Frey's procedure for chronic pancreatitis: a 10-year single-center experience in Korea

PURPOSE: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is progressive inflammatory disease that leads to irreversible destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma. The main indications for surgical intervention in cases involving CP are intractable pain, suspicion of malignancy, and failure of other methods. However, there is no report related to Frey's procedure in Korea; hence, we aimed to investigate and analyze our institution's experience and determine the benefits of surgical treatment for CP. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 24 patients with CP who underwent Frey's procedure at Gangnam Severance Yonsei University between January 2007 and December 2017. Preoperative exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function, perioperative finding (blood loss, operation time), postoperative complications were evaluated. Statistical analytics were chi-square test, Fisher exact tests, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: Surgery was performed due to alcohol-derived CP in 12 of 24 patients (50%) and due to pancreatic stones in 15 of 24 patients (62.5%). Two patients had postoperative complications which were managed conservatively. After surgery, 7 of 24 patients were prescribed with exocrine medication. Comparison of the preoperative and postoperative conditions showed that glycated hemoglobin had no significant differences. After surgery, only 5 patients (21%) complained of intermittent abdominal pain. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, Frey's procedure appears to be a less burdensome surgical procedure. Thus, it could be the first option for management of patients with large pancreatic stone.

Staged partial hepatectomy versus transarterial chemoembolization for the treatment of spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma rupture: a multicenter analysis in Korea

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the prognostic factors and compare the long-term outcomes of staged hepatectomy and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for patients with spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: This study is a multicenter, retrospective analysis of patients with newly diagnosed ruptured HCC. To compare overall survival between staged hepatectomy group and TACE alone group, we performed propensity score-matching to adjust for significant differences in patient characteristics. To identify prognostic factors, the clinical characteristics at the time of diagnosis of tumor rupture were investigated using Cox-regression analysis. RESULTS: From 2000 to 2014, 172 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed ruptured HCC were treated in 6 Korean centers. One hundred seventeen patients with Child-Pugh class A disease were identified; of which 112 were initially treated with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for hemostasis and five underwent emergency surgery for bleeder ligation. Of the 112 patients treated with TAE, 44 underwent staged hepatectomy, 61 received TACE alone, and 7 received conservative treatment after TAE. Those that underwent staged hepatectomy had significantly higher overall survival than those that underwent TACE alone before matching (P 1,200 mL, and tumor size >5 cm were associated with poor overall survival. CONCLUSION: Staged hepatectomy may offer better long-term survival than TACE alone for spontaneous rupture of HCC. Staged hepatectomy should be considered in spontaneous rupture of HCC with resectable tumor and preserved liver function.

Protective effect of Korean red ginseng on oxaliplatin-mediated splenomegaly in colon cancer

PURPOSE: This study investigated how adding Korean red ginseng extract (KRG) to folinic acid, fluorouracil and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) chemotherapy affected the rate of splenomegaly in colon cancer. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 42 patients who were randomly assigned to receive a FOLFOX regimen with or without KRG. Spleen volume change was assessed by computed tomography scans measured before surgery (presurgery volume) and 3 weeks after cessation of the 12th cycle of FOLFOX (postchemotherapy volume). RESULTS: All patients showed increased spleen volume. No difference was observed in median presurgery and postchemotherapy volume between the KRG and control groups. However, a ratio defined as postchemotherapy volume divided by presurgery volume was significantly lower in the KRG group than the control group (median, 1.38 [range, 1.0–2.8] in KRG group vs. median, 1.89 [range, 1.1–3.0] in control group, P = 0.028). When splenomegaly was defined as a >61% increase in spleen volume, the rate of splenomegaly was significantly lower in the KRG group than the control group (28.6% vs. 61.9%, P = 0.03). KRG consumption was inversely associated with developing splenomegaly in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Adding KRG during FOLFOX chemotherapy for colon cancer might protect against oxaliplatin-induced splenomegaly. The protective effect of Korean red ginseng should be investigated with further research.

Preliminary Findings on the Effectiveness of Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy in Patients with Pancreatobiliary Cancer

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effectiveness of meaning-centered psychotherapy (MCP), which is known to be a helpful psychotherapeutic intervention in distressing conditions, for patients with pancreatobiliary cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited 37 patients with pancreatobiliary cancer from three university general hospitals and assessed their psychological characteristics. Patients who reported clinically significant emotional distress were recommended to undergo MCP. Patients who consented to MCP were provided four sessions of the therapy. Patient psychological characteristics were assessed again 2 months after MCP. For statistical comparison, outcome variables included anxiety, depression, mental adjustment to cancer, and quality of life (QoL), as well as the degree of stress and physical symptoms. RESULTS: Sixteen patients completed the MCP and the final assessment 2 months later. In the initial assessment, the patients receiving MCP showed higher levels of anxiety and depression than those not receiving MCP, and QoL was also lower in terms of role function, emotional function, social function, and global QoL. At the 2-month follow-up, the MCP group showed a significant improvement in anxiety (p=0.007), depression (p=0.010), and anxious preoccupation (p < 0.001). In addition, QoL significantly improved in the MCP group, while there was no significant change in the non-MCP group. CONCLUSION: In this study, MCP showed potential therapeutic benefits against emotional distress in patients with pancreatobiliary cancer, improving their QoL.

Surgical Strategy for T2 Gallbladder Cancer: Nationwide Multicenter Survey in Korea

BACKGROUND: Although all guidelines suggest that T2 gallbladder (GB) cancer should be treated by extended cholecystectomy (ECx), high-level scientific evidence is lacking because there has been no randomized controlled trial on GB cancer. METHODS: A nationwide multicenter study between 2000 and 2009 from 14 university hospitals enrolled a total of 410 patients with T2 GB cancer. The clinicopathologic findings and long-term follow-up results were analyzed after consensus meeting of Korean Pancreas Surgery Club. RESULTS: The 5-year cumulative survival rate (5YSR) for the patients who underwent curative resection was 61.2%. ECx group showed significantly better 5YSR than simple cholecystectomy (SCx) group (65.4% vs. 54.0%, P = 0.016). For N0 patients, there was no significant difference in 5YSR between SCx and ECx groups (68.7% vs. 73.6%, P = 0.173). Systemic recurrence was more common than locoregional recurrence (78.5% vs. 21.5%). Elevation of cancer antigen 19-9 level preoperatively and lymph node (LN) metastasis were significantly poor prognostic factors in a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: ECx including wedge resection of GB bed should be recommended for T2 GB cancer. Because systemic recurrence was more common and recurrence occurred more frequently in patients with LN metastasis, postoperative adjuvant therapy should be considered especially for the patients with LN metastasis.

Laparoscopic resection of retroperitoneal benign neurilemmoma

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to verify that laparoscopic resection for treating retroperitoneal benign neurilemmoma (NL) is expected to be favorable for complete resection of tumor with technical feasibility and safety. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 47 operations for retroperitoneal neurogenic tumor at Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital and Gangnam Severance Hospital between January 2005 and September 2015. After excluding 21 patients, the remaining 26 were divided into 2 groups: those who underwent open surgery (OS) and those who underwent laparoscopic surgery (LS). We compared clinicopathological features between the 2 groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in operation time, estimated blood loss, transfusion, complication, recurrence, or follow-up period between 2 groups. Postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the LS group versus the OS group (OS vs. LS, 7.00 ± 3.43 days vs. 4.50 ± 2.16 days; P = 0.031). CONCLUSION: We suggest that laparoscopic resection of retroperitoneal benign NL is feasible and safe by obtaining complete resection of the tumor. LS for treating retroperitoneal benign NL could be useful with appropriate laparoscopic technique and proper patient selection.

Retroperitoneal Schwannoma Mimicking an Adrenal Mass / 대한내과학회지

A schwannoma is a benign neoplasm originating from the Schwann cells of the neural sheath. The most common type of benign schwannomas is the acoustic neuroma presenting with deafness. We report a rare case of schwannoma mimicking an adrenal mass. A 66-year-old woman was diagnosed with an adrenal incidentaloma measuring 10 cm in length on a health checkup. The hormonal study revealed that the adrenal mass was non-functioning. Due to a high risk of adrenal malignancy, a retroperitoneal mass excision, distal pancreatectomy, splenectomy, wedge resection of stomach, and left adrenalectomy were conducted. The subsequent histopathologic examination revealed it to be a benign schwannoma.

Affiliation and corresponding author correction: Laparoscopic resection of retroperitoneal benign neurilemmoma

We found that there is some mistake printings regarding corresponding author and affiliations.

Prognostic Factors and Scoring Model for Survival in Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: Metastatic biliary tract cancer (mBTC) has a dismal prognosis. In this study, an independent dataset of patients with mBTC was used to implement and validate a routine clinico-laboratory parameter-based scoring model for risk group identification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From September 2006 to February 2015, 482 patients with mBTC were assigned randomly (ratio, 7:3) into investigational (n=340) and validation datasets (n=142). The continuous variables were dichotomized using a normal range or the best cutoff values determined using the Contal and O'Quigley statistical methods. Following a Cox’s proportional hazard model, the scoring model was derived by summing the rounded chi-square scores for the factors identified by multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 3-4), hypoalbuminemia (< 3.4 mg/dL), carcinoembryonic antigen (≥ 9 ng/mL), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (≥ 3.0), and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (≥ 120 U/mL) were identified as independent prognosticators (Harrell’s C index, 0.682; integrated area under the curve, 0.653). Survival was clearly correlated with the risk groups (low, intermediate, and high, 14.0, 7.3, and 2.3 months, respectively; p < 0.001). The prognosis was also discriminative in the validation data set (median survival, 16.7, 7.5, and 1.9 months, respectively; p < 0.001). Chemotherapy did not offer any survival benefits for high-risk patients. CONCLUSION: These proposed prognostic criteria for mBTC can facilitate accurate patient risk stratification and treatment-related decision-making.

Establishing a colorectal cancer liver metastasis patient-derived tumor xenograft model for the evaluation of personalized chemotherapy

PURPOSE: In order to suggest optimal anticancer drugs for patient-tailored chemotherapy, we developed a colorectal cancer (CRC)-liver metastasis patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) model. METHODS: Tissue obtained from a patient with CRC-liver metastasis (F0) was transplanted in a nonobese female mouse with diabetic/severe combined immune deficiency (F1) and the tumor tissue was retransplanted into nude mice (F2). When tumor volumes reached ~500 mm³, the F2 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 4/group) of doxorubicin, cisplatin, docetaxel, and nontreated control groups. The tumor tissues were investigated using H&E staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assays, and immunohistochemistry. To determine where the mutant allele frequencies varied across the different passages, we isolated genomic DNA from the primary tumor, liver metastasis, and PDTX models (F1/F2). RESULTS: The physiological properties of the tumor were in accord with those of the patient's tumors. Anticancer drugs delayed tumor growth, inhibited proliferation, and caused apoptosis. Histological assessments revealed no observable heterogeneity among the intragenerational PDTX models. Target exon sequencing analysis without high-quality filter conditions revealed some genetic variations in the 83 cancer-related genes across the generations. However, when de novo mutations were defined as a total count of zero in F0 and ≥5 in F2, exactly prognostic impact of clone cancer profiling (EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, NRAS, APC and TP53) were detected in the paired. CONCLUSION: A CRC liver metastasis PDTX model was established for the evaluation of chemotherapeutic efficacy. This model retained the physiological characters of the patient tumors and potentially provides a powerful means of assessing chemotherapeutic efficacy.

A Study on the Dietary Intake and the Nutritional Status among the Pancreatic Cancer Surgical Patients

The adequate dietary intake is important to maintain the nutritional status of the patients after pancreatic cancer surgery. This prospective study was designed to investigate the dietary intake and the nutritional status of the patients who had pancreatic cancer surgery. Thirty-one patients (15 men, 16 women) were enrolled and measured body weight, body mass index (BMI), nutritional risk index (NRI), and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST). Actual oral intake with nutritional impact symptoms recorded on the clinical research foam at every meal and medical information were collected from electronic medical charts. The rates of malnutrition at admission were 45.1% (14/31) and 28.9% (9/31) by NRI and MUST method, respectively, but those were increased to 87% (27/31) and 86.6% (26/31) after operation on discharge. The median values of daily intake of energy, carbohydrates, fat, and protein were 588.1 kcal, 96.0 g, 11.8 g, and 27.0 g, respectively. Most patients (n = 20, 64.5%) experienced two or more symptoms such as anorexia, abdominal bloating and early satiety. There were negative correlations between C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the intake of total energy, protein, fat, and zinc. The rates of malnutrition were increased sharply after surgery and the dietary intake also influenced the inflammatory indicators. The results suggested that need of considering special therapeutic diets for the patients who received pancreatic surgery.

Mirizzi Syndrome: A Single Center Experience

PURPOSE: Mirizzi syndrome is caused by extrinsic compression of the common hepatic duct by stones impacted in the cystic duct or the gallbladder neck. The standard treatment for Mirizzi syndrome has been open cholecystectomy. The aim of this study was to review our experience of Mirizzi syndrome and consider its surgical treatment. METHODS: Data were collected retrospectively through chart review of 9,360 patients who underwent cholecystectomy between April 1983 and August 2016. RESULTS: Mirizzi syndrome was identified in 21 of 9,360 patients (0.22%). The mean age at diagnosis was 56 years. The most common symptom was abdominal pain (85.7%). A total of 16 patients (76.2%) were diagnosed with McSherry type I and 5 patients (23.8%) with McSherry type II. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) was initiated in 13 patients and open cholecystectomy (OC) in 8 patients. Conversion from LC to OC was reported for 3 patients (conversion rate 18.8%). In 4 patients with McSherry type II, an additional procedure (T tube insertion or hepaticojejunostomy) was required. CONCLUSION: Preoperative diagnosis of Mirizzi syndrome is very important in order to plan surgical strategy. LC is possible in selected patients with Mirizzi syndrome. However, OC is suitable in patients with McSherry type II. In the near future, laparoscopic procedures may be adaptable in patients with McSherry type II.

Prognostic Scoring Index for Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: This study focused on implementation of a prognostic scoring index based on clinico-laboratory parameters measured routinely on admission in metastatic pancreatic cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records from 403 patients of metastatic disease were analyzed retrospectively. Continuous variables were dichotomized according to the normal range or the best cut-off values statistically determined by Contal and O’Quigley method, and then analyzed in association with prognosis—overall survival (OS), using Cox's proportional hazard model. Scores were calculated by summing the rounded chi-square scores for the factors that emerged in the multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Performance status, hemoglobin, leucocyte count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, and carcinoembryonic antigen were independent factors for OS. When patients were divided into three risk groups according to these factors, median survival was 11.7, 6.2, and 1.3 months for the low, intermediate, and high-risk groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Palliative chemotherapy has a significant survival benefit for low and intermediate-risk patients (median OS; 12.5 months vs. 5.9 months, p < 0.001 and 8.0 months vs. 2.0 months, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: We advocate the use of a multivariable approach with continuous variables for prognostic modeling. Our index is helpful in accurate patient risk stratification and may aid in treatment selection.

Surgery Alone Versus Surgery Followed by Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Resected Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer: Treatment Outcome Analysis of 336 Patients / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: This study analyzed the outcomes of patients with resected extrahepatic bile duct cancer (EHBDC) in order to clarify the role of adjuvant treatments in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 336 patients with EHBDC who underwent curative resection between 2001 and 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. The treatment types were as follows: surgery alone (n=168), surgery with chemotherapy (CTx, n=90), surgery with radiotherapy (RT) alone (n=29), and surgery with chemoradiotherapy (CRT, n=49). RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 63 months. The 5-year rates of locoregional failure-free survival (LRFFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) for all patients were 56.5%, 59.7%, 36.6%, and 42.0%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, surgery with RT and CRT was a significant prognostic factor for LRFFS, and surgery with CTx was a significant prognostic factor for DMFS, and surgery with CTx, RT, and CRT was a significant prognostic factor for PFS (p < 0.05). Surgery with CTx and CRT showed association with superior OS (p < 0.05), and surgery with RT had marginal significance (p=0.078). In multivariate analysis of the R1 resection patients, surgery with CRT showed significant association with OS (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Adjuvant RT and CTx may be helpful in improving clinical outcomes of patients with resected EHBDC who have a high risk of disease recurrence, particularly R1 resection patients. Conduct of additional prospective, larger-scale studies will be required in order to confirm the benefit of adjuvant RT and CTx in these patients.

Gemcitabine Combined with Capecitabine Compared to Gemcitabine with or without Erlotinib as First-Line Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to retrospectively compare the efficacy and tolerability between three regimens for first-line chemotherapy-gemcitabine plus capecitabine (GEM-X), gemcitabine plus erlotinib (GEM-T), and gemcitabine monotherapy (GEM)-in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There was a total of 127 patients who underwent chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer between January 2007 and November 2011 at our institution. Patients were treated with either GEM (gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks), GEM-T (gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks and erlotinib 100 mg daily), or GEM-X (gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks and capecitabine 850 mg/m2 twice daily for 2 weeks followed by 1 week's rest) as the first-line treatment. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and toxicity were evaluated. RESULTS: The patient population was divided into groups depending on their first-line treatment: GEM (n=47), GEM-T (n=44), and GEM-X (n=36). GEM-X significantly improved ORR (21.2% vs. 12.7% and 15.9%), PFS (8.9 vs. 5.2 and 3.9 months; p < 0.001), and OS (12.1 vs. 10.4 and 9.9 months; p = 0.03) compared to GEM and GEM-T, respectively. There were higher incidences of some non-hematologic adverse events with GEM-X and GEM-T compared to GEM, but most were grade 1 or 2. CONCLUSION: GEM-X presented better clinical efficacy and acceptable tolerability than GEM-T and GEM in advanced pancreatic cancers. It is worthy to further investigate which agent has a clinical advantage as a combination drug with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer and to explore the predictive markers leading to personalize anti-cancer treatment.

Postoperative radiotherapy dose correlates with locoregional control in patients with extra-hepatic bile duct cancer

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of postoperative radiotherapy in patients with extra-hepatic bile duct cancer (EHBDC) and identify the prognostic factors for local control and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2001 and December 2010, we retrospectively reviewed the cases of 70 patients with EHBDC who had undergone curative resection and received postoperative radiotherapy. The median radiation dose was 50.4 Gy (range, 41.4 to 54 Gy). The resection margin status was R0 in 30 patients (42.9%), R1 in 25 patients (35.7%), and R2 in 15 patients (21.4%). RESULTS: The 5-year rates of overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), and locoregional control (LRC) for all patients were 42.9%, 38.3%, and 61.2%, respectively. The major pattern of failure was distant relapses (33 patients, 47.1%). A multivariate analysis showed that the postradiotherapy CA19-9 level, radiation dose (> or =50 Gy), R2 resection margins, perineural invasion, and T stage were the significant prognostic factors for OS, EFS, and LRC. OS was not significantly different between the patients receiving R0 and R1 resections, but was significantly lower among those receiving R2 resection (54.6%, 56.1%, and 7.1% for R0, R1, and R2 resections, respectively). CONCLUSION: In patients with EHBDC who had undergone curative resection, a postoperative radiotherapy dose less than 50 Gy was suboptimal for OS and LRC. Higher radiation doses may be needed to obtain better LRC. Further investigation of novel therapy or palliative treatment should be considered for patients receiving R2 resection.

A survey of attitudes to clinical practice guidelines in general and adherence of the Korea practical guidelines for management of gallbladder polyp: a survey among private clinicians in Korea

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: While clinical practice guidelines are effective tools for improving the quality of patient care and provide specific recommendations for daily practice, the usage of them have been often suboptimal. Therefore, evaluation of physician attitude to guidelines is an important initial step in improving guideline adherence levels. The aim of this study was to survey the attitude on general guidelines and adherence with the Korea Practical Guidelines for gallbladder (GB) polyp two year after their publication and distribution among Korean private clinicians. METHODS: To evaluate the survey, questionnaires were sent with a stamp on an addressed envelope to 3,256 private clinicians who were registered at the Seoul Medical Association in April, 2010. From the 3,256 questionnaires, 376 clinicians (11.5%) responded to the survey. RESULTS: A total of 91.0% responders agreed to the statement that general guidelines were useful tools for improving patient care and quality of care. One hundred one responders (26.9%) stated that they were aware of the Korea GB polyp guidelines while 73 physicians (72.3%) founded the guideline had changed their practice and user-friendly. Most of physicians (73.4%) agreed to practical procedures recommended by guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Korean primary physicians were generally positive to the practical guidelines, as propagation of the guideline among primary physicians may improve adherence to guideline and patients care for GB polyps.

Does international study group on pancreatic fistula (ISGPF) classification need modification after distal pancreatectomy?

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: Few reports have validated the clinical postoperative pancreatic fistula (PF) after distal pancreatectomy. The study intended to validate the predictability for clinical PF of drain amylase and lipase and to find out more appropriate postoperative day (POD) for diagnostic criterion of PF. METHODS: A total of 154 patients underwent distal pancreatectomy. We used the clinical database registry system of the Gangnam Severance Hospital and Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System for these analyses. The receiver operating characteristic curve of the drain amylase or lipase concentration on each day was used to predict clinical PF (International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula [ISGPF] grade B or C) and areas under the curves (AUC) were compared. RESULTS: Amylase and lipase AUC values poorly predicted clinical PF before POD 3 and, gradually increased until POD 5 and became well correlated with clinical PF (ISGPF grade B or C). In contrast, the prediction of clinical PF using drain lipase did not differ from that using drain amylase. The drain amylase concentration on POD 6 was most precisely correlated with clinical PF. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical PF prediction was validated by using drain amylase and lipase concentrations, in which drain amylase assessment at POD 6 appeared to be an appropriate diagnostic criterion of PF after distal pancreatectomy. We suggest some modification of ISGPF definition, especially for distal pancreatectomy.

Does Liver Resection Provide Long-Term Survival Benefits for Breast Cancer Patients with Liver Metastasis? A Single Hospital Experience

PURPOSE: Liver resection with colorectal liver metastasis widely accepted and has been considered safe and effective therapeutic option. However, the role of liver resection in breast cancer with liver metastasis is still controversial. Therefore, we reviewed the outcome of liver resection in breast cancer patients with liver metastases in a single hospital experiences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1991 and December 2006, 2176 patients underwent breast cancer surgery in Gangnam Severance Hospital. Among these patients, 110 cases of liver metastases were observed during follow-up and 13 of these patients received liver resection with potential feasibility to achieve an R0 resection. RESULTS: The median time interval between initial breast cancer and detection of liver metastasis was 62.5 months (range, 13-121 months). The 1-year and 3-year overall survival rates of the 13 patients with liver resection were 83.1% and 49.2%, respectively. The 1-year and 3-year overall survival rates of patients without extrahepatic metastasis were 83.3% and 66.7% and those of patients with extrahepatic metastasis were 80.0% and 0.0%, respectively (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Liver resection for metastatic breast cancer results in improved patient survival, particularly in patients with solitary liver metastasis and good general condition.

A Case of Double Primary Neuroendocrine Tumor from Duodenum and Pancreas / 대한소화기학회지

Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors arise from cells of the diffuse neuroendocrine system and can take place almost anywhere within the gastrointestinal tract. A 40-year-old man admitted to evaluate a duodenal subepithelial lesion which was incidentally found at health check-up. The polypoid duodenal subepithelial lesion, measuring about 7 mm, was removed by the endoscopic mucosal resection and the pathology confirmed a neuroendocrine tumor. Abdominopelvic computed tomography, done for staging work up, revealed a mass in the pancreatic head and the patient received pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Mass at the pancreas also found out to be neuroendocrine tumor but showed different histopathologic traits under immunohistochemical staining. The patient was also diagnosed as hyperparathyroidism and pituitary microadenoma. Finally, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 was confirmed, which was accompanied by duodenal neuroendocrine tumor.