused by uncontacted tire explosion was uncommon.

Impact of operative and peri-operative factors on the long-term prognosis of primary liver cancer patients undergoing hepatectomy / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study examined the impact of the operative and peri-operative factors on the long-term prognosis of patients with primary liver cancer undergoing hepatectomy. A total of 222 patients with primary liver cancer who underwent hepatectomy were followed up from January 1986 to December 2010 at Chinese PLA General Hospital. The post-operative complication rate was 14.0% for all cases, 13.7% for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 10.0% for cholangiocarcinoma. The 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year overall survival rates in patients with primary liver cancer after resection were 76.6%, 57.6%, 41.4%, and 21.0%. The survival rates were significantly higher in the HCC group than in the cholangiocarcinoma group (P=0.000), in the non-anatomical resection group than in the anatomical resection group (P=0.005), in the female group than in the male group (P=0.002), in patients receiving no blood transfusion than in those who were given intra-operative blood transfusion (P=0.000), in patients whose intra-operative blood loss was less than 400 mL than in those who intra-operatively lost more than 400 mL (P=0.000). No significant difference was found in the survival rate between the HBsAg-positive group and the HBsAg-negative group (P=0.532). Our study showed that anatomical resection, blood loss and blood transfusion were predictors of poor survival after hepatectomy for primary liver cancer patients, and concomitant hepatitis B virus infection bore no relation with the post-resection survival.

The differentiation of human multipotent adult progenitor cells into hepatocyte-like cells induced by coculture with human hepatocyte line L02

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to establish an in vitro method to purify human multipotent adult progenitor cells (hMAPCs) and assess their possible differentiation into hepatocytes by coculture with human hepatocyte line L02. METHODS: hMAPCs were isolated by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) depletion selection using CD45 and GlyA microbeads. After indirect or direct coculture of hMAPCs and human hepatocyte line L02, the expression of albumin (ALB), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), cytokeratin (CK) 18, and CK19 by hMAPCs was detected by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: With the MACS method, (5-10) x 10(4)/mL hMAPCs could be separated from 1 x 10(6)/mL bone marrow mononuclear cells. The purity of CD45-/GlyA- cells separated from bone marrow adherent cells was more than 98%, as determined by flow cytometry. In the coculture without cell-to-cell contact, hMAPCs expressed high AFP on day 1, and then tapered daily to low expression on day 7; ALB expression reached its peak on day 5, and remained high on day 7; CK18 was initially expressed on day 5 and was higher on day 7; CK19 was negative in all assays. In the coculture with cell-to-cell contact, ALB and CK18 were expressed by most cells while AFP appeared in only a few on day 5. CONCLUSION: hMAPCs were induced to differentiate into mature hepatocyte-like cells by coculture with a hepatocyte cell line, either with or without cell-to-cell contact, but the former seemed more effective.

Prevalence of Nontraumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head and its Associated Risk Factors in the Chinese Population: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH) is a debilitating disease that represents a significant financial burden for both individuals and healthcare systems. Despite its significance, however, its prevalence in the Chinese general population remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of NONFH and its associated risk factors in the Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A nationally representative survey of 30,030 respondents was undertaken from June 2012 to August 2013. All participants underwent a questionnaire investigation, physical examination of hip, and bilateral hip joint X-ray and/or magnetic resonance imaging examination. Blood samples were taken after overnight fasting to test serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. We then used multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the associations between various metabolic, demographic, and lifestyle-related variables and NONFH.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NONFH was diagnosed in 218 subjects (0.725%) and the estimated NONFH cases were 8.12 million among Chinese people aged 15 years and over. The prevalence of NONFH was significantly higher in males than in females (1.02% vs. 0.51%, χ2 = 24.997, P < 0.001). Among NONFH patients, North residents were subjected to higher prevalence of NONFH than that of South residents (0.85% vs. 0.61%, χ 2 = 5.847, P = 0.016). Our multivariate regression analysis showed that high blood levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and non-HDL-cholesterol, male, urban residence, family history of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, heavy smoking, alcohol abuse and glucocorticoid intake, overweight, and obesity were all significantly associated with an increased risk of NONFH.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our findings highlight that NONFH is a significant public health challenge in China and underscore the need for policy measures on the national level. Furthermore, NONFH shares a number of risk factors with atherosclerosis.</p>

Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Peri-strut Low-intensity Area Detected by Optical Coherence Tomography / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Peri-strut low-intensity area (PLIA) is a typical image pattern of neointima detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) after stent implantation. However, few studies evaluated the predictors and prognosis of the PLIA; therefore, we aimed to explore the genesis and prognosis of PLIA detected by OCT in this study.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients presenting neointimal hyperplasia documented by OCT reexamination after percutaneous coronary intervention were prospectively included from 2009 to 2011. Peri-strut intensity was analyzed and classified into two patterns: Low-intensity and high-intensity. Clinical characteristics were analyzed to assess their contribution to peri-strut intensity patterns. Follow-up were performed in patients who did not receive revascularization during OCT reexamination, and the prognosis of the patients was evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 128 patients underwent OCT reexamination after stent implantation included in the study. PLIA was detected in 22 (17.2%) patients. The incidence of PLIA was positively correlated with serum triglyceride (odds ratio [OR]: 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-3.90, P = 0.017), low-density lipoprotein (OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.22-5.66, P = 0.015), history of cerebrovascular disease (OR: 101.11, 95% CI: 6.54-1562.13, P < 0.001), and initial clinical presentation of acute coronary syndrome (ACS, OR: 18.77, 95% CI: 2.73-128.83, P = 0.003) while negatively correlated with stent implantation time (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.33-0.98, P = 0.043). The median follow-up was longer than 3.8 years. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) occurred in 7 (7.3%) patients while showed no correlation with PLIA. A total of 17 (17.7%) patients experienced unstable angina (UA) and showed significant correlation with PLIA (hazard ratio: 6.16, 95% CI: 1.25-30.33, P = 0.025).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PLIA detected by OCT was positively correlated with higher serum lipid level, history of cerebrovascular disease and initial presentation of ACS, and negatively correlated with stent implantation time. Patients with PLIA were more likely to have UA than those with high-intensity while no significant difference was found in MACEs.</p>

Changes of Acin1 expression in congenital cataract mouse during retinal development / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

?AlM: To observe the expression of Acin1 ( apoptotic chromatin condensation inducer 1 ) in congenital cataract mouse retina during development and investigate the differences of retinal apoptosis and the connection of lens and retina development between congenital cataract mouse and normal mouse. ?METHODS: There were congenital cataract mice ( 10 female and 5 male) and normal C57BL/6 mice (10 female and 5 male) . One male and two female mice were fed in the same cage randomly. The young mice were divided into two groups: congenital cataract group and normal control group. Five young mice were treated each group on 1, 5, 9, 14, 17, 21, 26, 60d. The left eyes were fixed with 4% neutral formalin to detect AClN1 protein by immunohistochemistry and retinas from right eyes were used to detect the mRNA expression of Acin1. ?RESULTS: Acin1 had sustained expression in each group. AClN1 protein gradually expressed from the ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer to the outer nuclear layer following retinal development. lt mainly expressed on ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer, but not neuroblastoma layer. AClN1 protein positive cells on P1 ~ P14d increased in normal control group, P17d reduced, after P21d positive cells of each layers decreased. The overall trend was similar in congenital cataract group with normal control group, P1 ~ P14d positive cells count was lower than normal control group, P17-P21d positive cells were flat and higher than the normal control group. Compared with the same day of the two groups, the differences except for P17, P26, P60d were significant (P ?CONCLUSlON: Acin1 exist differential expression of time and space in mouse retina during development, congenital cataract crystal developmental disorder may affect the expression of Acin1 and retinal cell apoptosis and development.

Effect of Jiangang Yishen Recipe on high insulin induced cell proliferation of human glomerular mesangial cells and the expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Jiangtang Yishen Recipe (JTYSR) on high insulin induced cell proliferation of human glomerular mesangial cells (HMCs) and the expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3K).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HMCs were divided into 4 groups, i.e., the negative control group, the high insulin model group, the JTYSR group, and the LY294002 group. The concentration of insulin, JTYSR, and LY294002 was respectively confirmed by pre-experiment. Different culture solution was respectively added for different groups. RPMI1640 culture solution was added for HMCs in the negative control group, while HMCs in the rest 3 groups were cultured by 100 nmol/L insulin for 24 h. Meanwhile, HMCs from the JTYSR group and the LY294002 group were exposed to 125 mg/L JTYSR and 80 micromol/L LY294002 respectively for further 48 h. The proliferation of HMCs was detected by MTT and flow cytometry. The protein expression of IRS-1 and PI-3K in HMC was detected by immunohistochemical assay and Western blot. Results The proliferation of HMCs induced by high insulin could be significantly lowered, and the protein expression of IRS-1 and PI-3K could be down-regulated in the JTYSR group and the LY294002 group (P <0.01). Compared with the LY294002 group, the protein expression of IRS-1 and PI-3K could be slightly down-regulated in the JTYSR group (P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>JTYSR could lower high insulin induced proliferation of HMCs, and its mechanism might be related to insulin signaling pathway.</p>

Comparison between effects of hydro coil embolic system and ordinary coil on large- and medium-sized intracranial aneurysms

To explore the treatment effects of HydroCoil Embolic System [HES] on large- and med sized intracranial aneurysms. Fifty cases of intracranial aneurysm patients were retrospectively analyzed, in which 27 an cases were treated with HES [n=27] and ordinary coils [n=23], respectively. All the patients were followed up for two years. The 27 cases [54%, 27/50] treated with HES include 23 cases of densely packed occlusion [23/50] and 4 cases of subtotal occlusion [8%, 4/50]. The 23 cases [46%, 23/50] treated with ordinary include 15 cases of densely packed occlusion [30%, 15/50] and 8 cases of subtotal occlusion [16%, 8/5. HydroCoil Embolic System [HES] may increase the ratio of densely packed occlusion prevent the recurrence of large- and medium-sized intracranial aneurysms