Radiofrequency ablation of ventricular arrhythmias from the pulmonary sinus cusp in pediatric patients and the follow-up / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To evaluate the strategy and safety of the radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) originating from the pulmonary sinus cusp (PSC) in pediatric patients.Methods:Retrospective study.Fifteen patients with VAs originating from the PSC who were intervened by RFA in the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital between March 2014 to July 2020 were enrolled.All the patients met the indication criteria for RFA in pediatric patients.The electrocardiogram, ablation method of ablation were analyzed.Different curved catheters were selected for RFA according to the age and weight of the patients.The catheter was then inserted in a " U" or inverted " P" shape to the PSC.The long-term effect of ablation were reviewed.Results:The mean age and body weight of 15 patients with VAs originating from the PSC were (11.6±2.6) (6-15) years and (39.9±12.2) (19-65) kg, respectively.The electrocardiogram recorded during VAs originating from the PSC showed left bundle branch block and inferior axis with monomorphic R pattern, as well as a QS-wave in aVR and aVL.The electrocardiogram characteristics varied in patients with VAs originating from the PSC.The ideal excitation point was not found in the right ventricular outflow tract or the ablation was unsuccessful in all patients, and the earliest target was mapped and RFA was successful.Among the 15 patients, the successful ablation site was in the lower regions of the PSC, involving the right cusp in 11 patients(73.3%), the anterior cusp in 3 patients(20.0%), and the left cusp in 1 patient(6.7%). The earliest potential recorded at the PSC ablation site preceded the QRS complex onset by (27.3±6.0) ms.During the follow-up period for (2.7±2.0) years, no recurrence of VAs or complications were recorded.Conclusions:Under the premise of gentle catheterization procedure and appropriate radiofrequency energy, ablation was effective, safe and with low recurrence rate to eradicate VAs originating from the PSC in children.

Progress in diagnosis and treatment of heart failure in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the heart losing the function of effective blood-pumping and venous return, which will cause a series of symptoms, and its clinical manifestations vary with the age of children.The main causes of heart failure in children are congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathy.Drug therapy for heart failure in children has gained rapid progression recently with Sacubitril/valsartan being a typical one, which was approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in October 2019 for its effective use in symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction in children aged 1 year and above, marking that the drug therapy for heart failure in children stands at a new starting point.Implantable cardioverter defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization therapy are applicable to some patients with indications.Mechanical circulatory support is essential in the treatment of patients with cardiopulmonary failure, including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and ventricular assist device, which is used as an important transition of short-term circulatory assisted transplantation.Pediatric heart transplantation is a treatment option for end-stage heart failure.

Progress in diagnosis and treatment of heart failure in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the heart losing the function of effective blood-pumping and venous return,which will cause a series of symptoms,and its clinical manifestations vary with the age of children.The main causes of heart failure in children are congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathy.Drug therapy for heart failure in children has gained rapid progression recently with Sacubitril/valsartan being a typical one,which was approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in October 2019 for its effective use in symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction in children aged 1 year and above,marking that the drug therapy for heart failure in children stands at a new starting point.Implantable cardioverter defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization therapy are applicable to some patients with indications.Mechanical circulatory support is essential in the treatment of patients with cardiopulmonary failure,including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and ventricular assist device,which is used as an important transition of short-term circulatory assisted transplantation.Pediatric heart transplantation is a treatment option for end-stage heart failure.

Immediate Therapeutic Outcomes and Medium-term Follow-up of Percutaneous Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty in Infants with Pulmonary Valve Stenosis: A Single-center Retrospective Study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (PBPV) is the preferred therapy for pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS). This study retrospectively reviewed recent PBPV outcomes in infants with PVS. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors associated with immediate therapeutic outcomes and restenosis during medium-term follow-up.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study included 158 infants with PVS who underwent PBPV from January 2009 to July 2015. Demographic characteristics and patient records were reviewed, including detailed hospitalization parameters, hemodynamic data before and immediately after balloon dilation, cineangiograms, and echocardiograms before PBPV and at each follow-up. All procedures were performed by more than two experienced operators.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Immediately after balloon dilation, the pressure gradient across the pulmonary valve decreased from 73.09 ± 21.89 mmHg (range: 43-151 mmHg) to 24.49 ± 17.00 mmHg (range: 3-92 mmHg; P < 0.001) and the right ventricular systolic pressure decreased from 95.34 ± 23.44 mmHg (range: 60-174 mmHg) to 52.07 ± 18.89 mmHg (range: 22-134 mmHg; P < 0.001). Residual transvalvular pressure gradients of 67.31 ± 15.19 mmHg (range: 50-92 mmHg) were found in 8.2% of patients, indicating poor therapeutic effects; 6.4% of patients had variable-staged restenosis at follow-up and 3.8% underwent reintervention by balloon dilation or surgical repairs. Further analysis demonstrated that the balloon/annulus ratio showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) among groups with different therapeutic effects and between the restenosis and no-stenosis groups. Binary logistic regression analysis further revealed that higher balloon/annulus ratio (odds ratio: 0.005, 95% confidence interval: 0-0.39) was an independent protective factor for restenosis. The rate of severe complications was 1.9%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PBPV is a definitive therapy for infants with PVS based on its effectiveness, feasibility, and safety. Restenosis upon medium-term follow-up is relatively rare.</p>

Formulation optimization of iodoform paste for root canal filling of deciduous teeth / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the formulation of iodoform paste for root canal filling of deciduous teeth. METHODS: Using multi-indicators comprehensive scoring method, which takes the delicate degree, lubricity, difficulty of root canal filling, and difficulty of removal as performance indicators, the matrix type was screened, and the formulation of paste was optimized by orthogonal experimental design. The content of iodoform in the optimized paste was determined by UV spectrophotometry. RESULTS: Dimethicone was chosen as the paste matrix by comprehensive scoring of indicators. The results of orthogonal test showed that the ratio of iodoform and zinc oxide was the main factor affecting the performance of the paste, and the optimal formulation of paste was as follows: the ratio of iodoformto zinc oxide 3:7, clove oil 0.5%, and the ratio of powder to liquid 70:30.The linear range of the calibration curve for iodoform in the optimal paste was 48.75-146.22 μg·mL-1, A = 6.781 3C-0.051 6(r=0.999 6); and the average recovery rate was 99.83% (n=9). CONCLUSION: The optimal iodoform paste has a simple preparation, fine and smooth for root canal filling of deciduous teeth. The assay method is accurate and reliable for the quality control of iodoform paste.

Quantitative and qualitative evaluation on tablets of Ginkgo biloba leaves using fingerprint and LC-MS analysis / 中国中药杂志

A reasonable method for the quality control of tablets of Ginkgo biloba leaves was established in this paper. The total flavonol glycosides and terpene lactones of G. biloba tablets were quantified by HPLC. Totally, 16 batches of the commercially available tablets of G. biloba leaves were determined. Among of them, 2 batches were unqualified in the content of total flavonol glycosides, and 3 batches were unqualified in the content of terpene lactones. A validated HPLC fingerprint method was established to evaluate the commercially available tablets of G. biloba leaves with the assistance of LC-MS. Sixteen batches showed the similarity of 0.763-0.989. There were 31 fingerprint chromatogram peaks were identified as flavonoids compositions by LC-MS. This provides a research idea for the quality control of tablets of G. biloba leaves.

Effects of ginkgo diterpene lactones meglumine injection's activated carbon adsorption technology on officinal components / 中国中药杂志

With the diversion rate of ginkgolide A, B, K as comprehensive evaluation indexes, the amount of activated carbon, ad- sorption time, mix rate, and adsorption temperature were selected as factors, orthogonal design which based on the evaluation method of information entropy was used to optimize activated carbon adsorption technology of ginkgo diterpene lactones meglumine injection. Opti- mized adsorption conditions were as follows: adsorbed 30 min with 0.2% activated carbon in 25 °C, 40 r ·min⁻¹, validation test re- sult display. The optimum extraction condition was stable and feasible, it will provide a basis for ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine injection' activated carbon adsorption process.

Study on effect of pH on rectum permeability of active ingredients in Reduning suppositories in vitro / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of different pH on rectum permeability of chlorogenic acid and geniposide.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Four kinds of Reduning suppositories of different pH were separated and put into the rectum to study the suppositories in vitro and the content of chlorogenic acid and geniposide samples was determined by HPLC to calculate the permeation in 24 hours.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>With increase of pH within 2.5-7.4, the steady state flux of chlorogenic acid was increased, but the steady state flux of geniposidesamples was steady.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Adjusted the pH can increase the rectum permeability of active ingredients in Reduning auppositories.</p>

Antitumor effect of baicalin on rat brain glioma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of baicalin on rat brain glioma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Deep brain glioma models were established by injection of glioma cell line C6 cells into the brain of Wistar rats. The rats at 7 days after modeling were randomly divided into tumor control group (0.9% NaCl solution 30 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) gavage)and experimental groups. The experimental rats was divided into 3 groups: low dose group (50 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1)), middle dose group (100 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1)) and high dose group (200 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1)), given the baicalin by gavage. Pathological and electron microscopic changes were observed. The expressions of p53 and Bcl-2 were determined by immunohistochemistry, and the changes of MRI, the average survival time and body weight of the rats in each group after treatments were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the tumor diameter and volume of high dose group rats before sacrifice were significantly reduced (P < 0.01), and the survival time was significantly prolonged (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry revealed strong positive expression rate of mutant p53 (84.47 ± 3.74)% and moderately positive rate (47.28 ± 2.38)% in the control group, significantly higher than that in the negative group (12.91 ± 1.07)% (P < 0.01). The positive rate of mutant p53 of the high dose group was (46.42 ± 2.19)%, significantly lower than that of the control group (84.47 ± 3.74)% (P < 0.01). The expression rate of Bcl-2 in the control group was strongly positive (86.51 ± 4.17)% and moderate positive (48.19 ± 2.11)%, significantly higher than that of the negative group (10.36 ± 1.43)% (P < 0.01). Electron microscopy revealed that baicalin caused damages of the cell nuclei and organelles in the gliomas.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Baicalin has significant inhibitory effect on glioma in vivo, and its mechanism may be related to cell apoptosis induced by down-regulated expression of mutant p53, but not related with Bcl-2 expression.</p>

Manifestation of synovial lesions in osteoarthritis / 中国骨伤

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease,with the characters of degradation of articular cartilage, the formation of the joint marginal osteophyte and synovium lesions. Previous studies have focused on the treatment of articular cartilage lesions. In recent years, new research in shows synovial inflammation plays an important role in OA. Synovium lesions and synovial inflammation-related factors induced the degradation and destruction of articular cartilage, and promoted the development of osteoarthritis. The role of synovial lesions in osteoarthritis is increasingly prominent, and the treatment for synovial lesions will become a new target. So this paper reviews the various manifestations of synovial in osteoarthritis.

Studies on solid phase extraction method of aristolochic acids and aristololactams in rat urine / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a urine pretreatment method of Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) for the quantitative determination of a number of aristolochic acids (AAs) and aristololactams (ALs) in rat urine.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The HPLC peak area of AA-I , AA-II, AL-I and AL-II, and other sixteen AAs and ALs was chosen as evaluating index to study the extract results of five Solid Phase Extraction columns (Agilent C18/100 mg, Alltech HG18/100 mg, Alltech C18/100 mg, Alltech C18/300 mg and Agilent Phenyl/200 mg) comparatively. The influences of two washing solvents (water and 1% acetic acid-0.02% triethylamine solution) and seven eluting solvents (ether, acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, methanol and acetonitrile) on extract results of AAs and ALs are comparatively studied with the extracting recoveries of AA-I , AA-II, AL-I and AL-II as indicators. The HPLC peak area of AA-I , AA-II, AL-I and AL-II, and other seven AAs and ALs with good separation being targets, several factors which affect extracting efficiency of analytes, including activating volume, cleansing volume, washing volume and eluting volume, are optimized by orthogonal design experiments with four factors at three levels.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The established method of SPE is as follows: Agilent Phenyl SPE column of 200 mg, activating with 1.0 mL methanol, cleansing with 1 mL water, adding 1.0 mL rat urine sample, washing with 0.8 mL 1% acetic acid 0.02% triethylamine solution, and eluting with 3.0 mL methanol.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The established method of SPE is efficient, selective, simple and fast, and can be used as urine pretreatment method to analyze a variety of aristolochic acids and aristololactams in rat urine.</p>